河南省济源国家猕猴自然保护区蚂蚁资源调查

对河南济源国家猕猴自然保护区蚂蚁资源进行了调查,结果表明,共有5亚科17属31种,优势种为日本弓背蚁,并对其应用前景进行了综述.     

哀牢山西坡地表蚂蚁资源调查

采用样地调查法调查了哀牢山西坡4个地段28块样地140个样方地表蚂蚁资源调查结果为:采集地表蚂蚁标本共3592号,分属110种37属7亚科,且蚂蚁密度高达25.7头/m2;优势类群优势明显,其中切叶蚁亚科地表蚂蚁种类最多,占总物种数的47.3%;广布种为黄足厚结猛蚁、爪哇厚结猛蚁和菱结大头蚁;特有种较多,单种属有16属,仅在1个样地中出现的蚂蚁有61种,在2个样地中分布的蚂蚁有33种;部分蚁类个体数量极少,个体数低于10头的蚂蚁有70种,其中31种蚂蚁只有1头个体.     

雅鲁藏布河谷上游及青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁物种的分布格局

  目的  揭示雅鲁藏布河谷上游和青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁种类及其分布规律,为青藏高原腹地生物多样性保护积累科学数据。  方法  采用样地调查法研究了雅鲁藏布河谷上游及青藏高原西南坡蚂蚁物种的分布格局。采用采获频次分析法对比研究蚂蚁物种的栖息环境、垂直分布、觅食和筑巢场所等分布格局特征。  结果  共采获蚂蚁2亚科8属19种,其中雅鲁藏布河谷上游2亚科8属13种,青藏高原西南坡2亚科8属15种。研究区域蚂蚁以耐寒种类为主,缺乏耐热物种。物种丰富度与乔木郁闭度和灌木盖度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与地被物厚度和海拔高度呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),与草本盖度和地被物盖度相关性不显著。蚂蚁对栖息生境的选择不尽相同,地表是主要的觅食场所,大部分蚂蚁以石下和土壤内作为筑巢场所。  结论  蚂蚁物种的分布主要受海拔和生境状况影响。食物资源、环境稳定性和热量获取是影响蚂蚁选择生境、觅食和筑巢场所的主要因素。表6参26     

藏东南色季拉山蚂蚁物种的分布格局

为了揭示藏东南地区蚂蚁的生态学规律,采用样地调查法和搜索调查法首次研究了色季拉山蚂蚁物种的分布格局。在色季拉山记载蚁科昆虫3亚科14属31种,其中,猛蚁亚科2属3种,切叶蚁亚科7属17种,蚁亚科5属11种。在色季拉山地区,大多数蚂蚁物种（大约2/3）对高山环境的适应性较弱,仅分布于3000m以下的低海拔区域;分布于30...     

瑞丽市 3 种类型柠檬园地表蚂蚁群落多样性研究

为探讨覆膜对柠檬园地表蚂蚁群落的影响,于2016年4月和7月采用陷阱法对云南省瑞丽市覆膜种植和常规种植模式下3种类型柠檬园地表蚂蚁群落进行调查。结果表明,柠檬园RG采集地表蚂蚁17种276头;柠檬园RH采集地表蚂蚁22种527头;柠檬园RI采集地表蚂蚁16种273头。3种类型柠檬园间地表蚂蚁相对多度和物种丰富度均有显著差异,柠檬园RH中地表蚂蚁的相对多度和物种丰富度均显著高于柠檬园RG和柠檬园RI。3种类型柠檬园间地表蚂蚁群落结构互不相似。覆膜降低了柠檬园地表蚂蚁群落的相对多度和物种丰富度,除草剂对柠檬园地表蚂蚁的相对多度和物种丰富度无影响,但可以改变地表蚂蚁群落结构。     

