家蚕蜕皮激素合成相关的细胞色素P450基因的鉴定分析

【目的】昆虫变态发育的启动主要受前胸腺合成分泌的蜕皮激素所调控,而蜕皮激素的合成是由细胞色素P450基因催化完成。家蚕（Bombyx mori）是一种产丝昆虫,蚕业生产中如果能阻断或延迟家蚕蛹变态发育进程,将有利于改进蚕茧处理工艺,提高蚕丝品质。论文旨在鉴定参与家蚕蜕皮激素合成的细胞色素P450基因,从而为人为遗传调节家蚕变态发育提供靶基因。【方法】基于序列同源性比对,筛选家蚕及其他昆虫中参与蜕皮激素合成的P450基因。利用ClustalW软件,分析昆虫蜕皮激素合成相关P450基因的遗传发生关系。通过全基因组表达芯片数据分析及RT-PCR验证,调查家蚕蜕皮激素合成相关P450基因的时空表达特征。利用RNAi技术分析Cyp314a1表达下调对家蚕变态发育的影响。【结果】家蚕基因组中有4个参与家蚕蜕皮激素合成的P450基因,即Cyp306a1、Cyp302a1、Cyp315a1和Cyp314a1。比较分析显示,这4个蜕皮激素合成相关的P450基因在家蚕及其他昆虫中都是单拷贝,而且每个基因的同源体在遗传发生树上能很好地聚成一类,表明昆虫蜕皮激素合成相关的P450基因及其负责的蜕皮激素合成通路非常保守。时空表达谱分析显示,在家蚕幼虫5龄第3天,Cyp302a1、Cyp315a1和Cyp314a1主要在家蚕幼虫卵巢、精巢和头部等组织器官中高表达;在幼虫-蛹-成虫变态发育进程中,Cyp302a1、Cyp315a1和Cyp314a1主要在蛹变态发育后期表达,其中Cyp314a1分别在上簇、化蛹及羽化前高表达,这与蜕皮激素滴度高峰出现的时期基本一致。Cyp314a1的RNAi导致家蚕不能正常化蛹及雌蛾卵巢发育异常,且降低了蜕皮激素信号通路关键基因HR3及Ftz-f1的表达。【结论】家蚕蜕皮激素合成相关的P450基因在进化上非常保守,其表达水平降低能引起家蚕蛹变态发育受阻,暗示蜕皮激素合成相关P450基因可以用作家蚕变态发育控制的靶标基因之一。     

Modification of ocular defects in mouse developmental glaucoma models by tyrosinase

Mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) gene are a common cause of human primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Here we show that Cyp1b1-/- mice have ocular drainage structure abnormalities resembling those reported in human PCG patients. Using Cyp1b1-/- mice, we identified the tyrosinase gene (Tyr) as a modifier of the drainage structure phenotype, with Tyr deficiency increasing the magnitude of dysgenesis. The severe dysgenesis in eyes lacking both CYP1B1 and TYR was alleviated by administration of the tyrosinase product dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). Tyr also modified the drainage structure dysgenesis in mice with a mutant Foxc1 gene, which is also involved in PCG. These experiments raise the possibility that a tyrosinase/l-dopa pathway modifies human PCG, which could open new therapeutic avenues.     

水稻类病斑突变体LM1基因的图位克隆

类病斑坏死突变体（lesion mimic mutant,LMM）是一类表型类似于植物过敏反应的突变体,对植物抵御外界病原菌浸染的抗病机理研究具有重有意义。以水稻突变体库中类病斑突变体lm1为材料,经图位克隆获得突变基因LM1,同时测定了相关生理指标。分析结果表明：与野生型相比,突变体叶片细胞中的丙二醛（MDA）积累水平明显升高,而叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm却显著低于野生型。遗传分析及精细定位显示,lm1突变体表型受一对隐性核基因LOC_Os12g16720控制,并将该基因命名为LM1,LM1位于水稻第12号染色体短臂的着丝粒附近,是SPL1的等位基因, 编码细胞色素P450单加氧酶;LM1突变导致其功能缺失,使植物体内活性氧得到累积,引发细胞程序性死亡并诱导病斑形成。     

