加拿利海枣叶斑病抑菌试验

对加拿利海枣叶斑病的病原进行分离鉴定和农药抑菌试验.结果表明:加拿利海枣叶斑病病原为半知菌亚门黑盘孢目的掌状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiosis palmarum);6种杀菌剂的抑菌效果为10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂＞450 g/L咪鲜铵水乳剂＞80％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂＞40％百菌清悬浮剂＞70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂＞80％乙蒜素乳油,且6种杀菌剂在生产上对加拿利海枣叶斑病菌都有较好的抑制作用.     

华南滨海区道路绿化中加拿利海枣的移栽技术研究

指出了加拿利海枣作为一种名贵的观赏乔木,越来越被广泛地运用到城市绿化当中。以加拿利海枣在华南滨海地区的移栽为例,探讨了加拿利海枣移植过程中的起苗、种植材料、地下土壤环境、养护管理等方面的技术要点。     

加拿利海枣移栽技术探析

根据生物学特性和生长习性,研究探讨加拿利海枣大树移栽成活的基本原理和制约因子,指出其移栽成活的关键是:选好苗木、在适宜的季节对加拿利海枣进行断根炼苗、疏叶、激素处理等技术措施。     

浙江省象甲科新记录——红棕象甲的发生与防治

对丽水市区加拿利海枣死亡植株的调查发现,加拿利海枣死亡是由红棕象甲为害造成.这是浙江省首次发现红棕象甲为害.并介绍了红棕象甲的生物学特性和发生、分布及为害情况,根据该虫发生为害特点,采用安全、高效药剂,以毒土、喷淋、打孔吊瓶滴注等方法,防效达95%以上.提出在采购苗木时必须做好检疫工作,严禁从疫区引进带虫苗木,确保生态安全的防控策略.     

惠东县红棕象甲的发生及防治

在充分了解红棕象甲的生物学特性、危害特点和传播途径的基础上,调查了惠东县红棕象甲的发生和危害情况,并总结了危害加拿利海枣的红棕象甲的防治方法。     

绵阳引种的五种棕榈科植物冻害调查分析

对绵阳市5种棕榈科植物进行冻害情况调查研究的结果表明:在市区,加拿利海枣、银海枣、华盛顿棕榈和蒲葵冻害不明显,皇后葵有1~3级冻害;在郊区,5种棕榈科植物都出现了严重冻害。棕榈科植物发生冻害的轻重受树种、树龄、苗源、地形地势、植物群落结构、栽培管理和防冻措施等因素影响。     

雪松疫病的初步研究

研究结果表明,南京市郊林场、苗圃和城乡园林绿化树种雪松,近年不断出现死亡和生长不良,主要是疫霉病危害.用选择性培养基分离病组织,获得樟疫霉(Phytopbthoracinnamomi)、掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri)和寄生疫霉(P.parasitica)等多种疫霉菌,病菌可侵染幼苗和定植多年的大树,可引起极腐、茎腐、猝倒、种芽腐烂等症状,其中根腐是主要危害状,实为雪松栽植区的重要土传病害.试验用乙磷铝和敌克松混合液浇灌根际土壤,效果显著.     

棕榈科刺葵属5种植物热值的月变化研究(英文)

对棕榈科刺葵属 5种植物叶的热值和灰分含量的月变化进行了研究。结果表明 :( 1 )大刺葵( 7 2 5 %～ 1 0 3 9% )、加拿利海枣 ( 7 1 2 %～ 1 0 0 9% )和伊拉克蜜枣 ( 7 0 1 %～ 1 0 0 0 % )的灰分含量相近 ,经t检验 ,无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;加拿利海枣、伊拉克蜜枣和大刺葵的灰分含量高于江边刺葵 ( 6 2 0 %～ 8 93 % ) (P<0 0 5 )和林刺葵 ( 3 5 9%～ 6 94% ) (P <0 0 0 0 1 )。 ( 2 ) 5种植物干重热值的月变化趋势有些差异 ,江边刺葵( 2 0 2 4～ 2 1 93kJ·g- 1 )与伊拉克蜜枣 ( 1 9 68～ 2 1 82kJ·g- 1 )的干重热值相近 (P >0 0 5 ) ;林刺葵 ( 1 8 5 1～2 1 5 1kJ·g- 1 )、大刺葵 ( 1 8 40～ 2 0 5 6kJ·g- 1 )与加拿利海枣 ( 1 9 1 3～ 2 0 79kJ·g- 1 )的干重热值接近 (P >0 0 5 ) ;江边刺葵和伊拉克蜜枣的干重热值高于林刺葵 (P <0 0 5 )、加拿利海枣 (P <0 0 0 5 )和大刺葵 (P <0 0 0 0 5 )。( 3 )林刺葵的干重热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性相关 ;伊拉克蜜枣、林刺葵、大刺葵 3种植物的干重热值与降雨量有显著线性相关 (P <0 0 5 )。 ( 4 )去灰分热值的月变化趋势因种而异 ,去灰分热值与干重热值的月变化趋势不同 ,灰分含量是造成差异的原因。     

