木霉菌对几种植物病原菌的拮抗作用

为探明木霉对植物病原菌的拮抗作用效果,筛选出优势菌株,从长沙地区的15种作物根围采集到27份土壤样本,经室内分离、纯化得到28个木霉菌菌株.利用对峙法和稀释法测定了28个菌株对花生立枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、水稻恶苗病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、白术白绢病菌的拮抗作用,得到1株对5种供试病原真菌均有强烈拮抗作用的菌株,经鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉.对峙培养可观察到,多数情况下,接种后2 d内木霉与病原菌接触,随后覆盖或侵入病菌菌落,抑制其生长,其抑制程度随木霉孢子浓度的降低而减弱.温室盆栽试验发现,哈茨木霉对番茄立枯病防效显著,喷洒高浓度的哈茨木霉分生孢子悬浮液防效可达80%以上,且具有持续防效和刺激作物生长的作用.     

绿色木霉菌糠发酵物对常见黄瓜土传病害的防治

在平菇菌糠中分离出一株抗性较高的绿色木霉菌,通过平板对峙实验,考察绿色木霉菌对黄瓜立枯病及枯萎病致病菌的抑制效果。结果表明:绿色木霉菌对两种病原菌的抑制率分别达到了66.8%和87.5%,采用绿色木霉菌接种到菌糠发酵,其发酵菌糠拌土比例为10%且拌土时间为6 d时,对黄瓜立枯病及枯萎病的防治效果最高,分别达到了85.6%和74.3%。绿色木霉菌糠发酵物在黄瓜土传病害的防治上能起到一个很好的效果,菌糠能为绿色木霉菌的定植提供一个较为理想的环境,也能为植物的生长提供一定的营养,从而增强其抗病的能力。     

Diversity of Trichoderma in greenhouse soil

The protected agricultural production has become one of the fast growing and wid espread cultivation technology in the north parts of China. Continuous cultivati on of single crop or less rotation of crops usually resulted in the large amount of accumulation of soilborne pathogens and serious crop diseases in the greenho use. After a few years of investigation of soilborne fungi in the north parts of China, nearly one hundred species of mictosporic fungi have been identified by the authors.…     

烟草主要真菌病害生防木霉的筛选

对峙培养结果表明18个木霉菌株对腐霉病（Pythium spp.）、链格孢（Alternaria alternata)、烟草疫霉（Phytophthora par-asitica var.nicotianae)、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani)和胶孢炭疽菌（Collectotrichum gloeosporioides）均有不同程度拮抗作用,其中以TR13拮抗作用最好。重寄生现象观察结果表明,TR13能够重寄生烟草疫霉、胶孢炭疽菌和立枯丝核菌。     

Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance

The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not comple…     

高产抗生素木霉菌株的选育及初步研究

为选育高产抗生素木霉菌株,利用在培养基中加入高浓度木霉菌代谢产物作为选择压力,通过紫外线诱变,以立枯丝核菌作为指示菌,结合平板对峙法、发酵产物平板活性测定法,筛选高产抗生素木霉菌株.经初筛、复筛共得到6株对立枯丝核菌具有较强抑制作用的突变株,进一步对突变株的发酵液进行活性测定,选育出了两株遗传稳定的高产抗生素木霉突变株TD103-UV-4和TD103-UV-13,生长速度分别是出发菌株的1.86倍和1.95倍,发酵产物抑菌活性明显提高.其中菌株TD103-UV-4发酵液对立枯丝核菌的抑制率在80%以上,并且对灰葡萄孢菌等植物病原菌有较强的抑制作用,产抗生素能力比出发菌株提高了47.1%.     

