黄牛源Fh/Fg杂合型片形吸虫的鉴定

为弄清黄牛感染的片形吸虫种类,首先对来自河南济源市一肉牛屠宰场黄牛肝脏上的片形吸虫进行形态学观察,然后基于核糖体ITS1、ITS2区域和线粒体nad1、cox1基因序列进行分子鉴定。ITS1和ITS2序列分析结果显示,济源黄牛源片形吸虫分离株JY003和JY004为Fh/Fg杂合型片形吸虫。基于nad1和cox1基因序列,JY003和JY004与大片形吸虫的相似性高于肝片形吸虫,其中nad1序列与大片形吸虫中国云南、日本和韩国分离株的相似性高达100%。在基于nad1和cox1基因的进化树上,分离株均与大片形吸虫参考株处于同一分支。结果表明,首次从河南黄牛体内鉴定出Fh/Fg杂合型片形吸虫,为动物和人的片形吸虫病防控提供重要的基础数据。     

山羊腔阔盘吸虫的形态学观察和分子鉴定

为了从形态学和分子水平对山羊腔阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema coelomaticum)的种类鉴定提供依据,对采集自广东佛山发病山羊胰脏的阔盘吸虫在形态学观察的基础上,抽提虫体基因组DNA,通过PCR方法对虫体核糖体18SrRNA基因和线粒体cox1基因进行扩增,将产物与pMD18-T载体连接,转化到大肠埃希菌DH5α感受态细胞进行克隆、测序和序列分析。结果获得虫体18SrRNA基因的大小为1 922bp,线粒体cox 1基因大小为444bp。序列分析显示,获得的18SrRNA基因与GenBank收录的腔阔盘吸虫(E.coelomaticum,登录号为DQ401035)同源性高达99%;线粒体cox1基因与GenBank收录的胰阔盘吸虫(E.pancreaticum,登录号为KC535544)的同源性仅为90%。研究结果从分子水平证明采集自广东佛山山羊体的阔盘吸虫为腔阔盘吸虫(E.coelomaticum),对山羊阔盘吸虫病的防控有指导意义。     

山羊源枝睾阔盘吸虫的形态和分子鉴定

为鉴定采自西昌市6只山羊体内的小型吸虫的种类,本研究采用传统的形态学观察和PCR方法对其进行种类鉴定。经形态学观察,发现采自6只山羊体内的吸虫与枝睾阔盘吸虫形态相似;对6个样本虫株cox1基因部分序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定,并用cox1序列构建其与其他吸虫的系统发育关系。测序结果显示所获得的吸虫cox1基因片段大小为429 bp,6个虫株的同源性为97.7%~99.8%;构建的NJ系统发育树显示6个虫株与胰阔盘吸虫的亲缘关系最近。因此,结合形态学观察结果,将分离的6个小型吸虫虫株均鉴定为枝睾阔盘吸虫。研究结果为枝睾阔盘吸虫病的分子诊断、分子流行病学调查的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

我国片形吸虫(Fasciola)线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I基因(cox1)部分序列的多态性

用γ^33P对引物进行标记，对来自国内不同地区不同宿主的片形吸虫(Fasciola)的线粒体基因组细胞色素氧化酶亚基I基因(pcox1)部分序列进行PCR扩增及DNA单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析，结果76个虫体均成功地扩增出约450bp的基因片段；SSCP分析显示，不同地区或同一地区的不同样品在pcox1的SSCP带型上存在多态性；代表性样品的测序结果表明，其碱基序列存在差异。试验结果显示，我国片形吸虫pcox1序列种内变异不明显，种间变异显著．表明cox1序列可以作为片形吸虫分类鉴定中一个可靠的遗传标记。     

4种药物治疗青海半细毛羊肝片吸虫效果观察

肝片吸虫是反刍动物片形吸虫病中常见病之一,片形吸虫病是由肝片吸虫和大片吸虫寄生于反刍动物肝脏和胆管中所引起的一种寄生虫病。大片吸虫病主要发生在南方地区,而肝片吸虫病散发于全国各地,尤其西北地区较为普遍,养羊地     

河南中牟县奶牛片形吸虫感染情况调查及种类鉴定

利用尼龙袋集卵法对奶牛粪便中的虫卵收集、镜检,利用PCR技术对片形吸虫分离株线粒体nad1基因序列进行扩增与分析。结果显示:13份样品检测为阳性,阳性率5.41%(13/240),13个分离株nad1序列长度基本一致,为442~446 bp;通过种系发育分析结果显示,中牟县奶牛片形吸虫种类主要为肝片吸虫和大片吸虫,优势虫种为大片吸虫。说明中牟县奶牛片形吸虫流行情况较为严峻,需要引起当地防疫部门和养殖户的注意。     