湖北省林木种苗场

湖北省林木种苗场(又称湖北省省级林木种苗示范基地),是经国家林业局批准于2000年底开始建设的全国重点省级林木种苗示范基地之一。基地建设规模137.67公顷,主要培育有桂花、樟树、广玉兰、深山含笑、樱花、马褂木、茶花、红叶石楠、加拿利海枣、雪松、蝴蝶兰等十大类,2000余个     

刺槐干腐病的研究

刺槐干腐病是一种毁灭性病害,在江苏省各地普遍发生。经分离培养、接种和再分离试验,证明病原为樟疫霉。病原菌自伤口侵入,可侵害2—15年以上生的刺槐根干,引起内皮层腐烂,致使植株枯萎死亡。病部后期常出现腐生的镰刀菌分生孢子座。病害多生在干基部,5—9月为发病盛期。病株根际土壤和植株病组织都是侵染源。     

观赏棕榈植物枣椰属中的骄子——枣椰、加那利海枣

枣椰属植物,作为观赏棕榈家族中的＂新贵＂,越来越多的出现在人们的视野中。文章主要介绍了枣椰属中的枣椰和加那利海枣的生物学特性,以及繁殖培育方法和它们在园林规划设计中的应用。     

Spread of Forest Pests and Pathogens in the Northern Hemisphere

There are four main forest regions in the northern hemisphere,each containing many of the same genera of trees. An organism(insect, fungus etc.) living in balanced relationship with itshost tree in one of these forest regions may cause major damageif moved to another. Examples of pest and disease problems analysedinclude Chestnut blight, White pine blister rust, Gypsy moth,Balsam woolly aphid, Dutch elm disease, Pine wilt disease andBeech bark disease.     

贵州枇杷炭疽病病原菌的鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析

2009—2010年,在贵州遵义、罗甸(苗圃)枇杷树叶片上发现疑似炭疽病害,且有暴发之势。为了确诊该病害,用组织分离法分离病原菌,纯化培养后用菌碟回接到健康枇杷树叶片上,10 d后叶片出现典型病斑,自发病组织再分离所得病原菌形态特征与初分离一致;以枇杷炭疽病菌总DNA为模板,采用真菌通用引物(ITS1和ITS4),通过PCR扩增到约550 bp的片段,测序结果表明片段长为538个核苷酸,通过GenBank上BLAST分析,表明该病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.。     

Reduction of isoprene emissions from live oak (Quercus fusiformis) with oak wilt

Many plants emit isoprene, a hydrocarbon that has important influences on atmospheric chemistry. Pathogens may affect isoprene fluxes, both through damage to plant tissue and by changing the abundance of isoprene-emitting species. Live oaks (Quercus fusiformis (Small) Sarg. and Q. virginiana Mill) are major emitters of isoprene in the southern United States, and oak populations in Texas are being dramatically reduced by oak wilt, a widespread fungal vascular disease. We investigated the effects of oak wilt on isoprene emissions from live oak leaves (Q. fusiformis) in the field, as a first step in exploring the physiological effects of oak wilt on isoprene production and the implications of these effects for larger-scale isoprene fluxes. Isoprene emission rates per unit dry leaf mass were 44% lower for actively symptomatic leaves than for leaves on healthy trees (P = 0.033). Isoprene fluxes were significantly negatively correlated with rankings of disease activity in the host tree (fluxes in leaves on healthy trees > healthy leaves on survivor trees > healthy leaves on the same branch as symptomatic leaves > symptomatic leaves; isoprene per unit dry mass: Spearman's rho = -0.781, P = 0.001; isoprene per unit leaf area: Spearman's rho = -0.652, P = 0.008). Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were reduced by 57 and 63%, respectively, in symptomatic relative to healthy leaves (P < 0.05); these reductions were proportionally greater than the reductions in isoprene emissions. Low isoprene emission rates in symptomatic leaves are most simply explained by physiological constraints on isoprene production, such as water stress as a result of xylem blockage, rather than direct effects of the oak wilt fungus on isoprene synthesis. The effects of oak wilt on leaf-level isoprene emission rates are probably less important for regional isoprene fluxes than the reduction in oak leaf area across landscapes.     

