渔业捕捞许可管理规定

第一条 为了保护、合理利用渔业资源，控制捕捞强度，维护渔业生产秩序，保障渔业生产者的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国渔业法》（以下称《渔业法》），制定本规定。     

关于我国渔业行政执法体制建设的思考

依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。依法行政是依法治国的首要一环。本文拟根据依法行政的基本原理和要求,结合现行渔业行政管理的实际,就我国渔业行政执法体制改革问题,作一些初步探讨。 一、问题的提出 为适应我国渔业生产发展和渔业管理外部环境条件变化的情况,进一步加强渔业行政执法工作,1999年农业部下     

挪威渔业管理概述

挪威人口仅447.9万,但年渔获量达200多万t,列居世界渔获量前十名的渔业大国,主要原因在于能充分利用沿海富饶的渔业资源,开发高效率的渔业自动化设备,开展完整的渔业资源的调查评估,实施严格的渔业资源保护措施和管理制度等,使该国的渔业资源能稳定而持续利用。一、渔业行政管理体系 (一)渔业部 挪威于1946年在首都奥斯陆建立了渔业部,是世界上最早成立渔业部的国家。主要职能是负责全国海洋捕捞、水产养殖、渔业资源保护、海岸安全、海洋科研、鱼品质量、出口贸易、渔业立法以及渔业资金的具体管理。主要     

浅谈渔业行政违法概念及其构成

<正> 1 渔业行政违法的概念 渔业行政违法是指违反渔业行政法律、法规,对社会造成一定程度的危害,但尚不够“情节严重”,依法应当受到渔业行政处罚的行为。简称渔业违法。这一概念包含了以下含义:1.1 是违反渔业行政法律、法规的行为,具有渔业     

养殖证核发工作之我见

新修订的《中华人民共和国渔业法》明确规定了县级以上人民政府渔业主管部门是承办养殖证申领事宜的工作部门,并要求在核发养殖证时,应当优先安排当地的渔业生产者。作为履行权力的机关必须要从代表最广大渔民根本利益出发,坚持“统一规划、严格规范、积极稳妥、优先发放”的原则,完整准确的贯彻落实养殖证基本法律制度,积极开展各项工作。     

渔业法在渔业发展中的作用与地位

《中华人民共和国渔业法》实施将近一年。一年来，全国各地水产工作者，认真学习渔业法，热情宣传渔业法，带头执行渔业法，使发展水产业的正确方针，得到有力贯彻。养殖业的产量大幅度增加，缓和了“吃鱼难”的局面；水产品的深加工，正在全面开展，提高了鱼、贝、藻类的经济价值，为国家增加了财富。水产战线的法制观念已进一步加强，渔场的生产秩序大为好转，     

张网渔业管理之我见

<正> 张网是海洋渔业重要的作业方式之一。1984年舟山地区各种张网产量占渔业总产量的百分之三十点四。长期来,在捕捞多种小型经济鱼虾的同时,张网作业又大量地杀伤着主要经济鱼类的稚幼鱼,对渔业资源的繁殖与保护产生了严重的威胁。为此,渔业管理部门早在五十年代便制定了“利用、限制、改革”的方针,对张网作业实行一定程度的限制。但是,由于众所周知的原因,自六十年代中     

论渔业行政管理中的行政许可

行政许可是行政机关具体行政行为的重要形式之一，它广泛运用于国家行政管理的各个领域。通过实施行政许可行为，可以有效调节和控制各种社会活动，规范人们在社会生活中的权利义务，维护国家和社会公共利益，保护行政相对人的合法权益。     

纳米比亚的渔业及其管理

一、一般情况 纳米比亚位于非洲大陆的西南面,其国土面积有82.4292万km~2,人口(1996年)约158万。英语为该国的官方语言,非洲人讲当地语言,首都位于温得和克(Windhock),该国的货币使用南非兰特(TheSouth African Rand),2000年1月,1美元相当于61525兰特。纳米比亚的海岸线有1500km,领海为12海里,专属经济区为200海里。水深200m以内的大陆架面积为12.25万km~2,并划分为三个分区:1.3分区,面积为1.95万km~2,其中一半属安哥拉;1.4分区,为4.51万km~2;1.5分区,为5.79万km~2。1990年3月21日独立,3月22日同中国建交。 纳米比亚沿海由于本格拉寒流形成强大的上升     