RAPD与形态学对片形吸虫种类鉴别的比较研究

通过形态学特征观察与随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术，对国内外8株片形吸虫（Fasciola)作比较鉴别。形态典型的6株肝片形吸虫（F.hepatica)和1株大片形吸虫（F.gigantica)两种方法结果。南京的1株不典型虫种（F.sp)，其形态特征类似日本中间种／印度片形吸虫（F.indica),RAPD检测则与大片形吸虫聚类，差异仅0．255，亲缘于大片形吸虫，是一株形态不典型的大片形吸虫。比较表明，形态学方法能简单易行正确地判定典型片形吸虫，但难以识别中间种或亲缘种；RAPD技术则从分子遗传变异水平上鉴别虫种，有利于对中间种或亲缘种的识别及新种的发现，两者具有相互不可替代的相辅相成作用。     

山区半山区羊肝片吸虫病感染情况调查与分析

肝片(形)吸虫病又叫肝蛭病,是由肝片吸虫和大片吸虫寄生在羊的肝脏胆管中引起的疾病.肝片吸虫病是牛、羊、骆驼的主要寄生虫病之一,它的病原体属片形科片形属的肝片形吸虫和大片形吸虫.     

肝蛭散治疗山羊肝片吸虫病的临床试验研究

山羊肝片吸虫病是反刍兽片形吸虫病中常见病之一。片形吸虫病是由肝片吸虫和大片吸虫寄生于反刍兽的肝脏和胆管中所引起的一种寄生虫病。大片吸虫病主要发生于南方各地。而肝片吸虫病散发于全国各地,尤以我国北方区域较为普遍,在养羊区常呈地方流行或散发,该病可导致发病羊生产     

片形吸虫第一内转录间隔区DNA多态性的研究

以不同地区的片形吸虫虫株为研究对象，经PCR扩增出了ITS-1部分基因片段，采用单链构象多态性(SSCP)方法，并结合序列分析研究了不同地区片形吸虫ITS-1 DNA的多态性。不同地区的样品经SSCP分析，显示3种带型，第1种为大片形吸虫的带型，第2种为肝片形吸虫的带型，第3种为2种带形的混合带型。广西区样品和大部分贵州省样品属于大片形吸虫带型；四川省、黑龙江省和部分贵州省样品为混合带型；南京市和甘肃省样品为肝片形吸虫带型或混合带型。测序结果表明，根据ITS-1基因的序列变异位点可区分2种片形吸虫；表现为混合带型的样品在变异位点具有多态性。本研究结果显示，ITS-1片段可作为遗传标记用以区分大片形吸虫和肝片形吸虫，同时也证实，在我国除了这2种片形吸虫外，还可能存在着“中间型”的片形吸虫。     

Intestinal parasites of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from southwest British Columbia.

This is the first extensive survey of metazoan parasites (particularly of the roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis) from the intestines of raccoons in British Columbia. The sample collected in 1997-1998 consisted of 82 raccoons that had been sick or had been killed accidentally by automobiles. Fifteen parasite taxa were found: 3 nematodes, 9 digenetic trematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 1 cestode. Ten of these parasites constitute new host records for raccoons, including 4 digenetic trematodes that have been reported in marine birds and mammals on the Pacific Coast of North America. Baylisascaris procyonis infected 61% of the raccoons with a mean intensity of 27. The high rate of infection indicates a large potential for environmental contamination and, thus, human and animal exposure to infectious eggs. Prevention of larva migrans is discussed, particularly for people in contact with raccoons in wildlife rehabilitation centers.     

中华双腔吸虫线粒体cox1基因的克隆及序列分析

以从中国甘肃玛曲牦牛胆管中采集的3条中华双腔吸虫作为研究对象,用引物JB3及JB4.5扩增中华双腔吸虫的线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1),并用pcox1序列构建其与其它吸虫的进化关系。将测定获得序列应用Clustal X 1.81程序进行比对,然后用Phylip 3.67程序MP法,并用Puzzle 5.2程序构建最大似然树。所获得的3个中华双腔吸虫样品pcox1序列长度一致,均为355 bp。种系发育分析表明,3个中华双腔吸虫样品位于同一分枝。本研究系首次报道中华双腔吸虫的线粒体cox1序列,从而为进一步研究中华双腔吸虫进一步的分类、鉴定和遗传变异研究奠定了基础。     

Eurytrema procyonis in a New York fox

A fox infected with canine distemper virus had multiple Eurytrema procyonis trematodes within the major pancreatic duct. The ductal epithelium was slightly hyperplastic and there was mild periductal fibrosis present. There was dilatation of the pancreatic duct containing the parasites. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the epithelium of multiple organs, including the pancreatic ducts.     