球毛壳菌对樟子松的侵染规律研究

榆林风沙区樟子松枯死主要发生在10—15年生幼龄林上，7月上旬至8月下旬为感病高峰期，翌年4月中旬至5月中旬为死亡高峰期。病菌孢子在整个生长季均能放散与传播，降雨节律及降雨量直接影响孢子的扩散与数量。人工接种发现：病菌的侵入期主要在6月中旬至8月中旬，潜育期半个月，侵入途径是伤口，病株感病部位及枯死枝是病原菌的越冬场所，密度高，植被盖度大的林分感病重。     

Spatial–temporal patterns of Ceratocystis wilt in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

Ceratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, has become the most important disease in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp. and hybrids) plantations in Brazil. To further our understanding of the epidemiology of this disease, we surveyed eucalyptus plantations in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia that were known to have Ceratocystis wilt or were thought to have been planted with infected rooted cuttings. There was generally higher disease incidence in the Minas Gerais plantations, which were on former Cerrado forest sites and likely had soilborne inoculum prior to planting eucalyptus. In such plantations, disease incidence was not evident before 20 months after planting but slowly increased up to 50% at 74 months. The symptomatic and killed trees were aggregated, perhaps from uneven distribution of inoculum in the soil. Also, the progression of cumulative disease incidence best fit a monomolecular model, which is typical of soilborne diseases (fixed level of initial inoculum with little or no secondary inoculum during the crop rotation). However, plots where some trees had been harvested during the rotation showed very high levels of disease incidence in the sprouts that arose from stumps, suggesting secondary spread of the pathogen on harvesting tools or machinery. Most of the Bahia plantations were on pastureland prior to eucalyptus cultivation, and the pathogen was likely introduced with infected nursery stock. In such plots, symptoms were evident as soon as 7 months after planting, and most of the mortality occurred within 12 months. The diseased trees on former pastureland sites were sometimes aggregated within planting rows, suggesting that bunches of infected nursery stock were planted together within the rows. Care should be taken in planting disease‐free planting material and spreading the pathogen on tools, but on sites with soilborne inoculum, use of resistant clones may be the only management option.     

Bacterial Wilt and Boron Deficiency Stress： A New Disorder in Eucalypt Plantations in South China

INTRODUCTIONEucalypts are particularly sensitive to Boron (B)deficiency resulting in loss of crown vigour, shootdeath, poor stem form, and reduced wood quality.B deficiency is a major constraint to theproductivity of eucalypt plantations in many partsof Asia (Dell et al. 2001, 1994). The symptoms ofB deficiency are more severe during the dry seasonand thus mildly affected trees may partially recoverduring the following wet season. The sites withsandy soils derived from granite and sands…     

Xyleborus glabratus attacks and systemic colonization by Raffaelea lauricola associated with dieback of Cinnamomum camphora in the southeastern United States

Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, is responsible for extensive mortality of redbay and other American members of the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. Raffaelea lauricola is a mycangial symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus), and the beetle and fungus were accidentally introduced from Asia. Branch dieback of camphortree (Cinnamomum camphora), an Asian member of the Lauraceae, has been occasionally observed in areas where laurel wilt has decimated redbay populations, and R. lauricola was isolated from such camphortrees. However, the role of X. glabratus and R. lauricola in this branch dieback remains unclear. Examination of camphortrees on Jekyll Island, Georgia showed that healthy‐appearing trees and those with branch dieback had been attacked by X. glabratus, but the trees with branch dieback had four times as many beetle attacks. Raffaelea lauricola was routinely isolated from discoloured xylem near beetle tunnels in healthy trees and those with dieback. Single‐point inoculations with R. lauricola on stems of mature, healthy camphortree trees failed to induce wilt‐like symptoms or branch dieback, although areas of discoloration were scattered throughout the xylem, and R. lauricola was reisolated irregularly at various heights in some inoculated trees. In growth chamber experiments, single‐point inoculations with R. lauricola resulted in systemic colonization but no wilt symptoms or branch dieback in camphortree saplings. In contrast, inoculations at multiple points along the stem (simulating multiple attacks by the vector) caused branch dieback and wilt‐like symptoms, including a brownish, diffuse discoloration of the xylem. Camphortree appears to be more resistant than American species of Lauraceae to the vascular wilt caused by R. lauricola. The fungus does colonize camphortrees systemically, however, and can apparently cause branch dieback. This suggests that the fungus may provide brood material for X. glabratus in Asia as it does in the southeastern United States.