Changes in proximate composition,lipid class and fatty acid profile in Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) over an annual cycle

Greenshell? mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) is New Zealand's most important aquaculture species. This study looked at changes in the proximate composition, lipid class and fatty acid profile of male and female market ready mussels over a year from April 2016 through to March 2017. There were differences over the season as well as differences between male and female mussels. Winter GSM had lower lipid, carbohydrate and protein concentrations than other seasons. Female mussels had a higher lipid (on average 1.8 ± 0.5 g/100 g ww) and carbohydrate (on average 5.0 ± 1.1 g/100 g ww) compared with the males (lipid, 1.5 ± 0.4 g/100 g ww and carbohydrate 4.5 ± 1.2 g/100 g ww). The major differences observed between seasons in the omega 3 and fatty acids content of the GSM were driven by the fat content, with the highest fat content found in female mussels in the spring prior to spawning. The majority of lipids found in mussels are polar lipids. Overall, this study provides the most comprehensive data on the composition and the lipid content of GSM to date and provides solid base‐line data as the New Zealand GSM industry continues to improve their production procedures. The enhanced nutritional payload of mussels harvested outside of winter (particularly female mussels in spring) could drive a differentiated higher value mussel product.     

Chemical Characteristics of Different Tissues of Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus)

Proximate compositions of dorsal, ventral, leg, and tail cuts of farmed spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) were determined. The water, protein, fat, and ash contents of muscle were 77–78%, 19–23%, 0.3–1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The dominant nucleotide-related compound in the tissues was inosine monophosphate (IMP) (68.6–84.9%). The predominant free amino acids (FAAs) in the muscle of spectacled caiman were taurine (Tau), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), and histidine (His), along with a dipeptide of anserine (Ans) (80–183 mg/100 g) and carnosine (Car) (35–103 mg/100 g) being detected in each sample. The major fatty acid composition included palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1 cis-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), and stearic (C18:0) acids. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (4.27–8.76%) was higher than that of eicosapentaenoic acid (0.99–2.24%). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid in spectacled caiman (0.83–1.19) was higher than that in other commonly consumed meat. Meat from the spectacled caiman can be characterized as a valuable food for human consumption in terms of these nutritional features.     

Proximate Composition and Nutritional Quality of the Meat of the Squat Lobster Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1973)

ABSTRACT

The squat lobster Munida gregaria has been recognized as a potential resource in several countries. However, data about its composition and nutritional value are scarce. This study provides information about the nutrients and nutritional quality of M. gregaria meat. Meat yield, proximate composition, cholesterol content, and fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AAs) profiles were analyzed, and nutritional quality indexes were estimated. The average meat yield was 9.93%. The yearly average of the proximate composition of the M. gregaria meat (g/100 g meat) was moisture = 77.6, protein = 13.7, lipids = 3.84, and ash = 2.19. The average annual cholesterol content was 6.60 mg/100 g. The predominant FA (%) was C20:5ω3 (23.6), followed by C18:1ω9c (20.9), C22:6ω3 (18.5), and C16:0 (16.3); the unsaturated fatty acids were 72.8% of the total FA. The main AAs (g/100 g protein) were glutamic acid (15.1), leucine (9.47), and aspartic acid (8.51). Regarding the nutritional quality, the polyunsaturated FA/saturated FA ratio (1.99), ω3/ω6 ratio (8.62), atherogenic index (0.26), thrombotic index (0.56), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (4.07), and polyene index (2.58) showed that M. gregaria meat provides lipids that are beneficial to the human diet. Moreover, M. gregaria meat provides high-quality proteins, which are well balanced in their essential AAs composition.     

Antioxidant Properties and Arsenic Speciation of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Derived Abalone Viscera Hydrolysate Fraction

A fraction with molecular weight of 0.2–1.0 kDa was prepared from abalone viscera hydrolysate by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. The contents of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in abalone viscera were 45.75%, 18.19%, and 13.60%, respectively. The protein in abalone viscera hydrolysate faction (AVHF) reached up to 75.73%, while carbohydrate and fat fell to 1.80% and 0.20%, respectively. The leucine (Leu) content was the highest in the AVHF. On the other hand, the hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and reducing power increased with increased concentration of AVHF. The inhibiting ability of AVHF on lipid peroxidation was higher than that of ascorbic acid. The total content of K, Na, and P in AVHF was 9.78 g/100 g, and total arsenic content reached 16.23 mg/kg. The proportion of arsenobetaine and arsenocholine accounted for more than 96%, while the proportion of arsenate was 0.47%, and arsenite was not detectable. It is concluded that the AVHF from abalone viscera is a safe natural antioxidant.     