中华拟德氏吸虫与日本血吸虫的RAPD遗传标志分析

中华拟德氏吸虫(Paradeontacylix sinensis)是冷血吸虫,日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)是温血吸虫的重要代表。分别对中华拟德氏吸虫和日本血吸虫成虫的全基因组进行随机扩增多态性研究,筛选出31种随机引物,对2种成虫扩增得到189条多态性基因片断,S6、S46对中华拟德氏吸虫全基因组有特异性,分别扩增出一条大小约399bp和695bp的特异性强条带;引物S2对日本血吸虫基因组有特异性,只扩增1条1670bp的特异性强条带。多数引物对中华拟德氏吸虫和日本血吸虫成虫全基因组扩增出大小相似的条带,推测中华拟德氏吸虫与日本血吸虫的亲缘关系密切。     

Molecular detection of an Ehrlichia-like agent in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Northern California

Ehrlichia DNA was identified by nested PCR in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected from a creek in northern California where Potomac horse fever is endemic. Ehrlichia DNA was found in tissues from several organs including the gills, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestine of trout and from three different adult digenetic trematodes (Deropegus sp., Crepidostomum sp., Creptotrema sp.) parasitizing the gallbladder and/or the intestine of the trout. Sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA from the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the source organism was most closely related to the sequences of E. risticii (level of sequence similarity 96.0%), the SF agent (95.9%), E. sennetsu (95.8%), and Neorickettsia helminthoeca (95.3%). The data suggest that trout and parasitic trematodes may be involved in the epidemiology of an Ehrlichia-like agent belonging to the E. sennetsu genogroup. Whether the fish agent infects horses, dogs, or human beings, and whether it causes disease, remain to be determined.     

Helminths of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Bashkir ASSR

Guinea fowl from different regions of Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (BASSR) were examined for helminths. Of the 547 fowl examined, 451 (82.4%) harboured at least one species of helminth. A total of 56,772 helminths were collected and classified. Of this number seven were found to be trematodes, 25 cestodes and 56,740 nematodes. Five species of helminths were identified. Amongst infected birds, trematodes were present in three (0.7%), cestodes in eight (1.8%) and nematodes in 451 (100%). Of all recorded helminths, the incidence of Heterakis gallinarum (Gmelin, 1790) was highest. Pre-patent periods for seven species of trematodes were observed in guinea fowl for the first time.     

Parasites of livestock in Asir Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia

Thirteen parasite species, three trematodes, five cestodes, one nematode, and four arthropods, have been reported in livestock in Asir, southwestern Saudi Arabia. The occurrence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in imported sheep and Paramphistomum cervi in indigenous cattle is recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia.     

DIELDRIN POISONING AND BOTULISM IN AUSTRALIAN PELICANS (PELECANUS CONSPICILLATUS)

SUMMARY Autopsies and laboratory examinations of material from 24 Australian pelicans found sick or dead in southern coastal Queensland in 1977 to 1979 revealed dieldrin poisoning in 8 from the Brisbane region and botulism in 8 from Brisbane. Bundaberg and Gladstone. In those diagnosed as dieldrin poisoning, brain and liver samples contained 12.1 to 27.4 and 34.0 to 48.1 mg/kg dieldrin respectively. All of these birds were emaciated, 2 had convulsed and 1 had muscle tremors. Low and probably insignificant residues of DDE were detected in many birds. Type C botulism was confirmed in 4 of the 6 birds tested with specific antiserums. A large number of parasites including mites, lice, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, coccidia and Sarcocystis sp were found but were thought to have had only a limited effect on the health of these birds.     

Immunity of schistosomes using heterologous trematode antigens--a review

This review summarizes the field of cross-protection in schistosomiasis due to other parasitic infections and with subcellular fractions of the parasite trematodes. Regarding parasitic infections, the clearest evidence of cross-protection to Schistosoma mansoni was found with the trematodes, particularly with Fasciola hepatica. Evidence was also presented which demonstrated that the protective F. hepatica worm antigens were those which bound to antibodies to S. mansoni, and that as antigen purification proceeded, smaller amounts were required to obtain significantly high levels of protection. These 2 factors, cross-reactivity and improved protection with increasing antigen purity (and possibly improved immunogenicity), are both supportive of an immunological basis for protection against S. mansoni. A Fasciola/Schistosoma-defined immunity cross-reactive antigen from F. hepatica worms was isolated and designated as FhSmIII(M). An antiserum to this antigen was developed and used as a probe to detect the presence of this antigen (or its determinants) in different extracts of parasitic trematodes. In this manner, it was possible to demonstrate that FhSmIII(M) (or at least some of its determinants) were found on (or in) S. mansoni, S. bovis and Paragonimus westermani. Since mice immunized with P. westermani worm extracts acquire resistance to challenge with S. mansoni cercariae, a common link of cross-protection to the parasitic trematodes is suggested; i.e., FhSmIII(M). Although immunity to schistosomes is undoubtedly multifactorial, the demonstration of a common protective antigen (or determinant) will provide a handle for the evaluation of additional candidate protective antigens.