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1.
The effect of microbial inactivation and washing process on physicochemical and sensory quality of pasteurized fish sausage during cold storage (4°C) was evaluated. Mince was obtained after the grinding; washed mince (WM) was obtained by single washing of mince; and surimi was obtained after three washing and dewatering cycles. Texture profile analysis results demonstrated that textural characteristics of pasteurized fish sausages remain stable during storage period (p > 0.05). Color analysis showed that Hunter L* had an increasing trend, and a* and b* had a decreasing trend over time (p < 0.05). Thus, it is possible to inactivate all microorganisms in pasteurized fish sausage without any undesirable effect on physicochemical and sensory quality.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT:   Contents of 4-hydroxy-2 E -hexenal (HHE), hepatotoxic aldehydes, in smoked fish meat products (smoked salmon and fish meat sausage) were analyzed. Large differences in these contents between the different samples were observed. Very low levels of HHE were detected in fish meat sausage samples. However, a high level of HHE was observed in one batch of smoked salmon. Changes of HHE contents in yellowtail meat containing cherry and sugi wood vinegar stored at 0°C were also analyzed for 7 days. Malonaldehyde (MA) was also analyzed in these samples as an index of the lipid peroxidation level. After 3 or 7 days of storage, HHE contents in both wood vinegar-added samples were significantly higher, but MA contents were significantly lower than those of the control.  相似文献   

3.
Detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) was created through heat and solvent extraction and replaced fish meal (FM) at 0% (Control), 50% (J50), or 62.5% (J62.5) in common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerling (initial mean weight ± SD; 22 ± 0.12 g) diets over 16 weeks. Growth performance and feeding efficiencies were similar (P > 0.05) among groups, but nutrient digestibilities and digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Control than others. The slightly lower growth and significantly lower nutrient digestibility in carp fed DJKM indicates a need to improve the nutritive value of DJKM as a promising and sustainable FM alternative.  相似文献   

4.
The effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus utilization in juvenile Clarias gariepinus (initial fish body weight 11.55 ± 0.2 g) was tested on two different diets based on oil-extracted soya bean (Experiment 1) and roasted soya bean meal (Experiment 2) using a 5 × 5 experimental design for 84 days. The basal isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for oil-extracted and roasted soya bean were formulated to replace fish meal at 25% (S1E), 50% (S2E), 75% (S3E), 100% (S4E); and 25% (S1), 50% (S2), 75% (S3), 100% (S4), respectively. Each treatment was replicated four times. Microbial phytase was supplemented in each replicate at 250 FTU/g (P1), 500 FTU/g (P2), 750 FTU/g (P3), and 1,000 FTU/g (P4). Basal controls, which included a fish meal-based diet (S0), were not supplemented with phytase (P0). The result in Experiment 1 showed that there was a significant increase in whole-body protein and reduction in fat with phytase compared to a diet without phytase (P < 0.05). Serum total protein declined significantly with phytase supplementation (P < 0.05). Serum phosphorus and glucose were higher with phytase supplementation compared to control (P < 0.05). Bone minerals declined significantly with increasing level of soya bean compared to fish meal diet (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, serum phosphorus was improved with phytase compared to control with no phytase (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in whole-body protein and increase in fat was observed for fish fed phytase diets compared to diets with no phytase, regardless of soya bean level (P < 0.05); however, ash content was improved with phytase (250 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation improved bone phosphorus (250 FTU/g), calcium (250 FTU/g), magnesium (250–500 FTU/g), and zinc (250–1,000 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the research has demonstrated that improved bone phosphorus (P) and growth could be achieved with the supplementation of dietary phytase.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

Fish meal is the main protein source in fish diet, but due to its unsustainability, it has to be replaced with more sustainable protein sources, such as soybean meal (SBM), in fish feeds. As SBM often produces negative effects on fish growth and health, we conducted an eight-week trial of complete fish meal replacement with SBM in the diet of juvenile (48.2 ± 0.55 g) blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a herbivorous cyprinid fish native to the Yangtze basin (China). SBM-fed fish exhibited: a worsened growth performance; improved survival rate (> 0.05); elevated serum triglycerides and total cholesterol but reduced low-density lipoprotein in plasma (< 0.05); mild lipid droplet accumulation and swelling of the liver; elevated goblet cell counts and mild signs of enteritis in the intestines. With negligible effects on growth and mild effects on health, M. amblycephala appears to be comparatively tolerant of SBM, but total fish meal replacement is not recommended. Future studies should aim to identify the SBM tolerance threshold in long-term growth trials.  相似文献   