Nutrient Composition of Raw and Cooked Meat of Male Southern King Crab (Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782)

This study provides information about nutrient composition of adult males of southern king crab (Lithodes santolla). Proximate composition of raw and cooked meat (g/100 g meat) averaged: moisture?=?80.9 and 78.6, protein?=?14.6 and 16.3, fat?=?0.70 and 0.76, and ash?=?2.03 and 2.10, respectively. Arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, and aspartic acid (20.4, 9.4, 8.0, and 7.9 g aa/100 g protein, respectively) were the major amino acids. The predominant fatty acid was 18:1n-9c (21.8 and 22.1%), followed by 20:5n-3 (17.1 and 21.8%), 16:0 (15.8 and 15.3%), and 22:6n-3 (11.0 and 13.5%). Cooked meat contained more cholesterol (51.0 mg/100 g meat) and phospholipids (60.1 mg/100 g meat) than raw meat (37.3 and 13.9 mg/100 g meat, respectively), with phosphatidylcholine representing over 80% of the total phospholipid content. The main tocopherol was α-tocopherol (raw meat?=?1.30 mg/100 g meat, cooked meat?=?1.14 mg/100 g meat). Major mineral contents of raw and cooked meat (mg/100 g meat) were: Na?=?509 and 594, K?=?179 and 203, Ca?=?114 and 197, P?=?126 and 143, Mg?=?34 and 41, Fe?=?1.26 and 1.86, and Zn?=?1.88 and 2.64, respectively. Thus, the nutritional quality of the cooked meat of the southern king crab makes it especially adequate for cholesterol-restricted, balanced low-fat meat diets.     

短须裂腹鱼营养成分分析与品质评价

采用生化方法对短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)的常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行了分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价,为其养殖生产及饲料配制提供理论依据。2015年5月采集当年人工繁殖的短须裂腹鱼幼鱼200尾作为实验材料,体长为5~8 cm,体重为3.12~4.51 g,分成4个混合样本进行检测分析。结果表明,短须裂腹鱼鲜样中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分分别为(70.66±1.50)%、(14.24±0.40)%、(12.83±1.44)%和(2.05±0.11)%。共检测出17种氨基酸,总量为(10.88±0.21)%,必需氨基酸总量(5.05±0.11)%,非必需氨基酸总量为(5.83±0.10)%;依据氨基酸评分(AAS),短须裂腹鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val),第二限制性氨基酸为异亮氨酸(Ile);依据化学评分,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys),第二限制性氨基酸为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸(Phe+Tyr)。共检测出17种脂肪酸,总量为(84.39±7.20)mg/100 g,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸以及多不饱和脂肪酸分别为(24.95±2.22)mg/100 g、(38.69±3.29)mg/100 g、(20.22±1.60)mg/100 g。综合分析认为短须裂腹鱼是具有食用价值和资源开发潜力。     

Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788); A Seasonally Comparative Study

Sea cucumbers belonging to the Holothuroidea class are a group of worm-like and soft-bodied echinoderms that live in nearly all marine environments. Mediterranean Holothuria tubulosa is an economic sea cucumber species found in Turkish seas. This study aimed to present the first report of detailed amino acid profile and investigate the biochemical and nutritional characteristics of H. tubulosa seasonally collected from one of the densest natural beds, located at Çanakkale Strait (Southern Coast of Marmara Sea), Turkey. According to our results, the highest protein, lipid, and ash contents (%) were found to be 10.2, 1.9, and 5.1, respectively. The highest percentages of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 42.9, 28.3, and 37.8, respectively. Total amino acids (mg/g crude protein) ranged between 867.2 and 974.0 among all seasons. All essential amino acids were found in body wall tissues and ranged between 7.1 and 5.9. Mineral composition was found to be desirable at the recommended and threshold levels. In general, the proximate composition of H. tubulosa was directly affected by seasons (p < .05); however, amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral compositions were found to be similar among all seasons, except summer (p > .05).     

