First report of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from dairy cattle in Argentina

Fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 70 dairy calves less than two months old on 11 municipalities in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After removal of fecal debris by sieving and sucrose flotation, specimens were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. PCR revealed a 14.3% of prevalence for E. bieneusi with 10 positive calves from 7 municipalities. Gene sequence analysis conducted in all samples positives by PCR revealed the presence of six genotypes; four previously reported in cattle as well as humans (D, I, J, and BEB4), one never reported in cattle before but previously reported in humans (EbpC), and one novel genotype (BEB10). These results constitute the first molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in Argentina, and suggest a potential risk of zoonotic transmission in this area.     

Longitudinal identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy calves on a farm in Southern Xinjiang,China

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species responsible for human and animals microsporidiasis. A total of 250 samples were collected weekly from 25 newborn dairy calves of a farm in Southern Xinjiang, China at one to ten weeks of age. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was identified and genotyped by nested PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.The cumulative prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was 100% (25/25), and the average infection was 52.0% (130/250). The highest infection rate was recorded at six weeks of age (92.0%, 23/25), and no infection was observed at one and two weeks of age. Sequencing analysis showed nine E. bieneusi genotypes (J, EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5) were identified. The highest genetic polymorphism was observed at ten weeks of age. Genotype J was the predominant E. bieneusi genotype. Phylogenetic analysis clustered genotype J into Group 2 and other eight genotypes (EbpC, PigEBITS5, CHV4, CHC3, CS-9, KIN-1, CH5, and CAM5), detected in 22 (16.9%, 22/130) samples, into Group 1. Among the genotypes, EbpC, KIN-1, and J have been identified in humans. The highest E. bieneusi infection rate (57.9%, 124/214) was observed in fecal samples with formed feces with no diarrhea (p < 0.01), and high genetic polymorphism was observed in class I fecal samples. The presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes in dairy calves suggests the possibility of transmitting zoonotic infections to humans. It provides the basic data on dynamic change of E. bieneusi in calves.     

马属动物毕氏肠微孢子虫研究进展

毕氏肠微孢子虫是一种引起人和动物腹泻的常见病原体,可通过食物和水源传播,具有重要的公共卫生意义。根据系统进化分析,已鉴定出近300个毕氏肠微孢子虫基因型,分为9个组群,组群1中的基因型大多数具有潜在人兽共患性;组群2~8中的基因型多数具有宿主特异性,部分也可感染人。研究表明,马属动物可感染37个毕氏肠微孢子虫基因型,具有一定人兽共患风险。论文就近年来感染马属动物的毕氏肠微孢子虫基因型、人兽共患风险、流行情况和致病性等进行综述。     

Outbreak of microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi in falcons

Four falcons from a private collection of 137 falcons in Abu Dhabi (UAE) died suddenly in summer 2005. In order to screen for a possible disease among the remaining falcons in the aviary, all other birds were caught, examined and treated if necessary. Most of the falcons suffered from massive lice infestation and 74 falcons additionally from a heavy Caryospora sp. burden. Endoscopy revealed yellowish plaques on intestines, livers or kidneys in 70 birds (51.1% morbidity). Proliferative serositis was seen in 17 out of 24 necropsied birds with plaques on intestines, livers or kidneys, which did not resemble any known disease in falcons. However, apart from 20 falcons, which died within a 6-week period after the initial examinations due to advanced disease stages, all other falcons responded well to the treatment with dimetridazole (Emtryl), indicating protozoal disease. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of microsporidial antigen. The final diagnosis of Enterocytozoon (E.) bieneusi genotype D was confirmed with materials from 6 birds by PCR and sequencing. To our knowledge this is the first report of microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi in raptors in general and in falcons in particular. However, it is still unclear for how long E. bieneusi was present in the falcon flock, and which role it played in the development of the disease. Predisposing factors such as high temperature and overcrowding in the aviary induced immune suppression causing massive lice infestation as well as coccidiosis, thus paving the way for invasion with microsporidial spores.     