新疆棉花立枯病根际拮抗细菌的筛选

为棉花立枯病生物防治提供新的生防细菌菌株,从采集的48份新疆棉苗根际土样中经分离、纯化获得优势细菌菌株189个,采用平板对峙培养法对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)进行根际拮抗细菌的筛选,并对部分抑菌活性强菌株的抑菌作用进行研究。结果表明,共获得根际拮抗细菌菌株67株;其中菌株MX-1抑菌谱广,抑菌活性强,具有几丁质酶活,其盆栽试验防治效果达59.8%;饱和度70%硫酸铵获得的抑菌物质热稳定性较好,抑菌活性最高,能够引起立枯丝核菌菌丝发生畸变,出现囊泡、甚而裂解。由此可知,菌株MX-1是一株具有良好应用潜力的防治棉花立枯病的生防菌。     

哈茨木霉T_2菌株耐药性的测定及其对几种病原菌的抑制作用研究

[目的]为提高木霉菌的生物防治效果。[方法]研究了哈茨木霉T2菌株对3种病原真菌(齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌和香蕉枯萎病菌)的抑制作用,分析其对7种杀菌剂的耐药性,并探讨了哈茨木霉T2菌株与杀菌剂联用对立枯丝核菌和齐整小核菌的抑制作用。[结果]哈茨木霉T2菌株对病原真菌的抑制随处理时间的延长而增强。处理后120 h其对齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌、香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制率最高,分别为63.10%、65.64%和33.84%。哈茨木霉T2菌株对多菌灵的耐药性最强,EC50为4 345.32 mg/L。在浓度为800 mg/L时多菌灵对哈茨木霉T2菌株的抑制率为13.73%,当浓度在50 mg/L以下时抑菌率几乎为0。哈茨木霉T2菌株对代森锰锌、露星较敏感。[结论]哈茨木霉T2菌株与甲霜灵联用,能明显抑制齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌的生长。     

Antagnism of three strains of Trichoderma spp. against mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia salani

Three strains of Trichoderma spp. TV112, TX003, TY009 obtained from previous experiments could inhibit the sclerotial formation of two strains of Rhizoctonia salani AG1 (-1A) isolated from the rice paddies in Hanzhou of China. However, it is unclear if there are the antagonism and mycoparasitism of the Trichoderma strains tested against the mycelial growth of R. solani . The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of the Trichoderma strains to inhibit the mycelial…     

西藏色季拉山土壤拮抗放线菌的筛选

利用稀释平板倾注法从西藏色季拉山22份土壤样品中共分离到各种放线菌菌株120株。以水稻稻瘟病菌、立枯丝核菌、棉花枯萎菌、烟草赤星病菌为指示菌,采用对峙培养法共获得对植物病原真菌抑菌圈直径>15 mm的菌株7株。将这7株放线菌菌株进行液体发酵试验,并采用生长速率法测定各个菌株发酵液的抑菌活性。结果表明,菌株2152无论是活体还是其发酵液对4种供试病原菌均表现强烈的抑菌效果,发酵滤液稀释10倍后对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑制率达78.6%。     

Proteomic study of three component interactions： plant, pathogens andantagonistic fungi

The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co…     

4种荧光假单胞菌拮抗菌株对湿地松猝倒病病原菌的抑制效果

以湿地松猝倒病病原菌为靶标菌,测定4种荧光假单胞菌拮抗菌株对其的抑制效果及各拮抗菌株在湿地松根部的定殖能力。结果表明:Q2-87、2-79、1M1-96对湿地松猝倒病的3个病原菌均表现出一定的抑制效果,而Pf-5几乎无抑制作用。在室内防治试验中,2-79、Q2-87、Pf-5表现出一定的防病效果,但在室外均未表现出防病效果。4种拮抗菌株均可在湿地松根际定殖,但是在根部不同部位的分布并没有规律可循。在定殖过程中,各拮抗菌株在湿地松根部的菌量密度随着时间的延长而增加,在某一时刻达到峰值后数量逐渐减少。     

土壤中木霉的分离纯化以及对植物病原真菌的拮抗研究

从土壤中分离纯化获得3个木霉集合种:哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum),绿色木霉(Trichoder-ma viride)和绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)。用这3种木霉菌分别与小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solania)和番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)作平板对峙培养及显微观察,测定木霉菌对病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明:3种木霉菌对供试的2种病原菌抑菌强度不同,其中绿木霉对小麦纹枯病菌和番茄灰霉病菌都具有较好的拮抗作用;显微观察到木霉菌对病原菌菌丝的缠绕、使病原菌菌丝细胞质变稀薄、菌丝解体等现象。     

甘肃瑞香提取物对8种常见植物病原菌抑菌作用的研究

以串珠镰刀菌、瓜果腐霉、禾谷镰刀菌、细交链格孢、致病疫霉、尖孢镰刀菌、仁果丛梗孢、绿色木霉为供试真菌,用生长速率法和菌丝干质量法对甘肃瑞香提取物的离体抑菌活性进行测定.结果表明:在供试菌种的质量浓度为0.1 g·mL-1时,甘肃瑞香叶的丙酮提取物对8种供试菌菌落生长均有抑制作用,对其中的7种供试菌的抑制作用强,抑制率达...     