宁夏贺兰山蚂蚁及其生态分布研究

于2007～2008年对宁夏贺兰山蚂蚁的种类和生态分布进行了系统调查,结果表明：分布于宁夏贺兰山的蚂蚁目前共发现26种,分别隶属于2亚科,11属。各种生境所分布的蚁种与植被组成的丰富程度成正相关,与海拔高度成负相关,即海拔越高,植被种类减少,组成趋于简单,所分布的蚁种随之递减。荒漠草地、疏林草地和灌丛3种生境类型中蚂蚁种类最多,其次为典型草地、阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、人工植被、砾石荒滩,针叶林和高寒草甸则最少。根据蚂蚁生态分布特征,并结合植被、地形、地貌运用等级聚类将26种蚂蚁划分为4个生态种组。     

商丘黄河故道游览区不同生境蚂蚁多样性研究

采用陷阱诱捕法,在商丘黄河故道地带性植被区5种生境中共采集蚂蚁590头,隶属3亚科6属7种,优势种为黑头酸臭蚁[Tapinoma melanocephalum(Fabricius)]、红林蚁(Formica sinae Emery)、掘穴蚁(Formica cunicxularia Latreille)、黄立毛蚁[Paratre chinaflavipes(Smith)]。     

Nothomyrmecia macrops: A Living-Fossil Ant Rediscovered

The Australian Nothomyrmecia macrops is the most primitive living ant. Until recently rediscovered, it was known only from two 46-year-old specimens, both workers. All developmental stages and adult castes are now known. Adults have stridulatory organs placed ventrally, between abdominal sternites III (with plectrum) and IV (with stridulitrum), differing from all other Hymenoptera, where these organs are dorsal. The chromosome number is the highest recorded for Hymenoptera (2n = 92). Virgin queens are brachypterous. Other anatomical and behavioral features are reviewed. Most are primitive for ants, many being shared with Myrmecia, another primitive Australian genus. Fundamental differences in abdominal structure place Myrmecia near the base of the poneroid phylad of ant subfamilies, while Nothomyrmecia is a primitive formicoid.     

无量山蚂蚁种类及其分布

为查明无量山的蚂蚁物种资源,采用样地调查法调查无量山4个垂直带21块样地105个样方的蚂蚁资源。共采集蚂蚁标本2 113号,鉴定蚂蚁物种共91种,分属于6亚科30属,样地中平均每平方米有蚂蚁20.1头。种类最多的蚁亚科有11属37种,占总物种数的40.7%;其次是切叶蚁亚科9属35种,占总物种数的38.5%;大头蚁属和弓背蚁属种类最多,均有10种,单种属有13属;巴瑞弓背蚁分布最广,在9块样地中有分布,其次是横纹齿猛蚁和中华大头蚁,在7块样地中有分布,仅在1块样地中出现的蚂蚁有38种;个体数低于10头的蚂蚁有43种,其中12种蚂蚁只有1头个体。结果表明,无量山蚂蚁资源十分丰富,具有较大的保护和利用价值。     

藏东南德姆拉山西坡及波密河谷蚂蚁分布格局

为了揭示藏东南地区蚂蚁物种的分布规律,采用搜索调查法和样地调查法调查了德姆拉山西坡及波密河谷蚂蚁物种的分布格局。结果表明:发现蚁科(Formicidae)昆虫3亚科,10属,27种。其群落随生态环境条件的变化呈现带状分布;大多数物种对环境的适应性较弱,仅分布在低海拔区域,垂直分布高差小于500m;同一亚科不同属或同属不同种对环境的选择分化明显。在9类生境中,高山栎(Quercus semicarpifolia)林的物种最丰富;在9类觅食场所中,在地表觅食的物种最丰富;在6类筑巢场所中,在石下筑巢的蚂蚁物种最丰富。亮腹黑褐蚁(Formica gagatoides)是该地区分布最广泛、占据生境类型最多的物种。     