藏香猪毕氏肠微孢子虫感染情况和基因分型

采集了青海省和陕西省部分地区共计450份藏香猪新鲜粪便样品,基于小亚基核糖体RNA基因(small-subunit ribosomal RNA,SSU rRNA)的巢式PCR检测样品中毕氏肠微孢子虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)的感染情况,并分析其遗传多样性。结果显示,218份样品感染了毕氏肠微孢子虫,总感染率为48.4%(218/450);青海省所调查藏香猪的毕氏肠微孢子虫感染率为65.8%(154/234),显著高于陕西省的感染率29.6%(64/216)(P0.001);4个年龄段间藏香猪毕氏肠微孢子虫感染率差异显著(P0.001),其中哺乳仔猪感染率最高(92.7%),而成年猪感染率最低(9.2%)。序列分析发现,藏香猪存在5个SSU rRNA基因型(Type 1～Type 5),其中Type 1为优势基因型。对218份毕氏肠微孢子虫阳性分离株的多位点序列分型发现,分别有59,26,9和99份样品在MS1、MS3、MS4和MS7基因位点成功扩增,呈现18,4,4和4种单倍型,基于MS1、MS3和MS4等3个基因位点共形成6种多位点基因型(multi-locus genotypes,MLGs)。     

Prevalence and age-related infection of Cryptosporidium suis, C. muris and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in pigs on a farm complex in the Czech Republic

A total of 413 pig faecal samples were collected from pre-weaners (119), starters (131), pre-growers (123) and sows (40) from a farm with a closed breeding system segmented into two breeding complexes and a growing complex in the region of Vysočina, Czech Republic and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using staining methods and genotyping (SSU rRNA). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by microscopy in the faeces of 21.1% of the samples (87/413). Sequence analyses and RFLP identified C. suis in 44, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in 23 and C. muris in 2 samples. No mixed infections were found.Pigs under 7 weeks of age were infected with C. suis only. Cryptosporidium pig genotype II was found in animals from 7 weeks of age. No relationship was found between diarrhoea and any Cryptosporidium infection in any of the different age groups (P < 0.05). The pre-weaned pigs shed significantly more Cryptosporidium oocysts than older pigs and it was associated with C. suis infection.     

秦岭地区几种珍稀动物毕氏肠微孢子虫基因分型

为了评估秦岭地区珍稀野生动物的毕氏肠微孢子虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)的人兽共患风险,本研究采用PCR技术和多位点序列分型技术对秦岭地区5种珍稀动物毕氏肠微孢子虫的感染情况及基因型/亚型进行了分析。在采集的22份新鲜粪便中检测到7个阳性分离株,其中斑羚源5个,长颈鹿源1个,麂子源1个。基于ITS位点基因分型发现所有分离株均为人兽共患基因型,包括6个已报道的基因型D和1个尚未报道的D-new。多位点序列分型技术发现秦岭地区珍稀野生动物的毕氏肠微孢子虫存在遗传多样性,7个分离株在MS1、MS3、MS4和MS7位点分别有3、1、2、2个亚型。     

某规模化养殖场猪流行性腹泻急性病例报告

猪流行性腹泻是由猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)引起的高度接触性肠道传染病,临床以仔猪呕吐、严重腹泻、高死亡率(产房仔猪达到100%)为主要特征,随着PEDV毒株的变异及其规模化猪场的扩张,猪场布局密度日益扩大,猪流行性腹泻在猪场已经成为常态化,尤其在冬春季节更为严重,对养殖场造成的损失严重,笔者处理了一起规模化猪场的的腹泻案例,在此分享供大家参考借鉴。     