木霉菌Td系列菌株代谢产物的室内抑菌谱研究

利用摇床液体发酵、氯仿萃取木霉菌的代谢产物,采用菌丝生长速度法测定了3个木霉菌菌株的发酵代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌、番茄枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、立枯丝核菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米弯胞病菌和花生网斑病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,3个木霉菌株代谢产物对7种病原真菌均具有抑制作用,且抑菌作用强度和抑菌谱存在一定的菌株特异性。木霉菌株Td10的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用最强,Td31的代谢产物对苹果轮纹病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑制作用最强,而Td100的代谢产物对禾谷类镰刀病菌和立枯丝核菌抑制作用较强;3个木霉菌株的代谢产物对花生网斑病菌抑制作用均较弱。     

Cell wall degrading isoenzyme profiles of Trichoderma biocontrol strains show correlation with rDNA species

Species of the fungus Trichoderma, a genus of Hyphomycetes, are ubiquitous in the environment, but especially in soil. They have been used in a wide range of commercial applications including the production of hydrolases and in the biological control of plant diseases. A fundamental part of the Trichoderma antifungal system consists of a series of genes coding for a surprising variety of extracellular cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE). Characterisation and identification of strains at …     

板栗外生菌根中真菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用

【目的】采集板栗园中板栗外生菌根,对其进行真菌的分离、鉴定,并与植物病原菌进行拮抗试验,筛选出具有生防作用的真菌。【方法】以板栗外生菌根为材料筛选单菌落真菌,并利用真菌核糖体RNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列的同源性进行分子鉴定。筛选长势良好的真菌与15种植物病原菌进行四点对峙试验。【结果】从板栗菌根中分离并鉴定了螺旋木霉、钩状木霉、生赤壳等15个属的20个菌种。通过四点对峙试验发现,螺旋木霉和钩状木霉拮抗病原菌种类在13种以上,具有广谱性。【结论】螺旋木霉和钩状木霉拮抗效果较好,可作为候选菌种进行生防菌剂生产。     

丹参内生细菌的抑菌活性研究

DS-1是从丹参叶片中筛选出的一株细菌,为研究其对病原真菌的抑菌效果,本实验采用平板对峙法和生长速率法测定了DS-1菌株及其发酵液对梨黑斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌、小麦赤霉病菌等8种病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明DS-1对这8种病原菌都有很好的抑制作用,其中对梨黑斑病菌的抑菌率达到了90.57%;过滤处理的发酵液对病原菌的抑制率最高达到83.87%,但经过高温处理的发酵液活性出现不同程度的下降。     

松苗猝倒病不同病原物的致病性差异及其生防细菌的筛选

从3个湿地松苗圃土壤中分离出了66株松苗猝倒病的致病真菌,63个菌株为镰孢属真菌,2个为链格孢菌,1个为丝核菌属真菌。对66个真菌菌株进行松苗猝倒病的致病性测定表明:12个真菌菌株为无致病性或弱致病性真菌,17个镰孢属菌株为强致病性真菌,其余37个为中等程度致病性真菌。从湿地松幼苗根系分离到了细菌菌株320株,平皿拮抗测定表明其中的10个菌株对松苗猝倒病病原真菌有强拮抗作用,对松苗猝倒病有较大的生防潜力。16SrDNA序列分析表明这10个生防菌株的分类地位分别是:7株为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,2株为枯草芽孢杆菌,1株为待定种。     

Applications of Trichoderma formulations in crop protection

The choice of active Trichoderma strains is important in designing effective and safe biocontrol applications. Many species of Trichoderma have multiple strategies for fungal antagonism and indirect effects on plant health, such as growth promotion, systemic resistance induction and fertility improvements. Some strains are powerful antibiotic producers, and their suitability for use in biocontrol systems must be carefully assessed. However, many other active strains have no antibiotic cap…