绿色荧光蛋白基因标记嗜水气单胞菌的研究

嗜水气单胞菌广泛存在于水体环境中,可引起人和动物发病,尤其是引起鱼类的败血症。本文构建了pWSK129-gfp重组载体,并分别导入到嗜水气单胞菌强毒株J-1和无毒株4332中。在荧光显微镜下观察,菌体呈现绿色荧光。稳定性试验表明,Ah4332GFP传至70代,质粒稳定率可达100%;而AhJ-1GFP在同样条件下培养10代后,质粒的稳定率仅为15.1%。绿色荧光蛋白基因的导入为研究嗜水气单胞菌与宿主的相互关系提供了一种简单而直观的方法。     

表达增强绿色荧光蛋白重组水疱性口炎病毒印第安纳株的构建

通过负链RNA病毒反向遗传操作技术,成功救获了表达增强绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)的重组印地安纳株水疱性口炎病毒(Vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana serotype)、救获的重组病毒保持了野生型VSV高滴度生长特性,细胞连续传代10次仍保持GFP的稳定表达及生物学特性不变。本研究为VSV作为新型重组活病毒载体疫苗和肿瘤治疗载体研制及基础病毒学相关研究提供了理想的技术平台。     

山羊TLR2绿色荧光蛋白融合载体的构建

为了构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达的山羊TLR2绿色荧光蛋白融合载体,试验根据克隆到T载体上的山羊TLR2测序结果,设计1对不含终止子的引物,将山羊TLR2 PCR产物连接到pEGFP-N1载体上,用磷酸钙法转染293T细胞,并在荧光显微镜下观察。结果表明:重组质粒经酶切和测序鉴定正确,且在293T细胞中表达;融合蛋白发出绿色荧光,表明TLR2-EGFP主要分布在细胞膜上。说明试验成功地构建了pEGFP-TLR2-N1绿色荧光蛋白融合载体。     

Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming

Pretreatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extracts, such as embryonic stem cells and mammalian oocytes, is an attractive alternative method for reprogramming control. The properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to those of embryonic stem cells; however, no studies have reported somatic cell nuclear reprogramming using iPSC extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine iPSC extracts treatment on porcine ear fibroblasts and early development of porcine cloned embryos produced from porcine ear skin fibroblasts pretreated with the porcine iPSC extracts. The Chariot^TM reagent system was used to deliver the iPSC extracts into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts. The iPSC extracts-treated cells (iPSC-treated cells) were cultured for 3 days and used for analyzing histone modification and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Compared to the results for nontreated cells, the trimethylation status of histone H3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) in the iPSC-treated cells significantly decreased. The expression of Jmjd2b, the H3K9 trimethylation-specific demethylase gene, significantly increased in the iPSC-treated cells; conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic genes, Bax and p53, significantly decreased. When the iPSC-treated cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes, no differences were observed in blastocyst development and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the results for control cells. However, H3K9 trimethylation of pronuclear-stage-cloned embryos significantly decreased in the iPSC-treated cells. Additionally, Bax and p53 gene expression in the blastocysts was significantly lower in iPSC-treated cells than in control cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that an extracts of porcine iPSCs can affect histone modification and gene expression in porcine ear skin fibroblasts and cloned embryos.     

猪肌肉卫星细胞的分离培养及生物学特性鉴定

以猪胎儿为材料,采用胶原酶消化法或组织块法培养胎儿背部最长肌获得了肌肉卫星细胞,该细胞体外可以传到9代以上。培养的细胞多呈纺锤体型和梭型,具有明显的方向性,呈典型的长轴平行排列。流式细胞仪分析结果显示,该细胞呈CD29、CD166、CD45、CD44阳性,CD71、CD34阴性。RT-PCR检测发现其表达Desmin、C-Myc、Nanog、Pcna、Oct4、Klf4,弱表达Myog,不表达Sox2、MyoD。免疫组化染色发现其表达Desmin等肌肉细胞的特异性标记,同时表达Nanog、Pcna等多能性细胞标记。本试验建立了一种简便高效的猪肌肉卫星细胞体外分离和培养方法,得到的细胞具有肌肉卫星细胞的典型生物学特性,同时表达间质干细胞和多能性干细胞的部分标记。     

融合表达淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和卵清白蛋白CD8+T细胞表位的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的构建与鉴定