P450基因在氯虫苯甲酰胺不同抗性品系小菜蛾中的表达及功能分析

【目的】以十字花科蔬菜害虫小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）为研究对象,筛选参与小菜蛾代谢氯虫苯甲酰胺的主要细胞色素P450解毒基因,为阐明不同抗性水平小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性机理提供依据。【方法】利用叶片药膜法测定不同小菜蛾种群3龄幼虫对氯虫苯甲酰的抗性水平,通过转录组测序、insectbase数据库和小菜蛾基因组数据库筛选得到52个细胞色素P450基因。应用MEGA5.10软件对52个细胞色素P450基因进行进化分析,获得与抗药性密切相关的CYP3和CYP4家族P450基因。利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析目的基因在小菜蛾室内筛选种群（HZY）和田间抗性种群惠州种群（HZ）、连州种群（LZ）、东升种群（DS）、钟落潭种群（ZLT）中的表达量,选用RNA干扰技术,采用注射法,验证在抗性种群中显著上调表达的CYP6BF1V4在小菜蛾抗氯虫苯甲酰胺中的功能。【结果】抗药性测定结果表明,LZ和HZ小菜蛾种群为中等水平抗性,ZLT、DS和HZY小菜蛾种群为高水平抗性。对52个细胞色素P450基因的系统发育树分析发现,小菜蛾拥有10个CYP4家族基因,28个CYP3家族基因,其中2个CYP4家族基因在HZ和HZY种群中的表达量显著高于敏感种群,4个CYP3家族基因表达量与小菜蛾抗性呈正相关,8个基因在中等水平抗性小菜蛾体内的表达量高于在高水平抗性小菜蛾体内的表达量。对田间种群进一步筛选得到6个与小菜蛾抗氯虫苯甲酰胺密切相关,在不同抗性种群中均上调表达的细胞色素P450基因,其中4个为CYP6家族基因（CYP6BF1V4、CYP6BF1V3、CYP6f1和CYP6B6）,2个为CYP9家族基因（CYP9G2.1和CYP9G2.2）,以CYP6BF1V4的表达量最高,其在抗性种群中的表达量是在敏感种群中表达量的3.5—6.3倍。RNA干扰结果显示,沉默CYP6BF1V4能够显著提高小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感性。【结论】CYP6BF1V4、CYP6BF1V3、CYP6f1、CYP6B6、CYP9G2.1和CYP9G2.2可能在小菜蛾体内协同调控多功能氧化酶的表达,从而加快小菜蛾代谢氯虫苯甲酰胺的速度,提高小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性。     

Evidence for a one-allele assortative mating locus

Theoretical models have shown that speciation with gene flow can occur readily via a "one-allele mechanism," where the spread of the same allele within both of two diverging species reduces their subsequent hybridization. Here we present direct genetic evidence for such an allele in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Alleles conferring high or low assortative mating in D. pseudoobscura produce the same effects when inserted into D. persimilis. This observation suggests that the type of genetic variation that is most conducive to controversial modes of speciation with gene flow, such as reinforcement or sympatric speciation, is present in nature.     

小菜蛾细胞色素P450基因的cDNA片段克隆及其序列分析

以小菜蛾[Plutella xylostella(L.)]3龄幼虫(对氰戊菊酯的LC50为38.75 mg/L)的总RNA为模板,利用简并引物,采用反转录-多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增出1个长度为240 bp的cDNA片段。序列分析结果表明,扩增出的cDNA片段与细胞色素P450的Cyp6基因有较高的同源性。     

Characterisation of Neonicotinoid and Pymetrozine Resistance in Strains of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China

Four strains of the Q biotype and one of the B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci collected from China were characterised for resistance to four neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine. Q biotype strains showed moderate to strong resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, but little or no cross-resistance to dinotefuron. Resistance to neonicotinoids was consistently associated with resistance to pymetrozine, despite the latter having a distinct (though unresolved) mode of action. The single B biotype strain proved largely susceptible to all the insecticides investigated. Resistance in the Q biotype strains was associated with over-expression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP6CM1, whose substrate specificity presumably accounts for the observed cross-resistance profiles.     