An attempt to improve the reproductive efficiency of Nile tilapia brood stock fish

A field study was conducted on brood stock Nile tilapia to increase the propagation. Both sexes were individually stocked into Habas (enclosures) in an earthen pond and fed for 19 days on a basal diet supplemented with different additives at graded levels of each (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g Therigon^®; 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g Nuvisol Hatch P^®; 20, 40 and 60 mg Gibberellic acid and 700, 900 and 1,100 mg L-carnitine/Kg diet). The obtained results were evaluated, and the best treatment for each sex was chosen for mating. Results indicated that all pretreatments for male and female brood stocks of Nile tilapia positively affected the total count of the offspring produced. Yet, the Haba, in which the females were pretreated with 0.5 g Therigon^®/Kg diet and the males pretreated with 700 mg L-carnitine/Kg diet, gave the highest total count of the offspring comparing with the other Habas. But, because of the high feed cost due to the additives cost, 0.5 g Therigon^®/kg diet as pretreatment for ♀ only (3rd Haba), 2 g Nuvisol Hatch P^®/Kg diet as pretreatment for ♀ only (5th Haba), followed by 0.5 g Therigon^® and 700 mg L-carnitine/Kg diet for ♀ and ♂, respectively (4th Haba), respectively were the best economically.     

Effects of Culinary Methods on Nutritional Characteristics of the Edible Shellfish Noah’s Ark (Arca noae L., 1758) from Tunisian Coasts

Bivalves are known for their high nutritional value and are considered a healthy food for human consumption. The effect of different cooking methods (steaming, boiling, grilling, and frying) on proximate and fatty acid composition of Arca noae (Bivalvia: Linnaeus 1758) were determined. The comparison of raw and cooked Ark shell showed that the cooking had considerable effects on the nutritional quality of this species. Significant changes in moisture (%), protein (mg/g of flesh), total lipid (mg/g of flesh), and fatty acid composition (mg/g dry weight) were observed after cooking as compared to fresh Ark shell (p < 0.05). However, the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxide value (PV) showed that all cooking treatments led to lipid oxidation. Steaming, boiling, and grilling were found to be a suitable and healthier cooking processes for A. noae, since they conserve the amount of n-3 PUFA better as compared to frying.     

转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼与非转基因唐鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和比较

对含有外源基因的转红色荧光蛋白基因唐龟(简称:转基因唐鱼)和同胞家系中不含有外源基因唐鱼(简称:非转基因唐鱼)肌肉中的一般营养成分、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析和比较.结果表明:转基因唐鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白含量粗灰分含量高于非转基因唐鱼,粗脂肪含量低于非转基因唐鱼,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);转基因唐鱼和非...     

Comparative Variations of Extractive Nitrogenous Components and Quality in Fresh Muscle and Dried Product of Rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Variations in the level of quality and extractive nitrogenous components were investigated in the fresh muscle and commercial dried products of rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens collected from Penghu, Taiwan. The respective freshness quality for fresh muscle is as follows: trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), 29.50 mg N/100 g; trimethylamine (TMA), 2.30 mg N/100 g; NH₃, 6.61 mg/100 g; total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), 13.32 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 1.53 log CFU/g; and K-value, 28.80%. The respective freshness quality for dried products is as follows: TMAO, 43.44 mg N/100 g; TMA, 25.56 mg N/100 g wet wt.; NH₃, 52.00 mg/100 g wet wt.; TVBN, 149.98 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 4.16 log CFU/g; and K-value, 89.73%. The major fatty acids in the fresh muscle and dried products are C16:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:0, C16:1 C22:6 n-3, and C22:5 n-3. The major nucleotide compound is inosine 5?-monophosphate (IMP) in the fresh muscle (68%) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in the dried products (79%). The level of total free amino acids in the dried products shows significant variation depending on the processing method of the plants.     

Effects of hormonal manipulation on stress responses in male and female broodstocks of pikeperch Sander lucioperca

This study was designed to determine the effects of hormonal manipulation on stress responses in female and male pikeperch. Two-year-old cultured female and male broodstocks with an average weight of 337.4 ± 20.1 (mean ± SE; n = 16) and 318.7 ± 15.1 g (n = 16), respectively, were randomly allocated into four hormonal treatments each containing 4 fish. Two sexual groups of 16 fish for each gender were considered. Sexually mature male and female pikeperch were injected with either physiological saline solution (as control group), common carp pituitary extract (CPE), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa₂). The blood samples were taken before hormonal injection and after ovulation and spermiation. Then the plasma levels of stress indices (cortisol, glucose, and lactate) were determined. The results showed that all CPE-, HCG-, and LHRHa_2- injected males produced sperm. In females treated with CPE and hCG, three of four ovulated, but none of LHRHa_2- and saline-injected fish spawned. Significant changes in cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels were observed among the females injected with different hormones. Plasma cortisol and glucose levels increased significantly in males injected with CPE and females injected with hCG, but no significant change was observed in lactate levels before and after hormonal induction. Comparison of two sexes revealed significant differences in glucose levels for females in some groups before injection, while CPE-injected sexes showed significant changes in cortisol and lactate concentrations. The results indicated that the induction of ovulation or spermiation stimulated stress responses especially in female pikeperch, and therefore, all the procedures should be made to minimize the disturbance during the artificial spawning.     

