玉米苗期在盐胁迫下耐盐相关QTL分析

通过对玉米耐盐性状基因的QTL定位,找到耐盐性状控制位点在染色体上的位置,来帮助耐盐玉米品种的选育和基因的克隆。本研究选用耐盐自交系8723和盐敏感自交系P138为材料构建的F2群体,通过Jionmap 4.0软件对F2群体构建分子遗传连锁图谱。构建了一个包含有174个SSR标记位点的分子遗传连锁图谱,平均分布在玉米的10条染色体上共2 764.3 cM,标记区间平均间距为15.88 cM。通过对表型数据的分析,对玉米的4个植株性状进行了QTL定位。结果共检测到8个与玉米苗期耐盐性状相关的QTLs,分别位于2号、4号、6号、9号染色体上。本研究结果为幼苗在盐碱地正常生长提供科学依据。     

水稻地方品种苗期耐盐QTL的定位

水稻耐盐遗传位点的发掘可为耐盐遗传机制的研究提供理论基础,为耐盐品种培育提供基因资源。以云南地方籼稻品种扎西玛与江苏著名优质粳稻品种南粳46为亲本构建的水稻重组自交系群体为研究对象,鉴定了各株系的苗期耐盐性,结合该群体的分子连锁图谱对控制水稻苗期耐盐性QTL进行分析,共检测到4个QTLs:qSST-1、qSST-3、qSST-5和qSST-11,分别位于第1,3,5,11号染色体上。4个QTLs的增效等位基因均来自于亲本南粳46。经比较发现有3个QTLs与已克隆水稻耐盐基因不在同一染色体区间,说明为新的耐盐基因候选位点。结果对进一步发掘和利用新的水稻耐盐QTL具有重要意义。     

调控小麦苗期性状的QTL定位

苗期地上部和根系的繁茂性对于小麦生长后期有重要影响,对调控小麦苗期性状的QTL进行定位,能进一步发掘调控小麦苗期性状的基因位点,有利于分子标记辅助选择育种.本试验以一套重组自交系群体为材料,检测了调控小麦苗期性状的QTL位点.共检测到调控4个性状的14个QTL位点,包括4个主效QTLs和10个微效QTLs,分布在3A、3B、4A、4B、5D、6A和6B共7条染色体上,贡献率在5.8％ ～ 18.4％之间.这些位点的发掘,有助于增进对小麦苗期性状的遗传基础的认识,并在小麦育种上具有潜在的应用价值.     

铝毒胁迫下甘蓝型油菜种子萌发期相关性状的QTL定位

随着土壤酸化的日益加重,铝毒已成为影响作物种子萌发质量以及作物产量的重要胁迫因子之一。作物耐铝相关性状的QTL定位和候选基因筛选已有许多报道,但铝胁迫下甘蓝型油菜萌发期相关性状的QTL定位报道较少。本文以80μg mL?1的铝胁迫浓度处理重组自交系(10D130×中双11号)群体进行种子萌发试验,处理3 d时调查发芽势, 7 d时调查发芽率,测定其根长、芽长和干重,并计算各性状相对值。基于6K SNP芯片,结合高密度遗传连锁图谱对油菜萌发期的5个性状进行QTL定位,共检测到23个QTL。其中与相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对根长、相对芽长和相对干重相关的QTL分别有9个、1个、4个、5个和4个,覆盖了A、C基因组, LOD值介于3.00～5.26,可解释的表型变异为7.70%～13.10%。根据各QTL置信区间序列筛选,与铝胁迫相关的候选基因共30个。ALMT1基因和MATE基因与有机酸的合成和分泌有关,主要通过苹果酸、柠檬酸和草酸等有机酸的分泌来增强植物的耐铝性;STOP1基因、NAC基因和RAP2.4基因均属于转录激活因子,通过诱导耐铝基因的表达增强植株的抗性; ABC转运蛋白、膜蛋白...     

小麦品系CH7034中耐盐QTL定位

鉴定小麦耐盐种质对于充分利用盐碱地和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。CH7034是本实验室自育的1份小麦耐盐品系,为了明确其耐盐性遗传规律和控制位点,利用CH7034与盐敏感品种SY95-71的重组自交系群体进行QTL分析。基于SNP芯片数据和盐害指数(salt injury index),在2A、2D、4B和5A染色体上共检测出6个QTL,分别为QSI.sxau＿2A、QSI.sxau＿2D、QSI.sxau＿4B.1、QSI.sxau＿4B.2、QSI.sxau＿5A.1和QSI.sxau＿5A.2。其中,QSI.sxau＿5A.1在3次盐胁迫试验中均能被检测到,具有最高的表型变异解释率(15.73%～20.18%),且不同于5AL染色体上已报道的其他耐盐位点。在QSI.sxau＿5A.1区间开发并整合了7个SSR标记,将LOD峰值进一步确定在SSR-D1处。基于转录组数据库,从QSI.sxau＿5A.1区段内筛选了12个响应盐胁迫的高置信基因。研究结果为CH7034耐盐位点的精细定位乃至克隆奠定了基础,也为小麦耐盐品种选育提供了新种质和分子标记。     