水稻P450基因Oscyp71Z2增强稻瘟病抗性的机制

【目的】分析水稻细胞色素P450基因Oscyp71Z2在稻瘟病抗性中的作用,并解析其介导的水稻抗稻瘟病机制。【方法】根据高抗稻瘟病转hrf1水稻NJH12表达谱结果,筛选到一个表达量高达114.6倍的细胞色素P450基因Oscyp71Z2（NCBI登录号：Os07g0217600）。根据Oscyp71Z2全长编码区序列设计引物,以水稻模式粳稻品种日本晴的cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增Oscyp71Z2全长编码区序列。将所得的cDNA序列经测序后,与双元表达载体pVec8连接,构建超量表达载体pVec8::Oscyp71Z2。采用冻融法将构建的超量表达载体pVec8::Oscyp71Z2质粒转入农杆菌菌株EHA105,并利用农杆菌转化法获得Oscyp71Z2超表达水稻。常规PCR技术检测T4代Oscyp71Z2超量表达水稻中选择标记基因潮霉素磷酸转移酶编码基因（hygromycin phosphotransferase gene,hph）,并通过qRT-PCR检测超量表达水稻中目的基因Oscyp71Z2的表达量。进一步对阳性超量表达水稻（T4、T5和T6）进行稻瘟病表型鉴定,并检测植保素含量变化（T4）。【结果】RT-PCR和qRT-PCR结果显示,水稻细胞色素P450基因Oscyp71Z2在高抗稻瘟病的转hrf1水稻中有较高的表达,与表达谱数据一致。通过生物信息学分析Oscyp71Z2全长1 554 bp,含有2个细胞色素P450保守结构域,是CYP71Z2亚家族成员。将Oscyp71Z2成功连接到双元载体pVec8,利用农杆菌介导法获得Oscyp71Z2超量表达水稻。超量表达水稻株系在各生育期、株高等性状,与非转基因水稻日本晴基本一致。超量表达株系中Oscyp71Z2的表达量较野生型有显著升高。超量表达水稻的穗颈瘟抗性等级维持在1-2级,表现为抗病或者中抗,而野生型水稻的穗颈瘟等级为3-4级,表现为感病,Oscyp71Z2在水稻中超量表达显著增强了对穗颈瘟的抗性。Oscyp71Z2超量表达株系每克新鲜叶片中植保素MA和PB含量平均是328和124 ng,相对于野生型的85和42 ng•g-1新鲜叶片有显著升高。Oscyp71Z2超量表达株系中涉及到植保素MA和PB合成通路的4个关键基因的表达量较野生型有显著地升高。【结论】水稻细胞色素P450基因Oscyp71Z2通过调控植保素生物合成通路,赋予水稻稻瘟病抗性。     

陆地棉分子标记辅助轮回选择聚合育种——Ⅰ.群体创建与基础群体的评价

 以抗黄萎病轮回选择基因库g2中的不育株为主体亲本,分别与高强纤维品系P7235、抗黄萎病种质P60182转Bt基因抗虫棉山西Bt(SHXBt)和中心Bt(ZHXBt)杂交后再进行聚合杂交,合成用于分子标记辅助选择的基础群体C0。随后进行分子标记辅助选择和表型选择,共获得P1、M1、MP1、P2、M2和MP2等6个选择群体。分析C0群体中的3种分子标记,发现基础群体C0的遗传基础是平衡的。将C0、g2与对照SU12进行比较,C0群体的抗虫性和各纤维品质性状均显著或极显著优于g2和SU12,早熟性和产量性状不显     