Studies on the Development of Small Abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) Essence and its Antioxidative Properties

Essences of small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) were prepared by two methods, steaming and boiling. The chemical constituents and antioxidative properties of these essences were determined and compared to those of commercial freshwater clam essence (CFCE). Boiled small abalone essence (BSAE) contained more total soluble solids than steamed small abalone essence (SSAE). Total soluble solids and peptide content of both essences increased with longer extraction time. Glycogen contents of SSAE, BSAE, and CFCE were 14.01, 13.95, and 10.74 mg/mL, respectively. The concentrations of free amino acids in SSAE and BSAE (725.05 and 818.56 mg/100 g, respectively) were significantly higher than in CFCE (33.57 mg/100 g). The antioxidative properties of SSAE and BSAE were higher than that of CFCE. The reducing power and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) chelating activity of 3-h SSAE were significantly higher than those of 10-min BSAE. The predominant free amino acid of both SSAE and BSAE was taurine (227.14–273.64 mg/100 g), followed by proline and arginine. Both essences also showed high correlations between peptide content and Fe²⁺ chelating activity and reducing power. Sensory evaluation trials suggested that 3-h SSAE is more favorable than BSAE in terms of appearance and overall acceptability. In conclusion, SSAE had better antioxidative properties and sensory scores than BSAE.     

中华绒螯蟹“蟹黄”与“蟹膏”的营养成分比较分析

本试验对中华绒螯蟹"蟹黄"与"蟹膏"的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪、脂肪酸、卵磷脂和维生素等营养成分进行了测定分析。试验结果表明,蟹黄与蟹膏中的粗蛋白质含量为29.79%和9.64%,蟹黄显著高于蟹膏(P0.05);至少共含有17种氨基酸,蟹黄中的必需氨基酸显著高于蟹膏(P0.05),4种致鲜氨基酸比例明显高于蟹膏(P0.05);蟹黄、蟹膏中粗脂肪含量为44.3%和34.9%,差异不显著(P0.05),不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,蟹黄高于蟹膏,差异不显著(P0.05);蟹黄中卵磷脂、维生素A、D、E的含量均显著高于蟹膏(P0.05)。试验表明,蟹黄比蟹膏具有更高的营养与食用价值。     

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Orange Mud Crab,Scylla olivacea

The proximate composition and antioxidant properties of the muscle tissues of Scylla olivacea are reported herein. The carbohydrate content was in the range of 1.52% to 3.07%, while protein varied from 13.30% to 17.28%. Meanwhile, the fat content for S. olivacea was found to be ranging from 0.20% to 0.57%. The moisture content in S. olivacea was 60.00%. Generally, no significant differences were observed in both male and female tissues of S. olivacea regarding its total phenolic content, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and superoxide dismutase activities. However, significant differences were observed for the total flavonoid content and activity of catalase. The present results revealed the nutritional information and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status of the tissues of S. olivacea.     

Dietary biotin requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (Bloch)

ABSTRACT

Dietary biotin requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (4.52 ± 0.46 g) was estimated by conducting a 16-week growth trial. Fish were fed casein gelatin-based purified diets (450 g/kg crude protein, 18.39 kJ/g gross energy) with seven levels of dietary biotin (0, 0.04, 0.09, 0.47, 1.02, 1.43, and 1.96 mg/kg diet) to triplicate groups near to satiation. Significantly higher absolute weight gain (P = 0.0018), specific growth rate (P = 0.0027), protein gain (P = 0.0016), protein deposition (P = 0.0038), and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.0003) were shown in fish fed diet containing 0.47 mg/kg biotin, whereas liver biotin concentration showed a significant improvement (P = 0.0021) with increasing levels of dietary biotin up to 1.02 mg/kg. Broken-line analysis of absolute weight gain, protein gain, and liver biotin concentrations indicated that fingerling C. punctatus require biotin at 0.46, 0.44, and 0.97 mg/kg diet. Based on protein gain, optimum pyridoxine requirement for fingerling C. punctatus is recommended at 0.44 mg/kg diet.     