芝麻芽期耐铝胁迫相关性状的QTL鉴定

为解析芝麻耐铝毒遗传机制,发掘和定位芝麻耐铝毒QTL,采用不同浓度铝离子对地方品种金黄麻和竹山白进行了芽期胁迫处理,确定芽期铝胁迫处理适宜浓度。利用耐铝毒芝麻种质金黄麻和铝敏感芝麻种质竹山白为亲本构建的一个含有180个家系的重组自交系群体,以铝胁迫下芝麻芽期相对根长(RRL)、相对芽长(RSL)和相对苗鲜质量(RSW)作为表型指标,结合通过重测序构建的一个含有1 354个bin标记的高密度遗传图谱,采用复合区间作图法,对芝麻芽期耐铝毒性状进行了QTL定位和候选基因筛选。3个性状在群体中呈显著正相关,共检测到7个QTL,分布于6条染色体上(2,4,6,10,11,13号染色体),其中3个与相对根长相关,2个与相对芽长相关,2个与相对苗鲜质量有关。其中位于2号染色体的2个分别控制相对根长和相对苗鲜质量的QTL区间部分重叠。候选基因分析的结果表明,15个预测基因可能与耐铝胁迫相关,主要参与金属转运、脱毒和金属离子的跨膜结合、GDSL基序酯酶、过氧化物酶体以及生物体内有毒物质的代谢与解毒等生理进程。     

模拟干旱条件下水稻苗期形态性状的QTL定位

以抗旱性差异较大的亲本小白粳子和空育131以及其后代180个F2∶3家系群体为试验材料,构建了包含99个SSR分子标记的遗传连锁图谱,利用浓度为15％PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件.在两种条件下,共检测到影响胚芽鞘长、苗高、主根长和根数的QTL 26个,分别位于水稻的第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、12条染色体上,贡献率变幅在4.53％～37.22％之间.其中控制苗高的QTL11个,控制胚芽鞘长的QTL 5个,控制主根长的QTL 5个,控制根数的QTL 5个.在第2条染色体的RM1358-RM1347区间和第6条染色体上的RM461-RM162区间发现了控制多个性状的QTL,在第2条染色体的RM1358-RM1347区间和第8条染色体的RM1384-RM547区间还检测到了在两种条件下同时控制胚芽鞘长和主根长的QTL.     

盐胁迫下玉米苗期农艺性状和脯氨酸含量变化的研究

玉米是重要的粮食和饲料作物,但在盐碱地上很难获得高产,盐胁迫是最主要的限制因子。研究玉米在盐胁迫下的性状表现,建立玉米耐盐筛选的技术指标体系,对耐盐机理及分子育种研究有重要意义。本研究采用室内沙培盆栽的方法,对3个不同玉米自交系进行苗期的NaCl梯度胁迫处理,对出苗时间、苗高、地上部鲜重,根系鲜重及游离脯氨酸含量等性状进行考察,分析各性状与盐胁迫处理浓度之间的相关关系。结果表明,3个不同品种中,黄早四和TL94B的耐盐性相对较强,87-1的耐盐性相对较弱;100￣120mM为玉米盐胁迫筛选的下限临界浓度,200￣220mM为玉米盐胁迫筛选的上限临界浓度;出苗时间、苗高、地上部鲜重、根系鲜重、脯氨酸含量等指标与盐浓度的相关性均达到P<0.01的极显著水平,都可作为玉米的耐盐性鉴定的依据;研究还发现,游离脯氨酸含量随盐胁迫浓度升高而升高,但盐浓度超过临界上限后,脯氨酸含量反而下降。     

黄色玉米籽粒颜色相关性状的QTL定位

以优良玉米自交系B 73和Mo 17构建的278个IBM Syn 10DH系为作图群体,利用Photoshop软件和Seed_Identification软件对黄色玉米籽粒颜色的RGB值、灰度值进行表型鉴定。利用单标记作图法,采用基于混合线性模型的分析软件QTL Cartographer Version 1.17,结合RGB值和灰度值进行QTL定位。结果共检测到11个QTL位点,与R值、G值、B值、灰度值紧密连锁的标记分别有1个、3个、6个、1个。本研究结果为黄色玉米籽粒颜色性状基因/QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。     

盐胁迫与非胁迫条件下控制番茄苗期重要植物学性状的QTL对比研究

利用来源于栽培番茄9706和野生契斯曼尼番茄LA0317杂交后的130个BC2S4株系为群体,采用营养液栽培法,在盐胁迫与非胁迫环境下分别对株高、茎粗、根鲜质量、根干质量、地上鲜质量、地上干质量以及耐盐级数进行了QTL分析.盐胁迫环境中检出13个QTL:株高2个;茎粗2个;根鲜质量2个;根干质量2个;地上鲜质量3个;地...     