江西、湖南两省人工经营生态系统蚂蚁物种多样性 及功能特征比较研究

探究江西、湖南两省人工经营生态系统蚂蚁物种多样性分布特征及功能特征,为两省蚂蚁物种多样性的保护和持续利用提供重要的依据,以江西省、湖南省人工经营生态系统为研究样地,两省共设置11个采样单元格,每个采样单元格均设置45个1 m²的样方,分别于2019年7月和2020年7月采用改进的吸虫器法对样方内地表蚂蚁进行采集,采集后放置于无水乙醇中带回实验室进行蚂蚁物种鉴定及功能特征分析。结果表明：（1）江西、湖南两省共采集到蚂蚁2 662头,隶属4亚科24属49种。3种生境种类丰富度表现为人工林>草地>农田,湖南省的蚂蚁物种较江西省丰富;（2）江西、湖南两省3种生境物种多样性指数表现一致,为人工林>草地>农田,优势度指数表现一致,但趋势相反;江西省均匀度指数表现为人工林>草地>农田,但湖南省表现为草地小于农田,这与湖南省草地蚂蚁种类丰富度远远大于农田有关;（3）江西、湖南两省农田和人工林的群落相似性均最小,江西省农田和草地群落相似性最大,湖南省草地和人工林群落相似性最大;（4）江西省和湖南省不同蚂蚁物种功能特征表现一致：即日本弓背蚁（Camponotus japonicus）的上颚、触角柄节最长,头宽最大;宽结摇蚁（Erromyrma latinodis）的上颚、触角柄节最短,宽结摇蚁头宽最小。综上可知,湖南省蚂蚁物种资源比江西省略丰富;蚂蚁群落物种多样性和丰富度与生境的复杂程度密切相关,生境越复杂,蚂蚁物种多样性越高,种类丰富度越大,地表蚂蚁功能多样性越高;生境差异性越大,蚂蚁群落相似性越小。     

松花湖自然保护区夜蛾科昆虫区系分析

2005-2010年对吉林省松花湖自然保护区夜蛾科昆虫进行了调查研究.结果表明:松花湖自然保护区夜娥科昆虫有71种,隶属于12亚科53属.其中,杂夜蛾亚科属数和物种数最丰富,夜蛾亚科个体数最多.夜蛾成虫出现的时间为5月上旬至9月中旬,种群种类和个体数均在7月份达到最高峰.松花湖夜蛾科昆虫在世界动物地理区系中以广布成分占...     

黔东南州松茯苓白蚁危害及防治现状调查研究

对黔东南州茯苓主产区的白蚁发生及危害情况进行定点调查.结果发现,黔东南州全州茯苓均发生白蚁危害,以黑翅土白蚁、黄胸散白蚁最为常见,且种群密度高,对茯苓的危害性最大;白蚁主要危害山冲种植的茯苓,坡塝地带白蚁危害相对较轻.由于白蚁危害具有隐蔽性、易传播和扩散蔓延特点,防治较为困难,部分药农使用高效、高残留农药灭杀白蚁,导致茯苓农药残留超标,影响品质.建议从开展高效低残留防治白蚁药物的筛选研究、开展白蚁防治技术研究、开展科学防治白蚁的技术推广工作3个方面着手防治白蚁.     

Traditional knowledge and rationale for weaver ant husbandry in the Mekong delta of Vietnam

The weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), has long been known as perhaps the first example of human manipulation of a natural predator population to enhance the natural biological control of insect pests. The practice of ant husbandry in Vietnamese citrus orchards and the knowledge associated with the use of weaver ants in the Mekong delta are described. In contrast to other regions of Asia, where weaver ants are noted for their role in the protection of citrus from insect damage, citrus farmers in the Mekong delta explain the benefits of ant husbandry in terms of an improvement in fruit quality, likened to the influence of fertilizers, that occurs in direct response to excretory products deposited by the weaver ants as they patrol the fruit. A series of tests, carried out in 1993–94, rated the external shine, sweetness, juiciness, and overall appeal, as characteristics of fruit quality, for paired comparisons of sweet orange, mandarin, and pummelo fruit that had been grown in the presence of weaver ants or from which ants had been excluded. The tests indicate a strong influence of the presence of the weaver ant on external shine, juiciness, and overall appeal for each of the citrus fruits, but particularly for mandarin. The significance of these results and ant husbandry practices in the Mekong delta are discussed in relation to the development of citrus production in Vietnam.     

