共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
LU WenmingResearch Institute of Forestry Policy Information Chinese Academy of Forestry. Wan Shou Shan. Beijing China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2002,(2)
The paper elaborates in details certification mechanism for sustainableforest management, including the definition, contents, objectives, costs, benefits, characteristics, procedures and impacts of certification as well as main certification systems. It also introduces in details the latest progress and development perspectives of certification in China and around the world. Certification is a market-based mechanism, which aims at enhancing and strengthening the reasonable utilization offorests. It usually consists of certification for sustainable forest management and certification of COC. Certification costs, including direct costs and indirect costs, but also benefits, which depends on the level of certification outputs. Internationally recognized FSC certification has been widely developed around the world, and a number of international organizations such as the WB and WWF etc are also promoting the process of FSC certification. Certification has bright perspectives of development around the world, 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Solomon Tadesse Muluneh Woldetsadik Feyera Senbeta 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):604-622
ABSTRACTThis study examines a participatory forest management program and its impacts on forest conditions in Gebradima Forest, southwest Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected from both participatory forest management (PFM) and nonparticipatory forest management (non-PFM) forest blocks. A total of 54 plots (27 from each forest block) measuring 20 m × 20 m were employed to collect species composition and structural data. Results indicated that a total of 51 different woody plant species (49 at PFM and 43 at non-PFM blocks), representing 31 families were recorded, with 41 species were shared for both forest sites. Species diversity and evenness were higher in the forest with PFM (H´ = 3.29, E = .85) compared to the forest without PFM (H´ = 2.97, E = .79). The overall mean values of tree/shrub and seedling density per hectare, diameter class (≤ 20 cm) were also significantly (p < .05) higher in PFM forest than non-PFM forests. However, no significant variations were observed in sapling density per hectare and basal area between the two studied forest blocks. It can be concluded that PFM had a positive effect on forest conditions compared with a similar forest without PFM. Hence, it is important to scaling up PFM in neighboring forests. 相似文献
5.
Remote sensing observations over areas of the former Soviet Union suggest that there may be important ongoing influences on forested landscapes resulting from divergent land use and forest management associated with the Soviet versus post-Soviet eras. As the Russian Federation implements its new Forest Code and associated regulations, knowledge of existing forest patterns and trends, plus the development of methods with which to understand the landscape-level influence of different forest management strategies is increasingly important. We developed spatial–temporal models and projections of forest patterns and trends over Soviet and early post-Soviet forest management eras for a study site in the Lake Baikal region in southern Siberia. We used Landsat-derived land-cover data, logistic regressions, and Markov and cellular automata methods (CA–Markov) to characterize patterns and trends 1975–1989 and 1990–2001, and to develop predictive scenarios through 2013. Relationships of forest types (Conifer, Mixed, Deciduous) and Agriculture to other explanatory environmental variables indicated mostly consistent forest–environment relationships, but some different spatial relationships between eras were found for Cut and Regeneration disturbance types. Landscape proportional trends showed greater differences between eras. Cut proportions observed via Landsat in 2001 were approximately 74% lower, and the area of Conifer observed was approximately 14% higher, than modeled proportions predicted for 2001 using 1975–1989 Soviet era transition rates. The proportion of Cut projected for 2013 was about 80% lower when based on early post-Soviet era probabilities. Overall, modeled results indicate that should early post-Soviet trends continue, low rates of logging, some agricultural abandonment, re-growing forests especially near access routes, increases in deciduous cover, along with continued or increased fire events in mixed and conifer forests will define the landscape. Should forest management change, for example to Soviet era rates and patterns of harvest, different outcomes are projected. More broadly, results highlight the real and prospective effects that divergent management strategies can have on forested landscapes, and demonstrate that land-cover data combined with emerging spatial–temporal modeling methods provide an approach to understand and project the complex and ongoing influences associated with changing forest management at landscape scales. 相似文献
6.
7.
美国的森林经营与森林认证现状及对我们的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国是世界上森林经营水平较高的国家之一,从国家林业计划、森林生态系统经营、可持续经营标准和指标等方面分析了美国森林可持续经营状况,并介绍了美国森林经营及森林认证的有关情况,借鉴美国森林可持续经营的经验,提出了我国森林可持续经营和森林认证的对策。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
永林公司森林可持续经营目标指标体系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以实现永林公司森林可持续经营为目标,针对公司的资源状况与经营实践,提出由6大标准共43个指标构成的林业企业级的森林可持续经营目标指标体系,以期为南方集体林区林业企业的森林可持续经营提供借鉴。 相似文献
14.
15.