6.
The phytoplanktivorous silver carp is an important biomanipulation fish to control cyanobacterial blooms and is also a food fish with the greatest production in China. The accumulation of the hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) determined by LC-MS in various organs of silver carp was studied monthly in Lake Taihu dominated by toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. Average recoveries of spiked fish samples were 78% for MC-RR and 81% for MC-LR. The highest content of MCs was found in the intestine (97.48 μg g− 1 DW), followed by liver (6.84 μg g− 1 DW), kidney (4.88 μg g− 1 DW) and blood (1.54 μg g− 1 DW), and the annual mean MC content was in the order of intestine > liver > kidney > blood > muscle > spleen > gallbladder > gill. Silver carp could effectively ingest toxic Microcystis cells (up to 84.4% of total phytoplankton in gut contents), but showed fast growth (from 141 g to 1759 g in 1 year in mean weight). Silver carp accumulated less microcystins in liver than other animals in the same site or other fish from different water bodies at similar level of toxin ingestion. There was possible inhibition of the transportation of the most toxic MC-LR across the gutwall. Muscle of silver carp in Lake Taihu should not be consumed during period of dense Microcystis blooms while viscera were risky for consumption in more months.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract. In continuation of an experiment carried out in 1983, the effect of polyculture of bottom-feeding fish (common carp. Cyprinus carpio L.; tilapia hybrids, Oreochromis nilolicus (L.) × O. aureus (Steindadner); and grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (L.) and a filter-feeding fish (silver carp. Hypopluhalmichtys molitrix (Valenciennes)) on the nannoplankton and netplanklon has been studied. This effect was analysed through principal component analysis. The results confirmed the linding of 1983 that the presence of silver carp in a pond, either alone or with bottom-feeding fish, results in a decrease in netplankton (phylo- and zooplankton) and an increase in nannoplankton which passes through the tiller apparatus of the fish. The effect of the silver carp seems to be related more to its numerical density than to its individual weight, since the effect diminished with the decrease in density during 1983–1985. It became least pronounced when the density was 400/ha. Bottom-feeding fish enhance the development of the larger nannoplankton by bringing up nutrients from the bottom, but reduce the number of the netplankton (mainly zooplankton) as compared to the control pond without lish. This effect was more apparent at a higher density of tilapia. but was masked when silver carp was present.  相似文献   

8.
2012年5-10月,在面积为0.19hm2的试验池1中放养体质量160g的松浦镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio Songpu)117,700尾·hm^-2,混养体质量160g的长丰鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)春片、乌子头和鳙(Aristichthys no-bilis)夏花鱼种。在面积为0.19hm2的试验池2中放养体质量149.5g的松浦镜鲤3,450尾·hm^-2,只混养鲢和鳙夏花,采用常规饲养方法。2012年10月2日,试验池1平均每hm2产鱼21,025.5kg,其中松浦镜鲤平均全长34.3cm,体质量1425g,产量18,294.0kg;长丰鲢春片平均体质量674g,平均产量1,816.5kg,长丰鲢夏花平均全长18.6cm,体质量112.4g,平均产量592.5kg;鳙夏花平均全长达12.1cm,体质量39.9g,平均产量322.5kg。试验池2平均每hm2产鱼3,069.0kg,其中松浦镜鲤平均全长35.0cm,体质量1225g,平均产量2,766.0kg;鲢夏花平均全长达11.3cm,体质量24.9g,平均产量130.5kg;鳙夏花平均全长达11.1cm,体质量35.1g,平均产量172.5kg。试验表明,高密度养殖的松浦镜鲤产量显著高于密度低时,长丰鲢夏花的出池体质量是普通鲢的4.5倍,特殊生长率(6.27%·d^-1)是普通鲢(3.5%·d^-1)的1.79倍。文中还讨论了松浦镜鲤养殖池的水质和技术特点。  相似文献   