The early stress response of maize (Zea mays L.) to chloride salinity

Chloride is a micronutrient required for photosynthesis but when applied in the concentration of a macronutrient, it may also promote growth by regulating turgor. However, if chloride accumulates excessively, it can induce toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify physiological dysfunctions in maize (Zea mays L.) that arise in response to excessive chloride ion accumulation. For this, a novel water sensor was employed for the first time allowing the in vivo measurement of water content in the plant by using two near IR‐wavelengths with different absorption of water. This enabled to analyse whether water imbalances occurred. Chloride was given together with calcium as companying counter cation. Results show that most of the tested maize genotypes were able to maintain growth, photosynthesis and normal water content when stressed with concentrations as high as 757.1 mg chloride/kg soil dry matter. Leaf blades accumulated only 8.5 mg chloride/g dry matter, with the most genotypes not even showing salt stress necrosis at the leaves. A comparison between more tolerant and more sensitive genotypes revealed that restriction of chloride root‐to‐shoot translocation is a trait of chloride tolerance.     

Genetic basis of variation for salt tolerance in maize ( Zea mays L).

The genetic basis of salt tolerance was examined in selected salt tolerant and sensitive material from a sample of accessions previously assessed for variability in salinity tolerance. The North Carolina Model 2 Design and analysis was followed, tolerance being assessed in 10-day-old seedlings grown in salinized solution culture at control (0 mM), 60 mM and 80 mM NaCl concentrations). Salinity tolerance was shown to be under the control of genes with additive and non-additive effects, with broad and narrow sense heritability estimates being approximately 0.7 and 0.4 over all treatments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci for salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were identified by interval mapping analysis using marker information from two doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from the crosses, Steptoe/Morex and Harrington/TR306. Interval mapping analysis revealed that the QTLs for salt tolerance at germination in the DH lines of Steptoe/Morex were located on chromosomes 4 (4H), 6(6H), and 7(5H), and in the DH lines of Harrington/TR306 on chromosomes 5(1H) and 7(5H). In both DH populations, the most effective QTLs were found at different loci on chromosome 7(5H). Genetic linkage between salt tolerance at germination and abscisic acid (ABA) response was found from QTL mapping. The QTLs for the most effective ABA response at germination were located very close to those for salt tolerance on chromosome 7 (5H) in both crosses. The QTLs for salt tolerance at the seedling stage were located on chromosomes 2(2H), 5(1H), 6(6H), and 7(5H) in the DH lines of Steptoe/Morex, and on chromosome 7(5H) in the DH lines of Harrington/TR 306. Their positions were different from those of QTLs controlling salt tolerance at germination, indicating that salt tolerance at germination and at the seedling stage were controlled by different loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甘蓝型油菜耐盐和耐旱相关性状的QTL分析

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫是非生物胁迫中影响作物产量的重要因素,检测与耐盐和耐旱相关的QTL,可为抗逆油菜品种的选育提供理论依据。本研究利用德国冬性甘蓝型油菜Express和中国半冬性甘蓝型油菜SWU07为亲本构建的包含261个株系的双单倍体(doubled haploid, DH)群体,分别以1.2%NaCl溶液和20%PEG-6000溶液作为培养液模拟盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,去离子水为对照,对2个亲本和DH群体进行发芽试验。播种后7 d测定幼苗根长、鲜重及发芽率,计算各性状在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的相对值,并作为评价耐盐和耐旱的指标。根据已构建的遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。盐胁迫下,在3次重复中共检测到与盐胁迫相关的QTL12个,分布在A02、A03、A05、A09、C01和C09染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.61%～10.59%,其中5个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。干旱胁迫下,共检测到与干旱胁迫相关的QTL 9个,分布在A01、A02、A03、A05、A09、A10和C03染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.94%～12.90%,其中2个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。此外,在A0...     