Identification,Characterization, and Expression of P450 Gene Encoding CYP6BQ13v2 from the Red Flour Beetle,Tribolium castaneum （Herbst） （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）

An allele of CYP6BQI3, named CYP6BQ 13v2 （GenBank accession no. FJ209361）, was isolated from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst） （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae） by RT-PCR. The cDNA sequence of CYP6BQ13v2, 1 563 bp in length, contains an open reading frame of 1 554 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 518 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 59.92 kDa and a theoretical pl of 7.60. The putative protein contains the classic hemebinding sequence motif F××G×××C×G （residues 456-465） conserved among all P450 enzymes as well as other characteristic motifs of all cytochrome P450s. It shares 98% identity with the previously published sequence of CYP6BQ13 （GenBank accession no. XP967146） from the T. castaneum genome project. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences from members of various P450 families indicated that there was closer phylogenetic relationship of CYP6BQ 13v2 with CYP302A1 and CYP307A1 mediating synthesis of the insect molting hormone, distant relationship with CYP6B1 metabolizing plant allelochemicals, CYP6D 1 linking to pyrethroid resistance and other members of CYP6 family. Expression test of the gene in the adults and immature stages of T. castaneum by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CYP6BQ13v2 is expressed in all life stages investigated. The mRNA expression level in 1st instar larvae was 14.9- and 3.86-fold higher than those in pupae and adults, respectively. The CYP6BQ13v2 expression levels appeared in the order of 1st instar larvae, followed by 4th instar larvae, 7th instar larvae, adult, and pupae from high to low. The more bioinformation of CYP6BQ 13v2 was also analyzed.     

The Effects of Mx1 Locus on Immunity Tracts Components in Large White×Meishan F2 Offspring

The mouse Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is known to be sufficient to confer resistance to influenza viruses, and genes encoding Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for disease resistance in farm animals. The porcine Mxl gene has already been identified and characterized based on its homology with mouse Mxl; the full-length coding region of the pig Mxl gene spans 2 545 bp (M65087) and is organized into 17 exons compared with the human ortholog mRNA. In this study, the exons 9, 10, 11 and introns 6, 9 of the porcine Mxl gene were cloned and sequenced; two SNPs were identified in exons 9, 10, 11 but none of the SNPs led to an amino acid exchange, and the other eleven variants were detected in introns 6 and 9, respectively. Differences in allele frequency among Meishan, Large White, Tibetan, Tongcheng, Huainan, and Duroc pigs were observed within intron 9, of which an A → G substitution at position 186 was detected as an Msp Ⅰ PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association analysis using the Large White×Meishan F2 offspring suggested that the Mxl genotype was associated with variation in several immunity traits that are of interest in pig breeding. However, further investigations in more populations are needed to confirm the above concept.     

A molecular basis for natural selection at the timeless locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Diapause is a protective response to unfavorable environments that results in a suspension of insect development and is most often associated with the onset of winter. The ls-tim mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster clock gene timeless has spread in Europe over the past 10,000 years, possibly because it enhances diapause. We show that the mutant allele attenuates the photosensitivity of the circadian clock and causes decreased dimerization of the mutant TIMELESS protein isoform to CRYPTOCHROME, the circadian photoreceptor. This interaction results in a more stable TIMELESS product. These findings reveal a molecular link between diapause and circadian photoreception.     