建立与集体林权制度改革相适应的光泽县森林经营和森林防火新机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过分析光泽县集体林权制度改革后的林业现状和问题,探索闽北林区森林经营管理和森林防火新机制,提出新时期森林经营的总体目标是构建巩固林权制度改革成果的五大配套体系(资源培育和管理体系、森林集约化经营和管理体系、林业科技和技术服务体系、森林防火体系、森林病虫害防治体系)。 相似文献
16.
Forest policy and sustainable forest management in Bangladesh: an analysis from national and international perspectives 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper includes a review of international sustainable forestry development followed by an analysis of forest policies
in Bangladesh. There have been four different government forest policies in Bangladesh since 1894. The first two forest policies
(1894 and 1955) were exploitative in nature. Most of the regulatory documents were developed during the first two policy periods.
The third forest policy instituted in 1979 by the sovereign Bangladesh government had contradictory elements and mutually
inconsistent policy statements. It addressed for the first time forestry extension through mass motivation campaign. Current
forest policy formulated in 1994 has been considered to be the most elaborate policy in the history of the country. Under
this policy, participatory social forestry has been institutionalized in Bangladesh. The analysis shows that, although it
is possible to attain the stated policy targets, progress is slow and is blocked on several fronts. A number of identified
technical, managerial and logistical problems are hindering policy and program implementation. In addition, corruption contributes
to the observed problems. The real strength of Bangladesh forestry is locally based, participatory forestry, co-management
of protected areas and highly motivated people who increasingly recognize the need for a healthy forest ecosystem that will
provide future economic stability. Because it is the rich homestead forests of Bangladesh that generate the majority of commercial
forestry products, it is important that education continues at the grass-roots level. In addition, educated forestry and environment
professionals have been identified as the future driving forces towards better, and sustainable, forest management. Results
of this study make it clear that Bangladesh and other developing countries are not presently in a position to accept and adopt
internationally derived forest policies due to inadequate institutional support, political instability and poor governance.
Therefore, along with development of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management and forest certification, international
policy scientists must consider institutional development, professional skill development, identification and adoption of
indigenous technology and long-term financial support in developing countries. Without these, all international processes,
policies and directives will be of little value and produce few substantive results. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):236-243
Abstract In this study, 236 regeneration areas (mostly clear-cuts) in southern Norway were selected by random stratified selection: 118 of the study units were cut before and 118 after the introduction of forest certification in 1998. The degree of compliance with biodiversity measures established in the prevailing certification standard (ISO 14001 and the Norwegian standard “Living Forests”) was compared in a field study, and the differences were analysed. In some aspects, a clear difference could be seen, most clearly in an increasing number of green retention trees and an increasing mean width of buffer-strips left along rivers, bogs and lakes in the postcertification units compared with the precertification units. Even though there was a significant increase in the mean number of retention trees, as much as 21% of the postcertification regeneration areas still did not have sufficient retention trees to comply with the certification standard and 41% had either too few retention trees or too few spruce trees according to the standard. Concerning the management of small swamp forests, and the damage done to terrain and prelogging coarse dead wood by off-road transport, little improvement was seen. The discussion examines whether it is probable that the changes seen are a result of forest certification in Norway. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):568-581
Abstract The Russian forest sector is under transformation, and the Model Forest (MF) concept is used as an innovative approach to regional sustainable development based on forest goods, ecosystem services and values. This study evaluates the development of the MF concept in north-west Russia's Barents region, using Kovdozersky MF in Murmansk region as a case study. This report (1) describe the main historical phases of forest use, (2) summarizes the state and trends of the economic, ecological and sociocultural situation, (3) explores reasons for establishing the MF, and (4) evaluates the main steps towards implementation of the MF concept. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Actors were identified and interviewed to understand the process of MF development. Statistic data were collected and analyzed. The main goal of this MF is to support development through participatory collaboration regarding (1) balancing needs and interests among actors and stakeholders, (2) implementation of sustainable forest management, (3) encouraging the development of ecotourism and bioenergy production in the area, and (4) increasing public awareness with respect to sustainable forest management. Potential challenges for the MF partnership include: (1) domination by partners from the traditional forest sector, with their potentially more narrow needs and interests in the partnership development, and (2) disparity in sharing responsibilities and power between regional and local levels in MF management. 相似文献
19.
Avalanche disturbances are important processes in many subalpine forest ecosystems but have received relatively little research attention in comparison to other major types of disturbances. This paper presents a review of interactions between forests and snow avalanches in mountain ecosystems and discusses how avalanche disturbance regimes and associated management may change in the future. Avalanche disturbance regimes are two-way interactions in which forest structure and composition affect avalanches and avalanches, in turn, affect structure and composition. 相似文献