浅论渔业行政管理规范性文件

渔业行政管理规范性文件如何进行规范?也是渔业管理学研究的范畴。目前对这个问题的研究不多,作者结合自己的本职工作,浅论渔业行政管理规范性文件。     

The development of the Finnish inland fisheries system

The efficiency of Finnish inland fisheries administration has improved during the past 15 years because of changes in fisheries legislation. The establishment of regional management units particularly has improved the practice of co-management, which has allowed the participation of many relevant interest groups in the decision-making process. The long-term private market equilibrium supply for recreational fishing with active types of gear accounted for 50% of the Finnish lake surface area. Presently the public sector has become involved in the supply of recreational fishing licences. The improvement in the system owes much to political initiatives. As regards commercial fishing, state-ownership of fishing grounds is a channel for recruitment into the occupation. Private ownership has led to a suboptimal allocation of fisheries resources, particularly in the commercial branch of the industry. However, by giving priority to social instead of economic goals the statutory fishery associations will help to maintain social and community values, which are locally important.     

Defining a Safe Operating Space for inland recreational fisheries

The Safe Operating Space (SOS) of a recreational fishery is the multidimensional region defined by levels of harvest, angler effort, habitat, predation and other factors in which the fishery is sustainable into the future. SOS boundaries exhibit trade‐offs such that decreases in harvest can compensate to some degree for losses of habitat, increases in predation and increasing value of fishing time to anglers. Conversely, high levels of harvest can be sustained if habitat is intact, predation is low, and value of fishing effort is moderate. The SOS approach recognizes limits in several dimensions: at overly high levels of harvest, habitat loss, predation, or value of fishing effort, the stock falls to a low equilibrium biomass. Recreational fisheries managers can influence harvest and perhaps predation, but they must cope with trends that are beyond their control such as changes in climate, loss of aquatic habitat or social factors that affect the value of fishing effort for anglers. The SOS illustrates opportunities to manage harvest or predation to maintain quality fisheries in the presence of trends in climate, social preferences or other factors that are not manageable.     

Economic evaluation of inland fisheries in England and Wales

Recreational inland fisheries are recognized to have considerable socio-economic benefits, not only for individuals participating directly but also for others in both local and wider communities. In England and Wales the Environment Agency (EA) has a duty to maintain, improve and develop inland fisheries. At present, there are no recent economic evaluations of the whole range of UK inland fisheries for the EA to refer to when confronted with resource issues. There is a particular need to explore the benefits of fisheries to the wider community, in order to secure more resources for management and protection of fisheries. Preliminary results from a multi-modular project to study the economic values associated with recreational fisheries in England and Wales are presented. Topics examined included recreational anglers' consumer surplus, general public non-use values of fisheries, social benefits of recreational fishing and impacts of fisheries on local communities.     

对我省内陆盐碱水域渔业利用的浅见

<正> 内陆盐碱水,即苏打水,是内陆水体蒸发量超过降雨量而形成的含盐量1‰～30‰水环境。我省北部张家口、南部沧洲邢台等较广泛的地区的地表水、浅层地下水都已经是总盐度超过5‰,总碱度在5～20meq/L,不宜于农业,多年试验证明,也不宜于栽种林草。水资源缺乏一直严重限制     

The effect of LED lights on trap catches in Finnish inland fisheries

Trap fisheries can provide catches of high quality, and unwanted bycatch can be released with high survival. Light attraction could be an effective way of increasing trap catches, but research results are largely lacking. Experiments to test the effect of LED lights in trap-net fishing were conducted in two Finnish lakes where fishing targeted Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. and roach Rutilus rutilus (L.). LED lights (white, green, red, blue and combinations) were attached inside the traps. The use of LED lights did not increase fish CPUE. Contrary to expectation, Eurasian perch catches were higher in traps without LED lights. Significant variation in CPUEs was observed, but without interaction with light treatments. The LED lights tested in this study do not increase the effectiveness of trap fishery targeting Eurasian perch and roach in Finnish lakes in the ice-free season.     