新疆马铃薯甲虫对噻虫嗪的抗性监测及其细胞色素P450基因表达分析

【目的】以世界性害虫马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)为研究对象,筛选其参与噻虫嗪解毒的细胞色素P450主效基因。【方法】于2018、2019年利用点滴法监测新疆察布查尔县、伊宁县、塔城市、乌鲁木齐市和吉木萨尔县11个马铃薯甲虫田间种群对噻虫嗪的抗性水平,并测定分析噻虫嗪LD₅₀处理72 h后成虫中3种主要解毒酶细胞色素P450酶(P450)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)和酯酶(EST)的活性变化。利用Illumina HiSeq^TM 2500高通量测序技术进行转录组测序,获得抗性和敏感种群之间的差异表达基因(DEG),运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术验证3个P450基因并分析6个P450基因(CYP4C1、CYP9e2、CYP305a1、CYP9Z25、CYP9Ya和CYP9Yc)在不同种群及噻虫嗪处理后的表达情况。【结果】抗性监测发现,2018年的YN1、URMQ1、TC和QPQL1以及2019年的YN2和JMS种群成虫对噻虫嗪抗性倍数(RR)分别达到5.99、8.81、10.86和20.33倍和...     

Identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese winter wheat Zhongmai 175

Stripe rust is a serious foliar disease posing a grave threat to wheat production worldwide. The most economical and environmentally friendly way to control this disease is to breed and deploy resistant cultivars. Zhongmai 175 is an elite winter wheat cultivar conferring resistance to a broad spectrum of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst) races. To identify the resistance gene in the cultivar, genetic analysis was conducted using the parents, F1, F2 and F2:3 populations derived from the cross of Lunxuan 987/Zhongmai 175. Segregations in the F2 and F2:3 populations indicated a single dominant gene conferring resistance to stripe rust in Zhongmai 175, temporarily designated Yr ZM175. Bulked segregant analysis(BSA) with wheat i Select 90 K SNP array determined a preliminary location of Yr ZM175. Subsequently, Yr ZM175 was mapped on chromosome 2AS using simple sequence repeats(SSR), expressed sequence tags(EST) and newly-developed kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP) markers, being flanked by Xgwm636 and Xwmc382 at genetic distances of 4.9 and 8.1 c M, respectively. Comparison of reaction patterns of Yr ZM175 on 23 Pst races or isolates and pedigree analysis with other genes on chromosome 2AS suggested that it is likely to be a new gene for resistance to stripe rust. The resistance gene and linked molecular markers will be useful in wheat breeding targeting for the improvement of stripe rust resistance.     

小麦聚合杂交早代Dx5优质基因的分子标记选择

将抗条锈基因（Yrx）、抗白粉病基因（Pm21）聚合,转入宁夏高产、优质（2°、17＋18、5＋10）小麦品种中,利用分子标记检测出多抗基因聚合体单株,以多抗聚合体单株为材料进行Dx5基因的分子标记选择。结果表明,Dx5基因的特异引物能扩增出片断为450bp的条带,生化标记证明凡是能扩增出450bp片段的单株均含有5＋10亚基条带,分子标记与生化标记结果一致,说明利用Dx5基因的特异分子标记选择5＋10优质亚基是可靠的、可行的。从多抗基因聚合体F3中选到3株具有Dx5基因的材料。Dx5基因的分子标记技术与SDS—PAGE图谱技术各有所长,两者结合应用结果更好。     

