清髓愈疽丹对血栓闭塞性脉管炎模型大鼠血栓相关因子的影响

通过人工建立血栓闭塞性脉管炎大鼠模型，结合病理学切片结果，利用荧光定量PCR和ELISA方法检测病变组织中的Icam-1、Vcam-1和血清中的血栓素B2（TXB2）、抗内皮细胞抗体（AECA）的含量。结果表明清髓愈疽丹能够通过有效地降低Icam-1、Vcam—1、TXB2、AECA的含量，抑制淋巴细胞、白细胞的浸润和血小板的黏附聚集，阻止血液高凝状态的形成；延缓损伤内皮处免疫复合物的形成，从而减轻痛变部位的炎症与损伤，因此能抑制血栓的形成，对TAO有确实的疗效。     

蜂胶能治脉管炎

血管病中的"脉管炎"是一种治疗难度很大又极痛苦的病症。脉管炎分血栓闭塞性脈管炎和血栓静脈炎,前者主要发生在肢体的前终端,累及脚趾、     

复方丹参配合普鲁卡因静滴治疗家畜血栓闭塞性脉管炎

家畜血栓闭塞 性脉管炎是外科的一种常见多发病。病重者,如不及时治疗,多预后不良。十余年来,笔者用复方丹参配合普鲁卡因静滴治疗家畜血栓闭塞性脉管炎107例(马41例、牛58例、猪4例、犬4例),治愈103例,好转4例,取得了满意的效果。现将方法介绍如下 1 主症     

运输应激对大鼠空肠形态与热休克蛋白家族mRNA表达的影响

本试验以SD大鼠为试验动物,利用摇床模拟公路运输过程中的摇晃、高温、噪音、饥渴、拥挤、碰撞6个主要的刺激因子,构建了大鼠运输应激模型.应激条件为60 r/min,35℃,每天应激2h.体重为270±20 g,20只SD大鼠被随机均分为4组:对照组、应激1d组、应激2d组、应激3d组.在应激结束后,应激组大鼠体温均显著升高(P＜0.05),体重显著下降(P＜0.05),血清中皮质醇含量显著升高(P＜0.05).试验结果与实际公路运输结果一致,表明运输应激模型构建成立.形态学研究显示,运输应激造成了大鼠空肠组织损伤,与对照组相比从应激第1天到应激第3天空肠绒毛脱落逐渐加剧.荧光定量PCR研究结果则显示,Hsp27,Hsp70和Hsp90 mRNA的表达量也剧烈的升高.本试验研究表明,随着应激时间增加,大鼠空肠损伤逐渐加重,且Hsps mRNA表达量升高,表明Hsps的表达量与运输应激造成空肠的损伤严重程度有关.运输应激后表达量急剧升高的保护性分子Hsps,是动物抵抗运输应激的重要机制之一.     

大鼠急性冷应激模型的建立

通过分析冷刺激对大鼠血清中细胞因子、皮质酮(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的含量以及外周血淋巴细胞中热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)表达量的影响,构建大鼠急性冷应激模型,旨在为其相关研究提供研究基础。本试验急性冷刺激时间为12h。利用ELISA方法检测各组大鼠血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、CORT、ACTH的含量;采用Western blot和qRT-PCR方法检测各组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞中HSP70及mRNA表达量。结果表明,与对照组相比,急性冷刺激组大鼠血清中IL-2和ACTH的含量显著升高(P0.05),IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α和CORT的含量极显著升高(P0.01),IL-10无显著变化(P0.05);外周血淋巴细胞内HSP70及其mRNA表达量呈显著升高水平(P0.05)。成功构建大鼠急性冷应激模型。     

白细胞介素-1β siRNA联合骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠类风湿性关节炎治疗效果的研究

