家兔初乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量测定

用琼脂单项免疫扩散法测定家兔初乳免疫球蛋白和补体含量。结果表明,初乳中免疫球蛋白和补体Ｃ３的含量极显著高于常乳（Ｐ＜０．０１）,补体Ｃ４的含量显著高于常乳（Ｐ＜０．０５）;初乳中免疫球蛋白和补体含量于产后２天达到高峰。     

家兔初乳胃动素和累沁素含量测定

用放射免疫法测定家兔乳汁胃动素和胃泌素的含量，结果表明，初乳中胃动素和胃泌素含量（１９９．５４ｎｇ／Ｌ，１６８．２１ｎｇ／Ｌ）均极显著高于常乳（１４５．６９ｎｇ／Ｌ，１１８．５３ｎｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

家兔初乳溶菌酶含量测定

采用琼脂平板法测定家兔初乳溶菌酶含量。结果表明，初乳溶菌酶含量为（７．９６±２．０１） μｇ／ｍ Ｌ，常乳溶菌酶含量（５．０１±１．３２）μｇ／ｍ Ｌ，两者比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

水牛初乳和常乳中锌、铁、铜含量的动态变化

 采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对摩本杂水牛（摩拉水牛×德宏水牛）初乳和常乳中Zn、Fe、Cu等三种微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明,在第1 、2 d的初乳中Zn含量显著高于其余几天的初乳和常乳（P<0.05）,第3 d开始Zn含量接近常乳,在3 d至90 d之间稍有波动,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。Fe和Cu含量随泌乳进行逐渐降低,其在初乳中的含量均高于常乳,常乳之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。其中第1 d初乳中Fe含量显著高于第7 d （P<0.05）,而与其余几天初乳相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,第1、2 d初乳中Fe含量均显著或极显著高于常乳（P<0.05）;第1 d初乳中Cu含量显著高于第3、5 d的初乳（P<0.05）,与第2、7 d相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,第1、2 d初乳中Cu含量极显著高于常乳（P<0.01）。研究显示水牛初乳中Zn、Fe、Cu等三种微量元素的含量大都高于常乳,反映了乳腺在初乳期矿物质的分泌特点。     

自发性瘫痪猕猴的血液生化分析

测定分析了四自发性后肢瘫痪猕猴和十例正常猴的三十条项血液生化指标，比较研究了养条件下瘫痪猕猴的血液生化代谢特征。结果表明：瘫痪猕猴的血钙、血锰、血糖和血铁均明显低于正常猕猴（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血清碱性磷酸酶活性也明显高于正常猕猴（Ｐ＜０．０１）；与心、脑血管系统栓塞性病变有关的酶及血脂均与正常猴无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血清免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ）及补体（Ｃ３和Ｃ４）均明显高于正常猴（Ｐ＜０     

奶牛隐性乳房炎发病规律的研究

自１９９６年１月至１９９７年３月,对苏州市牛奶公司泌乳母牛进行隐性乳房炎的ＳＭＴ逐月检测。结果显示：阳性牛奶的分布无明业季度性,但存在牛群差异性,而新感染发病率与季度有明显关系（Ｐ〈０．０１）,以三,四季度为高,３,４胎牛发病率显著高于其它胎次（Ｐ〈０．０１）;左侧乳区发病率显著高于右侧乳区（Ｐ〈０．０１）,处于３～４泌乳月和第９个泌乳月以上牛新感染率也高于其它牛,提示：乳牛隐性乳房炎的发生与环境     

苜蓿替代乳牛日粮中部分粗饲料的效益评估

４０头泌乳荷斯坦牛随机等分为４组，其中１组饲喂基础日粮作为对照，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别以１、２、３ｋｇ苜蓿干草替代等量的秸秆，于试验初期和末期测定血液学指标（ＲＢＣ、ＷＢＣ、ＭＣＶ和ＭＣＨ）、乳脂率、乳比重和乳干物质含量，记录每头乳牛日产奶量。结果表明，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的日增奶量明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），乳脂率略有增高（Ｐ〉０．０５），各组血学指标、乳比重和乳干物质含量无明显变化。每头日添加２ｋｇ苜蓿干     

牛初乳中常规成分及免疫球蛋白含量的测定

对得益乳业牛场的中国荷斯坦奶牛1-7d内初乳中的常规成分及免疫球蛋白含量进行测定。结果表明：牛初乳中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、灰分、密度以及免疫球蛋白含量均在分娩后48h内发生显著变化（P〈0．05），72h后趋于平稳，到第5天时乳中各种营养成分接近常乳水平（P〉0．05）。     

饲喂百奥美速酵源对荷斯坦乳牛产奶量及乳品质的影响

饲喂百奥美速酵源试验组头日产奶量比对照组增２．０１千克，提高７．１％，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；试验组乳脂率和乳千物质率显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。试验组乳脂量、乳干物质量极显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；经济效益分析表明投入产出比为１：４。     

脱脂初乳与常乳在牛冷冻精液中的应用研究

本试验通过在稀释液Ⅰ液中用脱脂初乳或脱脂常乳部分或全部替代柠檬酸钠液,以研究其对牛精液冷冻效果的影响。试验结果表明：当完全以脱脂初乳或脱脂常乳替代柠檬酸钠液后,虽然各试验组与对照组间冻后精子活力差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）,但精子总存活时间与顶体完整率有显著提高（Ｐ＜００５）,尤以脱脂初乳为最好（Ｐ＜００１）。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.