禽波氏杆菌分离株的16S rRNA基因序列分析

采用PCR方法对本实验室分离保存的10株禽波氏杆菌、3株兔支气管败血波氏杆菌及1株猪支气管败血波氏杆菌菌株,扩增其16SrRNA基因的5′端片段（783bp）,并测定所得片段的DNA序列。用DNAStar分析软件将所获得的序列与GenBank中的禽波氏杆菌序列进行比较,由此构建禽波氏杆菌菌株的系统发育树。结果显示,10株禽波氏杆菌核苷酸序列与GenBank中收录的AF177666株禽波氏杆菌核苷酸序列的同源性为82.0%～82.5%,与兔支气管败血波氏杆菌和猪支气管败血波氏杆菌核苷酸序列的同源性均为99.2%～99.9%,其中P9（山鸡波氏杆菌）、P11（兔支气管败血波氏杆菌）与P14（猪支气管败血波氏杆菌）分别发生1个核苷酸的缺失。本试验结果表明,16SrRNA序列分析是鉴定禽波氏杆菌的一种快速而准确的方法。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

应用16S rRNA基因测序法对兔支气管败血波氏杆菌标准株和分离的5株波氏杆菌进行了16S rRNA基因序列分析。结果表明,5株分离菌与标准株同源性在99.4%~100%之间。后经Blast分析各分离株与已发表的32株波氏杆菌同源性均在98%以上。进一步的生化试验鉴定表明标准株与分离菌株生化反应结果均符合兔支气管败血波氏杆菌生化反应特征。综合各种试验结果表明5株分离菌株均为兔支气管败血波氏杆菌。     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定及其免疫原性检测

2004年,山东省某一大型养兔场的20~30日龄幼兔突然大批发病死亡。病兔早期精神不振,多数病兔鼻腔流出脓性鼻液,随着病程的延长逐渐表现为呼吸困难,并出现鼻鼾声,以体况瘦弱,腹泻为主要症状。从中主要分离到4株细菌,根据其形态学特性、培养特性、生化特性、血清学反应特性等将分离菌鉴定为兔支气管败血波氏杆菌。然后对所分离到的兔支气管败血波氏杆菌菌株进行(G+C)mol%含量的测定以及16SrRNA的扩增,结果(G+C)mol%含量为61.7%~62.4%,与Kersters K结果相符(61.6%~62.6%);而该菌16SrRNA核苷酸序列与GenBank中收录的AF177666株禽波氏杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为82.7%,与本实验室保存的禽波氏杆菌及兔败血波氏杆菌参考菌株S80103株同源性高,分别为99.7%和99.9%。利用所分离到的兔支气管败血波氏杆菌菌株制备免疫原,通过免疫孕前母兔,使仔兔获得母源抗体,而使幼仔兔获得早期保护,效果较好。     

应用16S rRNA基因测序法鉴定兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的研究

应用16S rRNA基因测序法对兔支气管败血波氏杆菌Bb-1株进行了16SrRNA基因序列分析。结果表明,能够扩增出与预期结果相符合的片断。经Blastn比较,分离菌与兔支气管败血波氏杆菌RB50株（BX640449）同源性为99．8％。进一步的生化实验鉴定表明,Bb-1株生化反应结果符合兔支气管败血波氏杆菌生化反应特征。综合各种实验结果表明,分离菌Bb-1株为兔支气管败血波氏杆菌。     

兔波氏杆菌分离鉴定及基于16S rRNA基因序列分析

从2012—2013年多个兔场送检的鼻炎病死兔病料中分离出12株细菌,根据其染色形态、培养特性、生化特性确定为兔波氏杆菌,在此基础上进行兔波氏杆菌16S rRNA基因扩增及序列分析。结果显示:分离株16S rRNA基因序列与GenBank中已公布的波氏杆菌属相关菌株序列同源性均达到了99%以上,进一步证明分离的菌株为兔波氏杆菌。结果表明:从浙江省鼻炎病死兔分离获得的12株病原菌为兔波氏杆菌,该菌的分离及其特性鉴定为浙江省兔波氏杆菌病防控提供理论依据。     