9.
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of pineapple waste extract (PWE) at levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% on growth performance of Nile tilapia (8.76 ± 0.17 g) for 8 weeks. PWE supplementation improved pepsin digestibility significantly but not protein digestibility. Thus, fish fed PWE showed better growth than those fed the control feed. The fish fed the feed supplemented with 1% PWE resulted in the optimum protein digestibility, growth, and feed utilization (P < 0.05). No significant differences among dietary treatments were found for free ammonia and total nitrogen excretion (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

10.
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究   总被引:94,自引:6,他引:94  
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢肝脏蛋白酶活性低于肠蛋白酶。肠蛋白酶活性,鳜鱼最高,其余依次为青鱼、鲤、鲢、草鱼、鲫。鳜鱼、鲢的肠蛋白酶活性由前肠向后肠递减;而青鱼、鲤、草鱼的则由前肠向后肠递增;鲫则中肠活性最低。六种鱼不同组织的脂肪酶活性因鱼而异。青鱼、鳜鱼、鲤、鲢肝脏中脂肪酶活性低于肠脂肪酶活性(P<0.01);而草鱼和鲫肝脏中脂肪酶活性与肠脂肪酶活性差异不明显(P>0.05)。六种鱼肝脏中脂肪酶活性由高到低依次为鳜鱼>鲢>鲫>草鱼>青鱼>鲤;肠脂肪酶活性顺序为鳜鱼>鲢>青鱼>鲤>草鱼>鲫。脂肪酶活性与鱼类食性无明显相关性。不同组织间淀粉酶活性存在差异。鳜鱼的肝脏和肠均有较高淀粉酶活性,青鱼和鲫肝脏中淀粉酶活性低于肠中的;草鱼、鲤和鲢肝脏中淀粉酶活性高于肠中的,但差异不显著。六种鱼中鳜鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性明显高于其它五种无胃鱼,它们的淀粉酶活性顺序依次为鳜鱼>鲢>鲤>草鱼>青鱼>鲫;肠淀粉酶活性顺序为鳜鱼>鲫>鲤>青鱼>鲢>草鱼。  相似文献   

11.
The ability of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally exposed to fipronil (FPN). Initially, the fish were fed a diet without (PhSe)2 or a diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of (PhSe)2 for 60 days. After the 60-day period, the fish were exposed to 0.65 µg/L of FPN for 192 h. The results showed that carp exposed to FPN and not fed with (PhSe)2 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition in brain and muscle, and increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) in liver, gills, and brain. Furthermore, FPN decreased nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) in carp liver and gills, and increased plasma glucose and protein levels. In silver catfish, FPN inhibited AChE and increased TBARS levels in muscle. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased in liver and muscle, and plasma glucose was increased. (PhSe)2 reversed some of these effects. It prevented the increase in TBARS levels in liver, gills, and brain in carp and in silver catfish muscle, and reversed the increase in plasma glucose levels in both species. Additionally, (PhSe)2 increased the NPSH levels in carp and silver catfish that had decreased in response to FPN exposure. However, (PhSe)2 was not effective in reversing the AChE inhibition in brain and muscle or the δ-ALA-D decrease in carp liver. Thus, (PhSe)2 protects tissues of both species of fish, mainly by preventing or counteracting the effects of FPN, on TBARS levels, antioxidants, and present anti-hyperglycemic property.  相似文献   

12.
Although silver carp bones (SCB) are generated as waste, they are a natural source of calcium and have the potential to be a food ingredient. When the SCB had been soaked in hot sodium hydroxide (0.8%), autoclaved, and ground into SCB powder (SCBP), the total calcium content, analyzed by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, was about 32%. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy specified hydroxyapatite as the major calcium component. The soluble calcium in SCBP was found to be 0.59% in de-ionized water. SCBP induced the cross-linking of proteins in minced fish after incubation at 40°C, as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Fortification of SCBP at 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% (w/w) in fish emulsion sausage resulted in a decrease of moisture content, while the fat and protein contents increased slightly. Total ash content in the sausage increased significantly, and total calcium content increased 15-fold in fortified SCBP. The hardness and gumminess values of sausage were improved with the addition of SCBP, while the microstructure was not altered by SCBP.  相似文献   

