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1.
为了提高林分尺度下单木参数的识别精度,研究了基于三维激光扫描的单木胸径和树高的辨识方法。在东北林业大学实验林场,采用Trimble S60三维激光扫描仪,对104株蒙古栎进行多测站扫描,获得样本树的点云数据。在对点云数据进行配准、去噪、地形数据提取、切片栅格化等一系列处理基础上,基于霍夫变换和连续生长法分别构建了胸径和树高的提取方法,对林分尺度下单木定位识别、胸径和树高提取精度进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:所构建方法单木定位识别精度均值为87.50%,胸径和树高提取的均方根误差分别为2.88 cm、2.61 m。  相似文献   

2.
园林植物叶面积指数研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文对园林植物叶面积指数(LAI)研究的进展进行了综述,详细介绍了LAI的定义、LAI的主要测定方法、LAI与枝干的相关关系、LAI的应用现状,并对园林植物叶面积指数的研究前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
通过破坏性抽样、相片网格法和落叶采受器法,获得了印度Shoolpaneshwar野生动物禁猎区内生长的柚木和印度实竹叶面积指数。建立了一个异速生长方程来决定两个树种的叶面积指数。结果表明,异速生长方程获得的叶面积指数与破坏性抽样、相片网格法和落叶采受器法评估得到的指数值相近;2种测定方式下,柚木的均方根误差分别是0.90和1.15,印度实竹的均方根误差分别为0.38和0.46。估计的和计算获得的叶面积指数值匹配性较好,说明用建立的方程计算得到的2个树种叶面积指数的准确性较好。总之,冠幅伸展是一个估计树木叶面积较好的且敏感的参数。本文所提出的方程可以用作估计热带柚木和印度实竹叶面积指数。图4表1参22。  相似文献   

4.
Deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBF), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LF) and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations (PF) are three typical forest communities in the warm temperate zone of the Dongling Mountains. In this study, we used an indirect method, hemispheric photography, to measure and analyze the dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) and canopy openness of the three forest communities. The results show that the LAI values of DBF and LF increased gradually with plant growth and development. The highest LAI value appeared in August, while canopy openness changed inversely with LAI. The lowest value appeared in November. DBF maintained a higher LAI in August and had a more open canopy in November compared with LF. For PF, we observed little changes in the LAI and canopy openness which was attributed to the leaf retention of this evergreen species. However, a similar relation between LAI and canopy openness was found for the three forest communities: canopy openness varied inversely with LAI. The relation is exponential and significant. Therefore, canopy openness is a good indicator of LAI in forests. This result can be used to test the validity of the LAI based on remote sensing and to provide a reference for the study of the canopy heterogeneity and its effect. This also benefits modeling for fluxes of carbon, water and energy from the level of the stand to landscape. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 431–436 [译自: 植物生态学报]  相似文献   

5.
基于Photoshop软件测量植物叶面积的白纸背景法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用叶面积和背景白纸面积的比等于叶面积和背景白纸所占的像素比的原理,将待测叶片平铺在白纸背景上,利用手机相机拍摄图像,在Photoshop CS5软件上处理后分别得出叶片和白纸的总像素,最后计算出叶片面积。通过和winRHIZO系统测量得出的叶面积相比较,测量误差为-0.889%~0.632%,变异系数在0.51%以内。与其他测量叶面积的方法、或相同原理不同参照物的测量叶面积方法比较,白纸背景法具有使用器材便携易得、操作简单、可大批量测量、精确度高等优点,在林业、农业、园艺等领域具有很强的应用性和实用性。  相似文献   

6.
基于叶重的桉树单叶面积估计模型   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
叶面积是树木生长模型和树木的生理过程的一个重要参数。根据叶重量估计叶面积。本文以我国南方主要树种桉树为对象,实测了从25株桉树上摘取的455片桉树叶子的重量和面积,分别建立了基于叶鲜重的嫩叶与成熟叶单叶面积预测模型。其中80%的数据用于建模,20%的数据用于模型验证。基于模型拟合效果、误差和残差分布,确定了成熟叶和嫩叶的叶面积模型分别为幂函数和线性方程。经检验,模型精度均达95%以上。建立的模型为估计单叶面积提供了一个简单可靠的方法,并且在桉树的结构-功能模型研究中有应用潜力。  相似文献   

7.
Coarse woody debris (CWD) has been recognized as one of the strongest indicators of forest biodiversity and its assessment has been emphasized in the development of new inventory methods. In this study, the most commonly referenced probability sampling methods were tested in a field area of 305.8 ha to gain comparative information on their performance and efficiency. Simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling and cluster sampling with fixed sized circular sample plots were tested, as well as strip sampling, transect relascope sampling and adaptive cluster sampling (ACS). Point relascope sampling and line intersect sampling were also tested for inventories of downed dead wood volumes. In addition, the amount of standing dead wood was assessed by means of traditional small angle relascope sampling. In general, the use of additional information in the inventory process has shown promising results. A new method for using data derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) as a source of auxiliary information in the assessment of CWD volumes is presented, using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling for the selection of the first-stage sample units in ACS (ACSPPS) and for the placement of fixed sized plots (PLOTPPS). The sampling methods were compared in terms of the cost-effectiveness. Point relascope sampling proved the most efficient sampling method for inventorying CWD volumes. PLOTPPS and ACSPPS were more efficient than the inventory of fixed sized plots (PLOTSRS) and ACS (ACSSRS) where sample units were selected with SRS. However, these methods could not achieve the same efficiency as relascope samplings. Nevertheless, the use of probability layers derived from ALS data gave promising results and offers new possibilities for inventorying CWD volumes more efficiently.  相似文献   