动物园野生动物支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定与系统发育树的构建

采用Biolog和16SrRNA基因序列分析法对分离自北京动物园的8株支气管败血波氏杆菌进行了鉴定。菌株经纯化培养,用Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行了鉴定,结果表明,8株菌株为支气管败血波氏杆菌。菌株经纯化培养,采用菌落PCR方法进行16SrRNA基因序列扩增,扩增产物纯化后直接进行测序。序列经人工校对后用ClustalX1.83软件进行比对分析,最后用Mega3.1软件构建系统发育树,系统发育分析结果表明,8株菌株与支气管败血波氏杆菌DSM10303的同源性达到了99.9%,并在同一个分支内。     

奇异变形杆菌分离株23S rRNA序列分析

通过PCR反应扩增7株鸡奇异变形杆菌和1株兔奇异变形杆菌的23SrRNA基因片段(1045bp),经克隆测序,用DNA Star分析软件将所获得的序列与GenBank中收录的奇异变形杆菌、普通变形杆菌以及其他相近属的23S rRNA基因序列进行同源性比较,并由此构建奇异变形杆菌系统进化发生树。结果表示,本实验室保存的7株鸡奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列与GenBank中收录的奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%～99.8%,与兔奇异变形杆菌核苷酸序列同源性为98.8%～99.3%,与普通变形杆菌的核苷酸序列同源性为95.4%～96.2%,而与其他相近属同源性只有92.9%～93.4%。结果表明,23S rRNA基因序列分析可以作为鉴定奇异变形杆菌的一种快速、简便的方法。     

家兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药基因检测

为深入了解兔支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bb）,试验将病兔体内分离得到的菌株进行菌株鉴定、生长曲线测定、致病性研究、药敏试验及耐药基因检测,期望了解该菌的生长规律,为临床用药及防控奠定基础。通过Gram染色镜检、分离培养、16S rDNA序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,测定了该分离株的生长曲线、半数致死量、耐药性并对分离菌株进行β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的检测。结果表明：分离得到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌,命名为P201215,该分离株的16S rDNA基因序列与GenBank中支气管败血波氏杆菌（登录号为NR113628.1）的同源性为99%。分离株的对数生长期为2～9 h,9 h后进入平台期;对KM小鼠的半数致死量为1.19×107 CFU。药敏试验结果显示,分离株对部分头孢菌素类药物耐药,对大部分β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类及氨基糖苷类药物敏感,PCR检测未检出超广谱β-内酰胺酶耐药基因。     

云南鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白A 及16S rRNA序列分析

为了探讨鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)云南流行株的外膜蛋白A (OmpA)的基因序列差异及其与16S rRNA序列的相关性,PCR扩增18株云南流行株鸭疫里默氏杆菌OmpA基因及16S rRNA核苷酸序列,分别构建其系统进化树,分析其系统进化关系。结果表明,18株鸭疫里默氏杆菌OmpA基因分为2个群,其同源性分别为86%~99.2%和92.6%~100%。18株鸭疫里默氏杆菌16S rRNA基因同属1个群,同源性高达96.1%~100%。 RA-1、RA-2、RA-11和RA-39 4株分离株的OmpA基因位于进化树的同一个亚群,其16S rRNA基因也位于进化树的同一亚群,两者呈现出明显的相关关系,其他14株分离株的OmpA基因系统进化树与16S rRNA基因系统进化树无明显的相关关系。     

猪支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定

从河北廊坊养猪场采集有明显呼吸道症状的猪肺脏进行病原菌分离培养,通过对分离菌株进行形态观察、培养特性、16S r RNA测定,以及支气管败血波氏杆菌fla及Dnt基因PCR鉴定,确定成功分离鉴定到4株猪支气管败血波氏杆菌。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对庆大霉素、替米考星、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星及头孢吡肟高度敏感。对小鼠具有一定致病性。     

由禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌共感染为主所致鸡胚发病死亡的生物学鉴定

2010年,辽宁铁岭某种鸡孵化场出现孵化率低、死淘率高的现象。通过对送检病死鸡胚进行病原检测,最终检测出5株革兰阴性杆菌和3种病毒,其中禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的检出率分别为76．44％、61.36％,两者混合感染率达51．83％,而其他病原菌（大肠杆菌、沙门菌、绿脓杆菌）和病毒（AI,V、REV、CIAV）的检出率均较低。采用1对根据病原菌23SrRNA基因的共同保守序列设计的引物,以及根据临床常见致病菌16s～23SrRNA基因间隔序列（ISR）两端的16S及23SrRNA保守序列而设计的通用引物分别对分离菌进行PCR扩增。并分别测定所得片段的DNA序列。结果显示,所得DNA片段分别与GenBank中收录的登录号为HM545299的禽波氏杆菌和登录号为AY993943的奇异变形杆菌的相应核苷酸序列同源性达99．5％和98．7％。本研究最终确定禽波氏杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的混合感染是引起该场疫情发生的主要原因。     

Isolation of Bordetella avium from poultry

Four Australian isolates of Gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Alcaligenes faecalis. The Australian isolates were identified as Bordetella avium. A routine procedure for the identification of this recently recognised poultry pathogen is described.     