13.
This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis extract on quality of liquid smoked carp (Cyprinus carpio) sausage stored at 2°C for 9 weeks. Carp sausages were separated into three groups: control group, without propolis extract; second group, with 1% (w/w) propolis extract added; and third group, with 2% (w/w) propolis extract added. Propolis extract added carp sausages showed lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, peroxide value (PV), and free fatty acid (FFA) content compared to control during the storage period. During 9 weeks of storage, propolis extract added carp sausages showed significantly lower total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and psychrophilic bacteria count (PBC) than those of control samples (p < .05). Yeast and mold were not detected in all fish sausages throughout the storage period.  相似文献   

14.
为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明:通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ(P<0.05),而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。  相似文献   

15.
A sustainable semi-intensive pond aquaculture technology including major carp species (Indian, Chinese and common carp) as cash-crop and small indigenous fish species (SIS) as food for the farmers' families is being optimized in Bangladesh. Silver carp inclusion in the polyculture is now being considered, because this very efficient filter feeder has a strong impact on pond ecology and also on the farmers' family nutrition because it is a cheap fish that the family can afford to eat instead of selling. The present paper is centered on the reduction of silver carp negative effects on other species while keeping the advantages of increased total yield and income due to silver carp stocking. It presents the results of two experiments, one on-station and one on-farm, in which 3–5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or partially substituted major carp filter feeders. The basic stocking density was 100 carps (rohu, catla and a bottom feeder, either mrigal or common carp, at a 1:1:1 ratio) and 250 SIS (punti and mola) per 100 m2. In the on-station experiment silver carp density was 3 and 5 fish/100 m2 and the large carp bottom feeder was common carp. In the on-farm experiment silver carp density was 5 fish/100 m2 and the bottom feeder was either common carp or mrigal.Most of the water quality and fish performance parameters tested were not affected by the polyculture composition. Adding 3–5% silver carp or substituting 3–5% of the herbivorous fish species by this highly efficient filter feeder increased grazing pressure on the phytoplankton, which led to a 25–40% reduction of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column. The increased grazing pressure was not enough to affect other water quality parameters and fewer effects on the availability of food for the other fish species occurred than when the silver carp addition was 10% of the polyculture, as reported in a previous work. The strong negative effects of silver carp on the other species of the polyculture and the higher total yields and income recorded in previous experiments with the addition of 10 silver carp/100 m2 were much weaker and their expression depended on other pond conditions when 3 or 5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or substituted the same number of rohu or catla, either when the bottom feeder was mrigal or common carp. It was concluded that stocking 3 silver carp/100 m2 over the usual 100 large carp and 250 SIS /100 m2 can be considered a ‘no effect’ stocking density in relation to the control without silver carp, while stocking 10 silver carp/100 m2 should be preferred by farmers to keep the option of selling or consuming the silver carp.  相似文献   

16.
This study has evaluated the effects of different concentrations of the water and ethanolic extracts of Iranian propolis (WEP and EEP) on the microbiological and sensory parameters of minced common carp meat that was stored at 4°C for 9 days. The chemical compounds of the extracts were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The results revealed that WEP and EEP extracts were efficient against the spoilage microorganisms, including total plate counts (TPCs), psychrotrophic populations (PTCs), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and even Staphylococcus aureus. There was a significant difference in the bacteria growth between samples treated with WEP or EEP and the control sample during storage. Inhibitory effects were, respectively, 7% EEP > 5% EEP > 3% EEP > 7% WEP > 5% WEP > 3% WEP. In all treatments, PTC counts were higher than 7 log CFU/g after 6 days as well as TPC, LAB, and S. aureus populations after 9 days. Overall, the results show that EEP and WEP have good antimicrobial activity due to high phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including caffeic acid, tectochrysin, aceacetin, chrysin, pinostrobin, pinobanksin-3-acetate, galangin-3-methyl ester, and pinocembrin chalcone. Sensory evaluation shows very slight improvement in sensory properties (color, odor, texture, and overall acceptability) of the treated samples with the different extracts of Iranian propolis.  相似文献   