长春地区梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫分子流行病学调查

为了掌握长春地区梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)的感染率及基因型种类的分布情况,探究其在人与动物之间传播的源由,本研究于2018年12月-2019年12月期间采集长春地区8个养殖场共计538份梅花鹿粪便样品进行毕氏肠微孢子虫的流行病学调查及基因型分析,经PCR鉴定,测序分析、序列拼接比对以及系统进化分析。试验结果表明,长春地区梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫的感染率为17.84%(96/538),不同养殖场的感染率为0~47.96%;研究共发现14种基因型(BEB6、EbpC、Ⅰ、JLD-Ⅲ、JLD-Ⅸ、JLD-ⅩⅤ、JLD-ⅩⅥ、JLD-ⅩⅦ、JLD-ⅩⅧ、JLD-ⅩⅨ、JLD-ⅩⅩ、JLD-ⅩⅪ、JLD-ⅩⅫ和JLD-ⅩⅩⅢ),其中BEB6为优势基因型。应用多位点序列分型(MLST)方法,选择MS1、MS3、MS4以及MS7位点对毕氏肠微孢子虫阳性样本进行多态性和群体遗传结构分析,结果显示,在96份阳性样品中,共有16份阳性分离株在至少2个位点同时扩增成功,形成10个多位点基因型(multilocus genotypes,MLGs),相同的基因型之间存在不同亚型,表明长春地区梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究应用分子生物学方法对长春地区梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫的流行病情况及基因型进行分析,研究结果不仅为梅花鹿毕氏肠微孢子虫防控提供科学依据,也为防控毕氏微孢子虫在人和动物间的传播提供基础数据,对保障公共卫生与健康意义重大。     

First evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection of pigs in the Czech Republic by semi-nested PCR

Three oligonucleotide primers for semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed according to already published sequences of porcine circovirus types 1 (PCV-1) and 2 (PCV-2) isolates. These primers were used to detect PCV-2 DNA. A positive amplification reaction was visualized from a DNA suspension containing as few as 10 copies of virus DNA. In total. 77 samples of inguinal lymph nodes and nasal swabs from pigs in the Czech Republic were used to detect the virus. Thirty-seven of them were positive for PCV-2 DNA. In order to confirm specificity of the PCR reaction, seven DNA fragments were sequenced. Czech PCV sequences were found to have a 92-97% homology with other known PCV-2 strains and only 80-83% homology with PCV-1 strains.     

规模化猪场猪寄生虫感染情况调查

寄生虫病可导致猪增重缓慢、饲料报酬降低,甚至死亡,对养猪业危害极大。辽宁省是养猪大省,猪年饲养量在2000万头左右,且大多为规模化饲养。为了搞清辽宁省规模化猪场猪寄生虫的感染情况,给防治工作提供科学依据,结合我院寄生虫课教学实习,在2001-2003年对辽宁省不同地区规模化猪场寄生虫的感染情况进行了随机抽样调查,现将调查结果报告如下。1 调查方法 根据辽宁省地理气候特点,将全省养猪地区划分为辽南、辽北、辽西、辽东、辽中5个区域。选择有代     

某猪场猪2型圆环病毒感染的诊断

猪2型圆环病毒(PCV2)是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的主要病原,此外,PCV2还可能与猪皮炎肾病综合征、猪呼吸系统综合征、仔猪先天性震颤等疾病有关.PMWS临床症状主要表现为进行性消瘦,生长发育受阻,皮肤苍白或有黄疸,体表淋巴结肿大,腹泻,贫血和呼吸道症状等.     

The first report on Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa) (Czech Republic)

A total of 193 faecal samples of adult Eurasian wild boars were collected at 12 enclosures across the Czech Republic and examined for Cryptosporidium infection using both microscopic and molecular tools. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in any of the 193 faecal samples examined using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. Thirty-two positive cases of Cryptosporidium infection were detected using either genus- or species-specific nested PCR. Mono-infection with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II were found in 13 and 7 cases, respectively. Five mixed infections of C. suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II were detected using PCR/RFLP with genus specific primers. The number of detected mixed infections increased 2.4 fold when a species-specific PCR was employed. No other Cryptosporidium spp. was detected. Unlike cryptosporidiosis of domestic pigs, C. suis was detected as a dominant species infecting adult Eurasian wild boars. There was no association between diarrhoea and the presence of Cryptosporidium infection in the Eurasian wild boars studied. This is the first report on the Cryptosporidium infection caused by C. suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa).     