Isolation and characterisation of Bordetella avium and related species and an evaluation of their role in respiratory disease in poultry

A total of 24 Gram negative non fermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and a Bordetella avium-like organism. Thirteen isolates were identified as B. avium and 11 were identified as B. avium-like. A commercial microidentification kit (the API2ONE) did not identify the field isolates but did separate them correctly into the 2 groups. A practical identification scheme, suitable for diagnostic laboratories, is proposed for these organisms. The available clinical histories suggest that B. avium is associated with upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys.     

兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药基因检测

本试验旨在了解近年来浙江省兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的感染情况及耐药状况,指导合理用药,检测细菌的耐药基因,探究其耐药机理.根据细菌形态、培养特性、生化试验,结合PCR法对分离菌株进行鉴定;K-B纸片扩散法检测细菌对18种常用抗生素的耐药率;设计耐药基因特异性引物,PCR法扩增耐药基因,并进行测序分析.结果显示,分离鉴定出2012-2014年22株兔支气管败血波氏杆菌;药敏结果显示,分离菌对青霉素G、头孢拉定、链霉素、林可霉素、克林霉素、甲氧嘧啶耐药严重,对多黏菌素B、左氟沙星、强力霉素、四环素等药物敏感,耐β-内酰胺类药物的细菌中检测到耐药基因bla_TEM.结果表明,兔支气管败血波氏杆菌是引起兔呼吸道疾病的主要病原菌,分离菌多重耐药,耐药率较高,检测到的耐药基因与耐药表型相符.     

Turkey coryza: selected tests for detection and neutralization of Bordetella avium heat-labile toxin

Bordetella avium heat-labile toxin (HLT) was lethal for poults, mice, and embryonating chicken eggs. It produced hemorrhagic lesions in turkey and guinea pig skin. Antiserum made in turkeys neutralized the lethality of the toxin and its ability to produce hemorrhagic skin lesions. Further, antiserum against HLT of an Ohio strain neutralized lethality of HLT of strains from Iowa, North Carolina, and West Germany. The antiserum did not neutralize lethality of HLT from B. bronchiseptica. Bordetella avium HLT was not ciliostatic for turkey tracheal-ring cultures and did not stimulate adenyl cyclase activity using mouse adrenal cell cultures.     

An evaluation of two methods of substrate alkalinization for the identification of Bordetella avium and other similar organisms

The effect of using two different techniques for the detection of substrate alkalinization by Bordetella avium and reference strains of Alcaligenes faecalis and B. bronchiseptica was evaluated. The techniques used were those described by Otto and Pickett and Hinz et al. Each test was in tubes sealed by either screw caps or cotton wool plugs. The alkalinization patterns obtained depended upon both the technique and the type of seal used.     

Detection of urease-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica from the field

Four urease-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates originating from pigs were examined by phenotypic and molecular methods. The phenotypic properties of the isolates were in harmony with the data of the literature, except for the lack of urease activity in conventional tube test, API 20 NE and Diatabs? assays. Using genotypic methods, the urease-negative isolates did not differ from the urease-positive reference strain. They were positive in species-specific and ureC PCR, and all strains showed uniform bands in PCR-RFLP studies of flaA genes. The reason for the lack of urease activity, a characteristic considered species specific for B. bronchiseptica, needs to be studied further. The finding underlines the significance of genotyping when the phenotypic identification of B. bronchiseptica seems questionable.     

Isolation and characterization of Bordetella avium plasmids

Experiments were conducted to study the plasmids of Bordetella avium, B. avium-like, and B. bronchiseptica isolates from turkeys and the plasmids of the Art-Vax commercial vaccine strain. Plasmids were observed in 6 of 20 B. avium isolates, in 6 of 20 B. avium-like isolates, in all 5 B. bronchiseptica isolates, and in the Art-Vax strain. Plasmids of B. avium correlated with resistance to antibiotics but not with pathogenicity, hemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes, or expression of pili.