17.
张青  王锡昌  刘源 《水产学报》2009,33(4):692-696
为探明鲢肉挥发性气味特征物质,通过顶空固相微萃取法提取和浓缩了鲢肉中的挥发性物质,并利用气相色谱质谱联用以及气相色谱〖CD*7/9〗嗅觉测量法对气味物质进行了定性分析及气味特征的评价。由8人组成的评价小组通过检测频率法进行嗅觉测量。结果表明,经GCMS分析鉴定得到了29种挥发性气味物质,主要是一些羰基类和醇类化合物,占了总挥发性物质的88%。通过检测频率分析法鉴定出12种化合物具有气味特征,表现为鱼腥、金属、青草、油脂氧化、蘑菇等特征。另外有4种未知物也显示了较强的风味特性,它们协同作用构成了鲢的特殊气味。  相似文献   

18.
研究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)在冷冻-解冻过程中的品质变化规律。鲢于–18℃条件下冻藏10 d,流水解冻后再贮藏于–18℃条件下,5 d后解冻,共反复冷冻-解冻5次。在解冻1、3、5次后随机取3条鲢测定其解冻损失、蒸煮损失、硬度、咀嚼性、恢复性、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、L*值、b*值、盐溶性蛋白(SSP)含量、Ca2+-ATP酶活性、总巯基含量、表面疏水性和感官值等指标,评价反复冷冻-解冻对鲢品质的影响。结果表明,在第1次冷冻-解冻时,硬度、咀嚼性、恢复性、盐溶性蛋白(SSP)含量和Ca2+-ATP酶活性与鲢初始值相比显著降低(P<0.05),b*值和表面疏水性显著升高(P<0.05);解冻损失、L*值和TBA值在第3次冷冻-解冻时显著上升(P<0.05);总巯基含量在第5次冷冻-解冻时显著下降(P<0.05);而蒸煮损失在冷冻-解冻过程中没有显著变化(P>0.05);感官值在第5次冷冻-解冻时为47,感官品质已不可接受。各指标变化表明,鲢品质会随着反复冷冻-解冻次数增加而下降,在运输、贮藏和销售过程中要防止温度波动,避免反复冻融对鲢品质造成不利影响。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of marshmallow extract (Althaea officinalis L.) administration on blood cells and biochemical parameters of carp liver. A total of 150 carps (Cyprinus carpio, initial body mass of 37.7 ± 4.4 g) were fed diets containing 0.0 (control diet), 2.5, 5, and 10 g marshmallow extract for 60 days. On days 30 and 60 of the experiment blood samples were collected and hematological parameters and liver enzyme activities—aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—were measured. No significant difference was found (p > .05) in red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin concentration (Hb); hematocrit (Htc); mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH); or the percentage of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils in fish fed with different concentrations of marshmallow extract on days 30 and 60. However, the white blood cell (WBC) count was increased significantly in the fish fed for 60 days with feed supplemented with 5 g marshmallow extract (p < .05). The MCHC was increased signi?cantly in ?sh fed with diets supplemented with 2.5 g marshmallow extract for 60 days (p < .05). Administration of marshmallow extract (5 g) significantly increased (p < 0.05) lymphocytes on days 30 and 60. However, dietary intake of 10 g marshmallow extract had significantly decreased the monocyte percentage after 60 days. A significant increase was observed in AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH levels in livers of fish fed with extract 10 g, which may be attributed to cytotoxicity. However, marshmallow extract 2.5 and 5 g did not have adverse effects on liver enzymes. These results indicate that preclinical dietary supplementations of 2.5 and 5 g marshmallow extract per kg diet have no side effects on common carp.  相似文献   

20.
The biogenic amine contents in fillets of three freshwater fish of kutum (Rutilus frisii), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Caspian salmon (Salmon caspius) were monitored during storage at 4°C for 20 days. The amounts of biogenic amines were determined at regular intervals using high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with benzoyl chloride. Significant differences in the levels of selected biogenic amines among the fish samples were found (p < 0.05) during storage times. While the amount of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine in the fish fillets increased during the storage time, the changes in spermine and spermidine contents of the fish species were minor and both showed low and inverse correlations with storage time. For each of the three fish species, the sensory acceptability limit was found to be 4–8 days. The quality and biogenic amine indices of fish samples showed high correlation with storage time (r > 0.9). The principal component analysis of the results indicated that the formation of biogenic amines displays a certain behavioral pattern in all fish samples.  相似文献   

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