关于保护与增殖内陆水域渔业资源几个问题的探讨

渔业资源是发展渔业经济的重要物质基础,渔业资源保护与增殖工作的实际效果,直接关系到渔业经济的可持续发展,也关系到渔业生态环境,其影响持久而深远。我市内陆水域面积11.3万hm2(不含鸭绿江流经我市233km2的面积),内陆水域渔业生产是我市渔业经济的重要构成。近几年内陆水域渔业捕捞强度和渔业资源再生能力的矛盾日渐突出,渔民普遍反映,捕捞产量在急剧下降,渔获物的品种越来越少,个体越来越小,传统的名贵品种很少在渔获物中出现。渔民对渔业资源的恢复感到无望,部分渔政人员对此也失去了信心。因此当前渔业资源的保护工作面临的问题十分严峻。1现行的渔政机构和渔政管理体制渔业资源的管理主体是各级渔业行政主管部门及其所属的渔政机构,现行的渔政机构和渔政管理体系,都是在各级政府的渔业行政主管部门的基础上组建的,依附于地方各级渔业行政主管部门管理运行,在各自的行政辖区内实施管理,这种渔政管理体系与渔业资源的自然分布极不和谐。因为内陆渔业资源是按水系和流域分布,在同一水系和流域范围内,渔业资源和渔业生态环境是一个共生的整体。这种渔政管理体制势必导致在同一资源领域的条块分割各自为政,形成管理体制的先天不足。丹东地区在我省内陆水域面积最大...     

Social, economic and cultural perspectives of European inland fisheries: review of the EIFAC symposium on fisheries and society

The contributions presented at the EIFAC Symposium on Fisheries and Society in 2000 are reviewed. There have been considerable advances in many sectors of inland fisheries over the past decade. Nowadays the value of inland fisheries to society is generally better understood and increasingly recognized. However, it was recognized that the allocation of fishery resources and their management could still be made more effective through more extensive application of the recent approaches and techniques discussed during the Symposium and reviewed in the paper.     

Current status and future needs of economics research of inland fisheries

Inland capture fisheries (ICFs) provide ecosystem services – fish for food, livelihoods and recreation – to people and therefore have an economic value. Economic valuation can inform the sustainable management of ICFs and ensure they are recognised in trade‐off analysis and decision‐making. This study assesses existing ICFs economic research to identify knowledge gaps. Bibliographic databases were searched for suitable peer‐reviewed articles. The selected studies (n = 75) were analysed for coverage, valuation methodologies and value metrics. A majority of existing studies value recreational ICFs in developed countries. Studies have employed a wide range of valuation methodologies and therefore provide a variety of economic values measured at different units and scales. This study highlights the need for a greater quantity of ICFs economic research that covers a representative sample of ecosystems and fishery types globally. Best practice recommendations are made for a standardised framework to ensure ICFs research generates economically credible and comparable values.     

Functional aquatic ecosystems,inland fisheries and the Millennium Development Goals

Freshwater allocation in an environment of increasing demand and declining quality and availability is a major societal challenge. While biodiversity and the needs of local communities are often in congruence, the over‐riding necessity of meeting national demands for power, food and, increasingly, mitigation of the hydrological effects of climate change, often supersedes these. Sophisticated models of ecosystem function to establish environmental flows are difficult to implement and consequently have generally failed to reduce rates of biodiversity and habitat loss, resulting in disenfranchisement of local communities resulting from dam construction and water abstraction for industry and agriculture. There are no agreed standards upon which a fairer allocation of resources can be made and thus a pragmatic approach to the resolution of these conflicts is clearly needed. While having generally negative impacts on biodiversity and traditional lifestyles, creation of new infrastructure and active management generates national economic growth and much‐needed employment. Intensification of usage in watersheds already expropriated for human enterprise can spare land needed for the biodiversity that will fuel adaptation for the future. Taking advantage of a range of mitigation technologies and building their cost into the investment plans for water management infrastructure can improve the cost/benefit ratio of water control infrastructure and may be a more practical and efficacious approach to the valuation of fisheries and the maintenance of other essential services from functional aquatic ecosystems.