本研究探讨了白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-1β在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)发病中的作用,并评估IL-1β-siRNA联合骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)治疗RA的效果。首先建立Ⅱ型胶原诱导关节炎(CIA)大鼠模型,然后将成功建立的模型大鼠随机分为3组,分别注射PBS,IL-1β-siRNA以及IL-1β-siRNA联合BMSCs,注射1、2、3、4周后分别检测大鼠形态学、行为学、组织病理学和免疫学的变化情况,综合评估IL-1β-siRNA联合BMSCs治疗RA的效果。结果显示,与正常对照组大鼠相比,CIA模型组大鼠体重增长、强迫游泳挣扎时间以及脾脏组织中转化生长因子-β(TGF-β1)和叉头状螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)mRNA表达均显著降低,并呈现典型的关节炎症状,而足趾肿胀值、强迫游泳不动时间及血清中IL-1β水平均显著升高,表明RA大鼠模型构建成功,且IL-1β可能与RA的发病密切相关。在治疗试验中,与PBS注射组大鼠相比,IL-1β-siRNA以及IL-1β-siRNA联合BMSCs协同注射均可以显著提高大鼠体重增长、强迫游泳挣扎时间及脾脏组织中TGF-β1和Foxp3 mRNA表达水平,并显著降低足趾肿胀值、强迫游泳不动时间和血清IL-1β水平,并且IL-1β-siRNA联合BMSCs协同治疗效果显著优于IL-1β-siRNA单独治疗组。本研究结果说明Ⅱ型胶原蛋白可成功诱导大鼠RA模型,IL-1β可能在RA的发病中起重要作用,IL-1β-siRNA联合BMSCs协同治疗可以增强RA的治疗效果,从而为基因联合细胞治疗RA提供了理论基础。     

硬皮病动物模型及其应用研究进展

硬皮病是一种以组织纤维化、闭塞性血管炎和产生大量自身抗体为特征的结缔组织病,病因及发病机制至今尚未完全明了,尚无理想的治疗药物和方法。该文对建立硬皮病模型动物的选择进行了比较,介绍了应用博来霉素诱导Balb/c小鼠产生硬皮病样病变以及应用V型胶原重塑新西兰兔硬皮病样改变等建立硬皮病模型的方法,对应用这两种动物模型研究硬皮病发病机制和中药临床治疗研究概况进行了综述。     

补中益气丸对糖尿病大鼠NO、PGs、MAN1A1相关胃黏膜损伤的修复

选用SD大鼠建立糖尿病胃黏膜损伤模型,动态观察补中益气丸对糖尿病大鼠NO、α-甘露糖苷酶(MAN1A1)、PGs和AMS的影响,探讨糖尿病状态下胃黏膜损伤的发病机制及补中益气丸的作用.通过比色法和ELISA法检测NO、MAN1A1、PGs和淀粉酶(AMS)动态变化.结果显示,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)结合30％乙醇灌胃方法可制作出糖尿病大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型;补中益气丸可显著降低糖尿病大鼠胃黏膜损伤指数,调节血清NO和胃黏膜前列腺素(PGs)含量,升高血清MAN1A1和AMS活性的作用.结果表明,糖尿病状态下胃黏膜损伤的发病机制可能跟糖尿病状态下的NO、MAN1A1、PGs缺陷有关,补中益气丸对以上异常有显著治疗作用,可能是通过促进NO生成、升高MAN1A1活性,因而促进蛋白N-糖基化.     

DNMT1对RA模型大鼠FLS凋亡的影响

[目的]研究DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)对类风湿性关节炎(RA)模型大鼠关节滑膜成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)凋亡的影响。[方法]采用Real-time qPCR检测对照大鼠和RA模型大鼠FLS中DNMT1表达,检测DNMT1 siRNA转染对抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达的影响;采用MTT检测DNMT1 siRNA转染对FLS增殖的影响。[结果]与对照组相比,RA模型大鼠FLS中DNMT1表达显著升高,DNMT1表达抑制后,Bcl-2表达显著降低;MTT检测发现,DNMT1表达抑制后,FLS增殖活力显著减弱。[结论]DNMT1表达抑制可能引发RA模型大鼠FLS凋亡。     

慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠模型的建立与评价

建立两种慢性肾功能衰竭CRF动物模型:(1)大鼠肾大部分切除诱发肾衰(Platt法);(2)腺嘌呤诱发大鼠慢性肾功能衰竭的动物模型(Yokozawa法)。分别测定血清中血尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Scr)Ca2+、P5+等含量。取肾脏组织,HE染色,观察两种慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠模型肾脏组织的损伤情况。结果模型组大鼠血清中血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)等含量明显升高,HE染色显示两种模型大鼠肾脏组织不同程度的损伤。通过对两种制备方法的可行性和操作性、制备原理、病变特点以及模型应用范围的对比,寻找建立接近临床实际,适用广泛,统一、简便、稳定的CRF动物模型。制作符合人类CRF的动物模型,对研究CRF的发病机理,探讨组织形态的变化与生化指标及临床表现的相互关系,筛选有效药物,阐明疗效机制均有重要作用。     

Labelling of rat endothelial cells with antibodies to vWF, RECA-1, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, OX-43 and ZO-1