两个中国小麦品种中抗叶锈基因的遗传分析和基因定位

【目的】确定来自四川的两个小麦品种绵阳351-15和SW8588所携带的抗叶锈基因,为选育持久抗锈品种提供理论依据。【方法】在苗期用15个叶锈菌生理小种接种小麦品种绵阳351-15、SW8588和30个含有已知抗叶锈基因的近等基因系,推导2个材料中所含有的抗叶锈病基因,同时以小麦抗叶锈品种绵阳351-15和SW8588分别同感病品种郑州5389杂交获得F1和F2代群体,用叶锈菌小种FHTT接种各亲本及其杂交后代,进行抗叶锈遗传分析,并利用SSR和STS标记进行抗叶锈病基因的分子定位。【结果】经苗期基因推导发现SW8588中含有未知基因不同于已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1,绵阳351-15中可能含有已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1。用叶锈菌小种FHTT接种各F1和F2代群体,2个F2代群体抗感单株分离比例均符合3﹕1的理论分离比例,表明2个亲本对小种FHTT的抗病性均由1个显性基因控制。经过分子标记分析,在小麦材料绵阳351-15中发现该抗叶锈基因与位于5DL的SSR标记barc144和wmc765连锁,其遗传距离分别为8.9和20.8 cM,并同Lr1的STS标记WR003共分离,确定在小麦材料绵阳351-15中对小种FHTT的抗病性由抗叶锈基因Lr1提供;经分子标记检测SW8588中含有1对显性的抗叶锈病基因,暂命名为LrSW85,该基因位于5DL染色体上与Lr1的STS标记WR003共分离,该抗叶锈基因可能是Lr1的等位基因或紧密连锁基因。【结论】通过基因推导、遗传分析和分子标记等手段,确定小麦材料绵阳351-15中含有抗叶锈基因Lr1;小麦材料SW8588中含有抗叶锈基因LrSW85,该基因可能为Lr1的等位基因或紧密连锁基因。     

The Effects of Mx1 Locus on Immunity Tracts Components in Large White×Meishan F2 Offspring

The mouse Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is known to be sufficient to confer resistance to influenza viruses, and genes encoding Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for disease resistance in farm animals. The porcine Mxl gene has already been identified and characterized based on its homology with mouse Mxl; the full-length coding region of the pig Mxl gene spans 2 545 bp (M65087) and is organized into 17 exons compared with the human ortholog mRNA. In this study, the exons 9, 10, 11 and introns 6, 9 of the porcine Mxl gene were cloned and sequenced; two SNPs were identified in exons 9, 10, 11 but none of the SNPs led to an amino acid exchange, and the other eleven variants were detected in introns 6 and 9, respectively. Differences in allele frequency among Meishan, Large White, Tibetan, Tongcheng, Huainan, and Duroc pigs were observed within intron 9, of which an A → G substitution at position 186 was detected as an Msp Ⅰ PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association analysis using the Large White×Meishan F2 offspring suggested that the Mxl genotype was associated with variation in several immunity traits that are of interest in pig breeding. However, further investigations in more populations are needed to confirm the above concept.     

棉铃虫细胞色素P450家族 CYP6AE14 基因克隆、序列分析及蛋白原核表达

采用同源克隆技术克隆石河子棉区棉铃虫抗性品系的P450家族解棉酚基因 CYP6AE14 。克隆获得的目的基因全长1 581 bp,编码526个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该抗性品系的 CYP6AE14 有1个氨基酸发生突变,即Y25F;其与烟草天蛾的CYP6AE32同源性较高,达60%。利用原核表达载体pET28 a在大肠杆菌中成功表达棉铃虫P450 CYP6AE14 基因,为进一步的基因功能验证奠定基础。     

野桑蚕不同组织细胞色素P450CYP30581V1基因的诱导表达特征研究

1材料与方法 1．1材料与试剂野桑蚕采自苏州大学独墅湖校区桑园;宿主菌E．coli TOP10为苏州大学基础医学及生物科学学院生物资源与功能基因组学研究室保存;植物次生性物质芸香苷和内源性物质蜕皮激素均购自SIGMA公司;氯氰菊酯购自拜耳杭州作物科学有限公司;外源性化合物NaF（分析纯）购自西安化学试剂厂;RNAiso reagent试剂盒购自TakaRa公司;其他常用试剂购自TaKaRa公司或上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司：     

A synthetic maternal-effect selfish genetic element drives population replacement in Drosophila

One proposed strategy for controlling the transmission of insect-borne pathogens uses a drive mechanism to ensure the rapid spread of transgenes conferring disease refractoriness throughout wild populations. Here, we report the creation of maternal-effect selfish genetic elements in Drosophila that drive population replacement and are resistant to recombination-mediated dissociation of drive and disease refractoriness functions. These selfish elements use microRNA-mediated silencing of a maternally expressed gene essential for embryogenesis, which is coupled with early zygotic expression of a rescuing transgene.