The Effects of Sex and Seasonality on the Metal Levels of Warty Crab (Eriphia verrucosa) in the Black Sea

The present paper examines the impacts of gender and season variables on the nutritional composition and metal levels of warty crab caught in the central Black Sea region (Ordu). Crab samples were caught over four seasons, using gillnets, trammel net, and SCUBA diving. Results of chemical analysis showed that protein, lipid, moisture, and total mineral substance level ranges of male crabs were 20.45–22.64%, 0.95–1.27%, 75.44–77.09%, and 1.63–2.08%, while these ranges in female individuals were determined as 19.45–21.46%, 0.63–0.92%, 75.44–77.44%, and 2.08–3.28%, respectively. Macro and trace element levels in crab muscle tissue were determined as K > P > Na > Ca > Mg and Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > Se > Ni > Mo > Co, respectively. Cd and Pb levels in crab muscle tissue were determined to be lower than the limit values given in codices independent of the seasonal variables. However, as the levels were found to be above the limit values, metal concentrations in crabs were also evaluated based on provisional tolerable daily intake and provisional tolerable weekly intake limits.     

Quality Characterization of Wafers Enriched with Fish Powder Developed from Small Bony Fish

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to improve the nutritional quality of wafers by utilizing fish powder developed from small bony fish at 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels. Quality evaluation of produced wafers in terms of nutritional, physical, sensory, and shelf life characteristics was performed. Results revealed a significant increase (p < .05) in protein (8.07 ± 0.34 to 23.34 ± 0.43 g/100 g), fat (1.08 ± 0.85 to 4.69 ± 0.78 g/100 g), and ash content (3.67 ± 0.47 to 8.33 ± 0.30 g/100 g) of wafers with increased supplementation of fish powder. No significant change in diameter, thickness, or weight per wafer was observed; however, water absorption capacity (212.67 ± 2.52 to 71.67 ± 2.89 ml/100 g), fat absorption capacity (164.00 ± 3.60 to 66.00 ± 5.29 ml/100 g), and linear expansion (139.17 ± 6.16 to 76.40 ± 2.11^%) reduced significantly (p < .05) on increasing level of fish powder in the produced wafers. Color analyses revealed a significant decrease in L* (89.57 ± 1.25 to 46.89 ± 1.06) and b* (7.25 ± 0.09 to 18.59 ± 0.8) value and significant increase in a* value (?0.54 ± 0.01 to 3.87 ± 0.03) with increasing fish powder supplementation. There was no significant (p > .05) alteration in sensory attributes of wafers with fish powder incorporation up to 20%. The produced wafers also had good storage stability, with peroxide value, free fatty acid, and total plate count within acceptable limits up to two months of storage.     

Seasonal Changes in Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) from the Mediterranean Sea of Turkey

This study represents a first report on the proximate composition and fatty acid profile of Lagocephalus sceleratus from the Mediterranean Sea as well as seasonal changes and sexual differences. Significant variations in the proximate composition were observed during the months of the study (p < 0.05). The highest moisture, fat, protein, and ash contents were found to be 78.47, 0.33, 21.62, and 1.63%, respectively. Total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid values were similar throughout the year despite individual variations of 24.22–29.46 and 7.87–13.94%, respectively. However, significant variations were observed in total polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as significant differences between sexes (p < 0.05) with some exceptions. The major fatty acid was found as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), between 24.17 and 32.65%. Due to the low fat content of this species, the highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA values were calculated as 80.93 mg/100 g of edible muscle. The results indicated that this species contains high nutritional properties in terms of protein content and fatty acid values.     

紫海胆黄基本营养成分的分析与评价

为了测定紫海胆黄中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统分析及合理评价,采用国家标准的生化测定方法以及美国化学分析方法(AOAC)检测海胆黄中的水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示:海胆黄粉中水分含量(5.29±0.02)%,粗灰分(8.69±0.03)%,粗蛋白质(60.36±0.04)%,粗脂肪(25.32±0.09)%,总糖含量(0.044±0.002)mg/100 g;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量(46.50±0.89)%;谷氨酸含量最高,为(5.57±0.11)%;必须氨基酸占总氨基酸的(37.75±0.01)%;主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和亮氨酸;药效氨基酸占氨基酸总量的46.86%;蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)0.8,化学评分(CS)0.5;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为77.86;共检出30种脂肪酸,EPA(二十碳五烯酸)+DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量(2.43±005)%;海胆黄富含钾、磷、钠、镁、铁、锌等矿物质元素;常量元素中,磷元素含量最高,为(1 432.27±8.91)mg/100 g;微量元素中,锌元素含量最高,为(13.13±0.09)mg/100 g。研究表明,海胆黄中蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸种类多、比例合理,脂质含量高且富含EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质含量丰富。