Labelling with endothelium specific monoclonal antibodies, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), OX-43 and zonula occludentes-1 (ZO-1), was investigated in cryostat sections of vessels from rats of different ages using a confocal microscope. The results showed that labelling of the vWF was positive in endothelial cells from adult, fetal and different ages of embryonic rat. Labelling with RECA-1 was weakly positive in adult rat aorta and lung endothelial cells but not in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. Labelling using PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and OX-43 was negative in both adult and embryonic endothelial cells. ZO-1 showed positive but very weak reactivity in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. The expression of vWF on vessels from adult and 19.5-day fetal tissues was strongly positive. However, the expression of vWF in embryonic endothelial cells was dependent on the gestational age. While the 11.5-day yolk sac vessels stained weakly, staining gradually increased in 13.5-, 15.5- and 17.5-day-old yolk sac vessels. The results suggest that vWF is a reliable endothelial cell marker in rat vascular endothelial cells, including both fetal and embryonic stages.     

载铜蒙脱石对病原菌黏附Caco-2细胞的影响

为了探讨载铜蒙脱石(MMT-Cu)对大肠杆菌K88和猪霍乱沙门菌的黏附作用,试验采用Ca-co-2细胞培养模型,观察被标记的大肠杆菌K88、猪霍乱沙门菌对载铜蒙脱石的黏附作用;并在培养液中加入载铜蒙脱石,计算其对细菌黏附的阻断率,测定胞内乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放情况。结果表明:测试菌与Caco-2细胞的黏附率分别为13.23%和10.78%;载铜蒙脱石对病原菌黏附Caco-2细胞均有不同程度的阻断作用,对大肠杆菌K88、猪霍乱沙门菌的阻断率分别为67.38%和60.45%,并能极显著降低LDH的释放(P<0.01)。说明载铜蒙脱石可有效阻断病原菌黏附,从而防治肠道细菌感染和细菌移位,可作为一种消化道黏膜保护剂。     

Oleic acid-associated bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in beagle dogs

Accidental intra-airway exposure of dogs with pure oleic acid produced bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchopneumonia. Pulmonary changes included multifocal to coalescing necrosis of bronchioles and adjacent alveoli, hemorrhage, inflammation, and exudation of fibrin. Hyperplasia of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells and proliferation of loose fibrovascular connective tissue formed polyps or plugs of variable size and shape. Polyps in the airways primarily consisted of fibroblasts with loose or myxoid stroma and were variably covered with attenuated epithelial cells. Some polyps had prominent vasculature, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, and/or necrosis. Polyps or plugs variably effaced bronchioles and adjacent alveoli. The changes closely resembled human bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Controlled intra-airway delivery of oleic acid in dogs may be a potential animal model of obstructive pulmonary diseases such as BOOP or bronchiolitis obliterans.     

Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to bovine udder epithelial cells

An assay for the adhesion of tritiated thymidine-labelled Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to bovine mammary ductular epithelial cell lines was developed. The relative adhesion of 15 strains of S. aureus to these cell lines was examined. Four strains did not adhere and the remaining 11 adhered at variable levels. Adhesion to different cell lines was generally similar. Adhesion to freshly collected bovine mammary epithelial cells was significantly greater than that to cells maintained in tissue culture. The system described was demonstrated to be a suitable model for studying adhesion of mastitis-causing organisms to bovine mammary epithelial cells.     

The major bovine mastitis pathogens have different cell tropisms in cultures of bovine mammary gland cells

We previously showed that Staphylococcus aureus cells adhered mainly to an elongated cell type, present in cultures of bovine mammary gland cells. Moreover, we showed that this adhesion was mediated by binding to fibronectin. The same in vitro model was used here, to study adhesion of other important mastitis pathogens. Like the S. aureus strains, the Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains adhered mainly to elongated cells, which seemed to be mediated by fibronectin binding. In contrast, Streptococcus uberis strains adhered mainly to cubic cells. Since the cubic cells did not express fibronectin and S. uberis cells bound fibronectin less efficiently, the adhesion of S. uberis cells was independent of fibronectin binding. Streptococcus agalactiae strains adhered poorly to both cell types. The specificity and efficiency of adhesion of Escherichia coli strains was strongly strain dependent. None of the S. agalactiae and E. coli strains tested was able to bind fibronectin efficiently. The results suggest that the different mastitis pathogens have different target cell specificities and use different mechanisms to adhere to cells of the bovine mammary gland.     

Interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle: concurrent lesions and lack of immunohistochemical evidence for bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection.