依据淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV)主要保护性抗原CD8 T细胞表位VRRPQASGVYMGNLTAQ和卵清白蛋白(OVA)CD8 T细胞表位SIINFEKL,设计、合成两条编码LCMV和OVA CD8 T细胞表位的寡核苷酸片段,经退火后,克隆入绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒pYAGFP,经PCR扩增和序列测定分析,证实成功构建T细胞表位与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的重组质粒pYAGFPL-O,将此重组质粒pYAGFPL-O转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌X4550,获得重组沙门氏菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O).用SDS-PAGE电泳测得重组菌表达的融合蛋白约为30kD.同时,荧光显微镜下观察到X4550(pYAGFPL-O)发出黄绿色荧光.这些结果表明LCMV和OVA T细胞表位已成功表达.重组菌X4550(pYAGFPL-O)的获得为研究沙门氏菌载体携带外源抗原的T细胞应答规律及调控机理打下了重要基础.     

Identification of perivascular and stromal mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in porcine endometrium

Mammalian uterus contains a population of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells that likely contribute to endometrial regeneration during each reproductive cycle. In human and mouse, they reside in perivascular, epithelial and stromal compartments of the endometrial functionalis and basalis. Here, we aimed to identify tissue resident cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD140b and CD146 in the porcine endometrium. We used single immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Each of these markers was detected in small cells surrounding endometrial blood vessels. CD105 and CD146 were also expressed in single stromal cells. A few stromal and perivascular cells showed the presence of pluripotency marker Oct4 in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus, which may imply they are not truly pluripotent. Endometrial cell cultures were examined for the expression of CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105 and CD140b proteins and tested in wound‐healing assay and culture model of chemotaxis. In conclusion, our results demonstrate perivascular location of prospective mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in the porcine endometrium and may suggest that stromal CD105⁺ and CD146⁺ cells represent more mature precursors originating from their perivascular ancestors.     

利用柞蚕核型多角体病毒表达载体系统在柞蚕蛹中表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白

为了探讨外源蛋白在柞蚕蛹-柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)表达系统的表达水平和稳定性,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因克隆到柞蚕核型多角体病毒转移表达载体pApM748BE中,获得重组质粒DNA,与ApNPV DNA共转染樗蚕(Phi-losamia cynthiam)培养细胞Pc-01后,用末端稀释法筛选获得重组病毒ApNPV-Δph/egfp+。将该重组病毒感染柞蚕蛹,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法检测EGFP在柞蚕蛹中的表达,结果显示:在柞蚕蛹感染重组病毒ApNPV-Δph/egfp+后6 d,EG-FP就有明显的表达;感染后12～18 d,蛹体液中的EGFP含量保持较高水平,以EGFP标准样品定量分析EGFP在柞蚕蛹体液中的表达水平高于1 mg/mL;感染后30～39 d仍可以检测到蛹体液中EGFP的表达,而且蛋白稳定。研究结果表明,利用柞蚕核型多角体病毒作表达载体,可在柞蚕蛹中高效稳定地表达EGFP,并且EGFP在雌雄蛹间的表达水平无明显差异。     

猪骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养及生物学特性

采集健康猪股骨骨髓,利用percoll梯度离心法分离单个核细胞,进行体外原代和传代培养,并用不同代数细胞进行了细胞生长能力、膜表面抗原(CD105、CD90、CD45)及诱导分化能力的检测.结果显示分离培养的单个核细胞贴壁生长,形态呈成纤维细胞样及涡旋状克隆团；细胞传代至第17代生长状况仍然良好；用F3代细胞进行膜表面抗原标记显示,CD90和CD105阳性表达率分别为(97.4±1.8)％和(99.6±0.9)％,而CD45阳性表达率仅为(1.8±0.55)％,证实这些细胞具有猪骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem Cells,MSCs)表面抗原；经地塞米松、维生素C和β-磷酸甘油等诱导F3代细胞,21d后出现钙物质沉积细胞群,用茜素红和Von kossa染色呈阳性,证实这些细胞已分化形成成骨细胞；经地塞米松、IBMX、胰岛素及吲哚美辛等诱导F3代细胞,21d后细胞质出现脂滴样结构,用油红O染色呈阳性,证实已分化形成成脂细胞；冷冻-解冻细胞的膜表面抗原及多能分化能力与未冻存细胞的检测结果基本一致.结果证实,从猪骨髓中分离培养及经传代扩增获得的贴壁细胞是纯化的MSCs.     