8.
Woody materials (woody area index, WAI) is a key error source in estimating leaf area index (LAI) by optical methods, but how to correct the error caused by WAI during different seasons has not reached consensus. In this study, effective plant area index (PAIe) was first estimated using two indirect optical methods (digital hemispherical photography, DHP, and LAI-2000) in a deciduous needleleaf forest, and then four different schemes for correcting the contribution of WAI to PAIe were tested here. We also directly estimated the seasonality of LAI by a litter collection method and an allometric method. Directly subtracting WAI from PAI resulted in a greater degree of uncertainty in correcting seasonal changes of PAIe from both DHP and LAI-2000. Therefore, we introduced a new correction factor, the stem-to-total area ratio, which was reasonable and useful for quantifying seasonal changes in the contribution of WAI to PAIe. We finally recommend a practical scheme for correcting PAIe from both DHP and LAI-2000, with accuracies as high as 88% and 87% during most growing seasons, respectively. Additionally, LAI values estimated from allometry were concordant with those estimated from litter collection, indicating that the allometry method is useful for tracking seasonal changes in LAI.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

Forest productivity is a crucial variable in forest planning, usually expressed as site index (SI). In Nordic commercial forest inventories, SI is commonly estimated by a combination of aerial image interpretation, field assessment and information obtained from previous inventories. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) data can alternatively be used for SI estimation, however the economic utilities of the inventory methods have not been compared. We compared seven methods of SI estimation in a cost-plus-loss analysis, by which we added the expected economic losses due to sub-optimal treatment decisions to the inventory costs. The methods comprised direct and indirect estimation from combinations of ALS, DAP and stand register data, and manual interpretation from aerial imagery supported by field assessment and information from previous inventories (conventional practices). The choice of method had great impact on both the accuracy and the economic value of the produced estimates. Direct methods using bitemporal ALS and DAP data gave the best accuracy and the smallest total cost. DAP was a suitable and low-cost data source for SI estimation. Estimation from single-date ALS and DAP data and age obtained from the stand register provided practical alternatives when applied to even-aged stands.  相似文献   

10.
木本植物群落具有遮阴和辐射消减的功能,可以缓解城市夏季的热岛效应。为定量研究城市公园木本植物群落的辐射消减效应,选择江门市城区公园24个木本植物景观单元,采用半球面影像技术获取林冠影像,分析模拟城市公园植被冠层结构和林下光照条件。结果表明:1)江门城区公园木本植物景观单元的叶面积指数(ILAI)处于0.88~2.22之间,低于自然环境植被IN,LAI水平;2)冠层对光照的辐射消减率随ILAI的增加而增大,ILAI与直射光消减率和散射光消减率均呈极显著正相关;3)城区公园树木景观单元林冠下直射光的变异程度强于林下散射光,林冠对直射光的影响大于散射光;4)城市公园林冠对直射光和散射光的消减作用极显著,月际变化呈单峰分布,以6~8月消减量最大。  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of this study was to test a method for delineating individual tree crowns based on a fully automated recognition methodology. The study material included small-footprint time-of-flight laser scanner data acquired in the spring and summer of 2002. The data were collected with a Toposys II airborne laser system flown over the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) dominated forests of the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. The applied algorithm, which earlier had been validated for Swedish forest conditions, is a watershed algorithm that is based on the use of laser scanning data. 2584 trees in a total of 28 representative reference stands, each 0.1–0.25 ha in area, were included in the investigation. With the algorithm, 76.9% of the trees in the upper layer could be recognised. This corresponds to 85.2% of the timber volume determined by ground measurements. The results for conifers were more accurate in this respect than for deciduous trees. A negative aspect was the number of falsely identified trees, the percentage of which was 5.4%.  相似文献   

12.
A method and algorithm for reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) surface of stems based on terrestrial laser scanner data from standing trees is presented. Laser scanning delivers a dense cloud of points, and this raw point data are filtered for deriving a digital terrain model and subsequent fitting of a parametric stem model. The stem model is made up of a sequence of successive cylinders that overlap in space; each cylinder is parameterized by its orientation and radius. The model is estimated iteratively from a given starting point and by adding cylinder segments. Successive segments are added whenever criteria on deviation in orientation and radius relative to the previous cylinder and a fit statistic to the point data are met. The method has proven applicable when applied to a European beech tree and a wild cherry tree from dense forest stands. The use of the resulting 3D reconstruction of tree stems in respect to diameter in breast height and height of crown base calculation, as well as taper, sweep and lean assessment of standing trees, is described. Finally, desirable future improvements to the basic algorithm are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
城市森林降温效应影响因素研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城市森林是缓解城市热岛效应的重要绿色基础设施。本文探讨影响城市森林降温效应的内、外因素及作用机制,为优化城市森林结构、缓解城市热岛效应提供参考。影响城市森林降温效应的内部因素从单木尺度上主要有树种、树冠结构和树冠形状,从林分尺度上主要有林分类型、林分结构、绿量、林分面积和形状,城区尺度主要应用遥感方法对城市森林降温效应进行研究,主要指标有归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和景观格局指数;影响城市森林降温效应的外部因素有气候、地面类型和经营措施等;内部因素及外部因素通过影响林内外能量的流动和交换,共同影响城市森林降温效应。缓解城市热岛效应,一方面要加强理论研究,重视温度场理论,结合地面观测与遥感解译,充分研究林分结构与城市森林能量传输的关系,另一方面需加强城市森林的经营管理,从促进热量交换的角度优化林分结构,合理布局城市建筑、森林和水体等基础设施,实现降温效应最大化。  相似文献   

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