The objectives of this study were to describe the nature and distribution of microscopic lung lesions in feedlot cattle with interstitial pneumonia and to determine whether bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) antigen was present in affected lungs. Lungs with macroscopic lesions compatible with interstitial pneumonia were collected from cattle from 5 west-central Saskatchewan feedlots that had been on feed for greater than 60 days at the time of death. Interstitial pneumonia was most consistently present in dorsal portions of caudal lung lobes and in 21/28 cases (75%) had a multifocal to coalescing distribution. All 28 lungs exhibited hyaline membrane formation and some degree of type II alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, consistent with an acute to subacute duration. Twenty-one of 28 cases (75%) had concurrent bronchopneumonia in at least 1 lung lobe; bronchopneumonia was grossly evident in 9/28 cases (32%). Chronic bronchitis or bronchiolitis was present in at least 1 section in 12/28 (43%) of the lungs, and 25/28 (89%) had at least 1 focus of bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans. Bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans were markedly less common in 10 sets of bovine lungs obtained from an abattoir. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry in 2/28 cases and was associated with bronchiolar epithelial necrosis that was more severe than the bronchiolar lesions in the BRSV antigen-negative cases. Interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle in this study was more frequently associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans than with BRSV infection.     

Expression of E-cadherin in pig kidney

E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that plays an important role in maintaining renal epithelial polarity and integrity. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact cellular localization of E-cadherin in pig kidney. Kidney tissues from pigs were processed for light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry, and immunoblot analysis. E-cadhedrin bands of the same size were detected by immunoblot of samples from rat and pig kidneys. In pig kidney, strong E-cadherin expression was observed in the basolateral plasma membrane of the tubular epithelial cells. E-cadherin immunolabeling was not detected in glomeruli or blood vessels of pig kidney. Double-labeling results demonstrated that E-cadherin was expressed in the calbindin D28k-positive distal convoluted tubule and H⁺-ATPase-positive collecting duct, but not in the aquaporin 1-positive, N-cadherin-positive proximal tubule. In contrast to rat, E-cadherin immunoreactivity was not expressed at detectable levels in the Tamm-Horsfall protein-positive thick ascending limb of pig kidney. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that E-cadherin was localized in both the lateral membranes and basal infoldings of the collecting duct. These results suggest that E-cadherin may be a critical adhesion molecule in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells of pig kidney.     

益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917抗逆性能、猪肠上皮细胞黏附率及抑菌效果研究

本试验旨在研究益生菌大肠杆菌Nissle 1917(Ec N)抗逆性能、猪肠上皮细胞黏附率及抑菌效果。采用体外法对Ec N进行生长曲线绘制和耐酸、耐胆盐、耐热性能的测定;以猪肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2细胞为体外细胞模型,考察了Ec N对该细胞的黏附率以及对致病菌大肠杆菌K88的黏附抑制率;同时通过蛋白质印迹法检测了Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4的水平的影响。结果表明:1)Ec N对高酸、高胆盐和高温环境具有一定耐受能力。2)Ec N对IPEC-J2细胞的黏附作用以对数期最佳,黏附率达33.96%,显著高于迟缓期、稳定期和衰亡期(P0.05)。3)Ec N对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制效果,黏附抑制率达87.84%。4)Ec N还能上调IPEC-J2细胞β-防御素-2和Toll样受体4水平。结果提示,益生菌Ec N具有较好的抗逆性能,能够良好地黏附猪肠上皮细胞,对致病菌大肠杆菌K88具有良好的抑制作用。     

不同中药对中性粒细胞迁移微血管内皮细胞后溶菌酶释放量的影响

试验旨在探讨脂多糖（LPS）刺激大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMVECs）对跨内皮迁移中性粒细胞（PMNs）溶菌酶释放量的影响及白头翁、黄连、黄柏、秦皮、马齿苋的干预作用。选取0、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL LPS刺激RIMVECs,采用ELISA法检测12和24 h细胞培养上清液中IL-6水平以确定后续试验所需LPS浓度。建立PMNs跨RIMVECs黏附模型和迁移的Transwell模型,采用细胞计数法、染色法、ELISA方法评价5种中药对LPS刺激RIMVECs后PMNs的黏附情况、迁移率及其溶菌酶释放量的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,10 μg/mL LPS作用RIMVECs后24 h时的IL-6水平极显著升高（P<0.001）;与LPS组相比,黄连、白头翁组的PMNs黏附率显著降低（P<0.05）,溶菌酶释放量极显著升高（P<0.001）,秦皮、白头翁组迁移率显著降低（P<0.05）。提示LPS刺激内皮细胞显著抑制了PMNs杀菌酶的释放,中药黄连、白头翁可以显著减轻这种抑制作用,PMNs杀菌酶的释放可能与内皮细胞的功能完整性有关,本试验为进一步筛选有效中药水溶性成分提供了理论依据。