Molecular signature and colony morphology affect in vitro pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells

Overall efficiency of cell reprogramming for porcine fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently poor, and few cell lines have been established. This study examined gene expression during early phase of cellular reprogramming in the relationship to the iPSC colony morphology and in vitro pluripotent characteristics. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Two different colony morphologies referred to either compact (n = 10) or loose (n = 10) colonies were further examined for proliferative activity, gene expression and in vitro pluripotency. A total of 1,697 iPSC-like colonies (2.34%) were observed after gene transduction. The compact colonies contained with tightly packed cells with a distinct-clear border between the colony and feeder cells, while loose colonies demonstrated irregular colony boundary. For quantitative expression of genes responsible for early phase cell reprogramming, the Dppa2 and EpCAM were significantly upregulated while NR0B1 was downregulated in compact colonies compared with loose phenotype (p < .05). Higher proportion of compact iPSC phenotype (5 of 10, 50%) could be maintained in undifferentiated state for more than 50 passages compared unfavourably with loose morphology (3 of 10, 30%). All iPS cell lines obtained from these two types of colony morphologies expressed pluripotent genes and proteins (OCT4, NANOG and E-cadherin). In addition, they could aggregate and form three-dimensional structure of embryoid bodies. However, only compact iPSC colonies differentiated into three germ layers. Molecular signature of early phase of cell reprogramming coupled with primary colony morphology reflected the in vitro pluripotency of porcine iPSCs. These findings can be simply applied for pre-screening selection of the porcine iPSC cell line.     

拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因在小鼠颗粒细胞中的整合及其鉴定

为了探讨拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因二聚体(2S)在小鼠颗粒细胞基因组中整合和建立转拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因的小鼠颗粒细胞系的可能性,试验将在前期工作中人工合成的拟蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因2S连接到具有CMV启动子、IRES序列和GFP报告基因的表达载体,并转染小鼠颗粒细胞。结果表明:原代培养的幼鼠卵巢的颗粒细胞在培养后的第4天达到85%汇合,继代培养1~7代时每代达到85%的汇合时间约为3 d,细胞的形态与原代培养细胞相似,呈现多角形或梭形;筛选阳性细胞的最佳G418浓度为500μg/mL;将线性化的CMV-2S-pIRES2-EGFP转染颗粒细胞,再用500μg/mLG418筛选12 d后仍有存活细胞,但是续培养细胞的增殖能力逐渐丧失;经PCR鉴定,阳性细胞扩增出目的条带。     

猪Toll样受体9基因的克隆、序列分析及其结构预测

本研究应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增技术,从猪脾脏淋巴细胞中,克隆了猪Toll样受体9基因(pTLR9).基因序列分析表明,克隆的pTLR9基因ORF为3 093 bp,编码1 030个氨基酸,含18.5%的亮氨酸,含有24个氨基酸的信号肤序列,属于Ⅰ型跨膜受体,具有富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)和Toll/IL-1R同源区结构域;与GenBank上登载的pTLR9参考序列(AY859728)的同源性为99.3%,与牛、马、羊和人的同源性较高,与家鼠、褐鼠的次之,TLR9的演化关系与亲缘关系密切.     

妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞EGFP基因转化及体外分化

本研究旨在获得妊娠中期猪羊水来源千细胞,并通过用EGFP对干细胞进行标记,为以EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞进行体内移植研究奠定基础.利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄60 d猪胎儿羊水中分离获得干细胞,通过脂质体介导转染将EGFP基因导入干细胞,诱导转基因干细胞向肌细胞和神经细胞分化,观察其分化特点.采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞和分化细胞表面标志或相关基因.结果成功分离培养出妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞,并获得转EGFP基因干细胞.干细胞在表达EGFP的同时仍具有分化潜能.干细胞中Oct4、CD-90和Sox2表达阳性;体外诱导的干细胞能分化为肌细胞(表达myf-6和myoD)、星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)、少突胶质细胞(表达GalC)和神经元细胞(表达NF、NSE和MAP2).研究表明,从妊娠中期猪胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,转EGFP基因干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和分化潜能,可以用EGFP对羊水来源干细胞进行标记、追踪,为EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞用于体内移植研究奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型修饰Cap蛋白基因的原核表达及纯化