夏玉米光合特性对氮素用量的反应

随氮素用量增加,植株下位叶、穗位叶和上位叶的光合速率（P_n）、叶绿素含量（Chl）、可溶蛋白含量（Pro）、Hill反应活性、Ca²⁺-ATPase活性、Mg²⁺-ATPase活性和PEPCase活性均不断增大。植株不同叶位Pn和Pro随生长进程均不断下降;不同叶位Chl的变化动态表现为下位叶在各测定时期之间差异较小、穗位叶和上位叶为单峰曲线。Hill反应活力、Ca²⁺-ATPase活性和Mg²⁺-ATPase活性的变化规律不同,随生长进程表现不断下降、单峰曲线和双峰曲线等不同形式。各叶位PEPCase活性均表现单峰曲线型变化。随氮素用量增加,叶源量、生物产量和籽粒产量不断增加。适量施氮具有全面改善玉米光合效率和内在生理、生化过程的作用。Ca²⁺-ATPase活性是影响光反应活力的重要因素;在叶片生长前中期,P_n受到PEPCase的影响较小,主要受到光反应活力和暗反应效率的调控。可采用叶源量作为玉米单株生产力的参考诊断指标。     

玉米生长素响应因子家族基因的表达模式分析

生长素响应因子(auxin response factor,ARF)是一类重要的转录因子,通过特异性地结合生长素响应元件调节下游靶基因的转录,参与诸多植物生长发育过程的调控。玉米中有许多ARF家族基因,但其表达模式有待深入研究。本研究分析了玉米ARF家族基因在不同组织器官中的表达,发现除ARF10、ARF16和ARF34组成型表达外,其余32个ARF基因的表达水平在生殖器官中要明显高于营养器官。对ARF基因启动子区的顺式作用元件分析显示,28个ARF基因的启动子区含有逆境胁迫相关顺式元件,实时定量PCR分析结果显示,多个ARF基因分别响应冷、热、盐和渗透胁迫。研究结果不仅暗示了ARF家族基因在玉米生殖生长和非生物逆境胁迫响应中的重要性,也为全面解析ARF基因在玉米中的生物学功能提供有用信息。     

A major QTL associated with cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Chilling injury is one of the most important limiting factors affecting rice production in temperate and high-elevation areas. In this study, 146 microsatellite markers were employed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring cold tolerance at seedling stage (CTS) .The mapping population consisted of 193 doubled haploid (DH) lines, which derived from a cross between a cold-tolerant japonica variety (AAV002863) and a cold-sensitive indica cultivar (Zhenshan97B). Tolerance to cold was assessed by the survival percentage of seedlings after cold treatment. In a climate chamber, after treatment at 6°C/10°C for 7 d, the measurement was taken on the sixth day of the recovery stage at room temperature. The phenotypic distribution of the DH population approximately fitted normality with skewness and kurtosis less than 0.3, and the difference among the three repetitions was not significant. Five main effect QTLs were identified with LOD > 4.0 on chromosomes 1, 2, 8 using a composite interval mapping approach. The accumulated contribution of the five QTLs was 62.28%, and a major QTL (LOD = 15.09) was identified on chromosome 2 flanked by RM561 and RM341, which explained 27.42% of the total phenotypic variation. Four significant epistatic interactions were also detected with a total contribution of 20.14%. Liang Chen and Qiaojun Lou had made the equal contribution for the research.     

Genetic variation in maize (Zea mays L.) for germination and emergence at 10°C

Summary Full-sib, paternal half-sib and S1 families were derived from a population of maize, Pool 5, with a wide germplasm base. These families were used to study genetic variation for germination percentage, emergence percentage and time to emergence at 10°C.Genotypic variances were large for all characters, and the best families from the population were markedly superior to hybrids used as checks. Maternal effects appeared to be of overwhelming importance for germination percentage, but variances due to males were significant for emergence percentage and time to emergence. Inbreeding depression at the seedling level was also important for these two emergence characters. Germination and emergence characters were not correlated with seed weight.We concluded that Pool 5 should be a valuable source of genes for improving germination and emergence of maize at low temperatures.     

QTL mapping of maize (Zea mays) stay-green traits and their relationship to yield

A maize genetic linkage map derived from 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed from an F₂ population. The F₂ was generated from a cross between a stay-green inbred line (Q319) and a normal inbred line (Mo17). The map resolved 10 linkage groups and spanned 1431.0 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 12.44 cM between two neighbouring loci. A total of 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for stay-green traits at different postflowering time intervals and identified by composite interval mapping. The respective QTL contribution to phenotypic variance ranged from 5.40% to 11.49%, with trait synergistic action from Q319. Moreover, maize stay-green traits were closely correlated to grain yield. Additional QTL analyses indicated that multiple intervals of stay-green QTL overlapped with yield QTL.