云南省怒江州部分地区独龙牛毕氏肠微孢子虫感染情况及基因分型研究

为了解云南省怒江州独龙牛毕氏肠微孢子虫感染情况,从怒江州的鸠门当、古泉村、亚左洛村、茨开镇、独龙江乡分四个季度(春、夏、秋、冬)采集独龙牛粪便样本1 129份,采用分子生物学技术对其毕氏肠微孢子虫感染情况进行调查研究.结果发现,所调查地区独龙牛毕氏肠微孢子虫总感染率为1.68％(19/1 129);各地点之间感染率差异...     

The first report on natural Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. infections in wild East-European House Mice (Mus musculus musculus) and West-European House Mice (M. m. domesticus) in a hybrid zone across the Czech Republic-Germany border

To determine the occurrence of potentially human pathogenic microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp.) in wild mice, we examined 289 East-European House Mice (Mus musculus musculus) and West-European House Mice (M. m. domesticus) trapped at 74 localities in an area across the Czech-German border. Microsporidia were detected at 33 localities, in 34% of M. m. musculus and 33% of M. m. domesticus examined specimens. Single-species infection was detected in 23 mice for E. hellem, 42 mice for E. cuniculi and 25 mice for E. bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis positive animals were identified. Moreover, co-infections were detected in 6 animals; E. bieneusi co-existed with E. cuniculi or E. hellem in 3 mice. The natural infection of E. hellem has never been recorded in mice before. No differences were found by a statistical analysis of microsporidia occurrence between the House Mouse subspecies. Although the gender-dependent infestation of microsporidia was statistically supported in M. m. musculus, no significant differences were observed when the occurrence of microsporidia was estimated for all males and females irrespective of the House Mouse subspecies. The results of this report document the low host specificity of detected microsporidia species and imply the importance of synanthropic rodents as a potential source of human microsporidial infection.     

养猪专业村发展风险须重视

近年来,各地政府把养猪业作为农村经济发展和农民增收的优势主导产业来抓.在长期的抓点实践中,笔者认为发展养猪专业村应做好以下4个方面工作.     

First report of naturally acquired clinical sarcocystosis in a pig breeding stock

A two-year-old Large White boar from a pig breeding stock in an indoor farm in Switzerland presented anorexia, reduced general condition and fever. Despite antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment, the boar developed severe dyspnoea and cyanosis, and died after 4 days. At necropsy, no gross lesions were observed. Histopathologically, multifocal degeneration and necrosis of myocardial fibers with interstitial edema, severe multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis and hepatitis, and non-suppurative interstitial nephritis were observed. In heart samples, groups of organisms resembling apicomplexan tachyzoites were seen associated with the lesions. A PCR using the primers COC1-COC2 that target a conserved region of the small-subunit rRNA gene of Apicomplexa was performed with DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues. An amplification product of about 350 bp was obtained from heart samples. A sequence analysis showed 100% identities with GenBank sequences reported for Sarcocystis miescheriana. The histopathological observations and molecular findings in combination with the clinical signs, and absence of other pathologic agents highly suggested that an acute infection with S. miescheriana was the cause of death in this boar. To our knowledge, this the first report of fatal acute sarcocystosis after natural infection in a pig breeding herd.     

江苏盐城某规模化猪场隐孢子虫感染现状调查

为了调查江苏盐城某猪场的隐孢子虫感染情况,采集300份仔猪新鲜粪样,提取基因组DNA,应用PCR方法对隐孢子虫18S rRNA和ITS序列进行扩增、克隆和序列分析。共检出41份阳性样品,阳性率为13.67%,克隆得到的序列大小分别为429 bp和532 bp。系统发育进化树分析显示,该猪场感染的隐孢子虫为鸵鸟隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium struthioni)。猪感染鸵鸟隐孢子虫在我国尚属首次。本研究结果不仅丰富了我国猪隐孢子虫感染的流行病学资料,也为本地区隐孢子虫病的防控奠定了基础。