目的：本研究基于原核表达系统表达猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV-2）Cap蛋白。方法：PCV-2 ORF2基因编码的Cap蛋白含有能产生免疫反应的多个抗原表位,本研究针对Cap蛋白基因设计引物,去掉核定位信号肽的核苷酸序列克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）中,筛选重组菌并进行原核表达、鉴定及纯化。结果：纯化后的修饰Cap蛋白是能够与猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型的阳性血清发生特异性反应。结论：表达的重组修饰Cap蛋白可以作为标准抗原蛋白用于PCV-2的检测。     

Isolation,proliferation and characterization of endometrial canine stem cells

In the last decade, progenitor cells isolated from dissociated endometrial tissue have been the subject of many studies in several animal species. Recently, endometrial cells showing characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been demonstrated in human, pig and cow uterine tissue samples. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of stromal cells from the endometrium of healthy bitches, a tissue that after elective surgery is routinely discarded. Multipotent stromal cells could be isolated from all bitches enrolled in the study (n = 7). The multipotency of cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic lineages. Clonogenicity and cell proliferation ability were also tested. Furthermore, gene expression analysis by RT‐PCR was used to compare the expression of a set of genes (CD44, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD13, CD133, CD73, CD31 CD105, Oct4) with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. Stromal cells isolated from uterine endometrium showed similar morphology, ability of subculture and plasticity, and also expressed a panel of genes comparable with adipose tissue‐derived MSC. These data suggest that endometrial stromal cells fulfil the basic criteria proposed by the “Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy” for the identification of mesenchymal stem cells. Although endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSC) showed a lower replicative ability in comparison with adipose tissue‐derived MSC, they could be considered a cell therapeutic agent alternative to adipose tissue or bone marrow‐derived MSC in dog.     

猪IL-18基因的原核表达及重组蛋白的纯化

以pcDNA3．1-pIL-18为模板，采用PCR技术扩增到了猪白细胞介素18（IL-18）的成熟蛋白基因，通过KpnⅠ＋SacⅠ双酶切及连接反应，构建了pET32c—pIL—18原核表达质粒。经过限制性内切酶分析、PCR鉴定及DNA序列测定证实，重组质粒中的基因片段连接正确。之后，重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），于37℃、1．0mmol／L IPTG条件下诱导表达。菌体裂解产物经SDS—PAGE分析，在分子质量约为33ku处出现了预期的目的蛋白。用8mol／L脲对表达产物变性，经Ni^2＋NTA柱纯化，透析复性，得到了纯化的IL-18蛋白。Western—blot分析证实，纯化的重组IL-18蛋白具有反应活性。上述研究结果为重组IL-18的应用奠定了基础。     

牛输卵管上皮细胞转人胶原蛋白cDNA基因及转基因克隆胚胎

以2岁奶牛输卵管为材料,用胰酶消化法分离得到了牛输卵管上皮细胞。输卵管上皮细胞在DMEM／F12培养基中生长良好。用一代牛输卵管上皮细胞为靶细胞,对其进行了电穿孔转染,转染对象是分子大小为31085bp的以β-casein启动子为基础的含有人胶原蛋白cDNA基因和EGFP、Neor双标记基因的质粒。电穿孔试验发现,牛输卵管上皮细胞在低渗缓冲液中电转染可以获得阳性转染子,其中以90mOsm／kg为最佳。电压以800V为好,电压高和低都不利于电穿孔的成功。成功转染的细胞用800mg/L G418进行筛选,在10d后获得了较大的阳性细胞克隆簇。对获得的阳性细胞克隆簇进行扩大后,得到了较纯的阳性细胞克隆系,流式细胞仪检测其纯度为81．6％。在荧光显微镜下选择阳性细胞作为核移植供体细胞进行了转基因克隆试验,结果显示以转基因和非转基因细胞为核供体获得的重构胚融合率差异显著（51．9％比63．2％）,获得的桑椹胚／囊胚率差异不显著（20．3％比25．5％）。对获得的具有绿色荧光的胚胎进行DNA分析,结果显示这些胚胎成功转入了外源基因,并且转入的外源基因结构完整。