Treehoppers transfer parental care to ants: a new benefit of mutualism

Female treehoppers (Publilia reticulata Van Duzee) modify their parental care behavior in the presence of ants. Females with untended young remain with their original brood, but females from ant-tended colonies readily desert their first brood and produce additional clutches. Care by female treehoppers, in the absence of ants, increases the probability that a colony will produce some survivors, but ant attendance greatly increases the number of surviving nymphs.     

Interspecific hybridization and caste specificity of protein in fire ant

One natural population of fire ant in Texas was found to be a hybrid between Solenopsis geminata and S. xyloni. Evidence from isozyme studies and breeding experiments is provided to demonstrate interspecific hybridization in ants. In this hybrid population, all worker ants have both parental types of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malate dehydrogenase isozymes, but 95 percent of queens possess only the maternal type.     

Origins and genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe

The farming way of life originated in the Near East some 11,000 years ago and had reached most of the European continent 5000 years later. However, the impact of the agricultural revolution on demography and patterns of genomic variation in Europe remains unknown. We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. Our results suggest that migration from southern Europe catalyzed the spread of agriculture and that admixture in the wake of this expansion eventually shaped the genomic landscape of modern-day Europe.     

Path integration in desert ants controls aggressiveness

Cataglyphis ants of the Sahara Desert are extremely aggressive toward members of other colonies if they are close to their nest entrance, but not once they have embarked on their wide foraging journeys. We show that the ants reach the same level of aggressiveness when they are far from their actual nesting site but their path integrator--their main navigational toolkit--tells them that they are close, indicating a role for the animal's path integrator beyond navigation.     

Explaining the abundance of ants in lowland tropical rainforest canopies

The extraordinary abundance of ants in tropical rainforest canopies has led to speculation that numerous arboreal ant taxa feed principally as "herbivores" of plant and insect exudates. Based on nitrogen (N) isotope ratios of plants, known herbivores, arthropod predators, and ants from Amazonia and Borneo, we find that many arboreal ant species obtain little N through predation and scavenging. Microsymbionts of ants and their hemipteran trophobionts might play key roles in the nutrition of taxa specializing on N-poor exudates. For plants, the combined costs of biotic defenses and herbivory by ants and tended Hemiptera are substantial, and forest losses to insect herbivores vastly exceed current estimates.     

Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Edible Red and Black Ants

Total lipid contents,lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of hot-air dried edible black ants（Polyrhachis vicina Roger） from Wenzhou and Guizhou,China,and edible red ant（Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius） from Thailand were determined.The major lipid components were triacylglycerol（43.4-79.4% of total lipid）,followed by phospholipids（6.1-21.5%）,diacylglycerol（6.1-18.1%） and cholesterol ester（4.9-13.5%） while free fatty acids（1.8-2.9%） and sterol（0.5-0.8%） were the minor components.Oleic acid（C18：1） was the most predominant fatty acid,accounting for 3 407.8,9 098.8 and 3 790.1 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Followed by palmitic acid（C16：0）,922.9,2 523.3 and 1 511.8 mg 100 g-1;linoleic acid（C18：2n-6）,133.7,305.2 and 506.4 mg 100 g-1;α-linolenic acid（C18：3n-3）,35.1,138.0 and 52.5 mg 100 g-1;eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5n-3） was 19.1,15.0 and 20.0 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Docosapentaenoic acid（C22：5n-3） was only found in black ants,7.0 and 7.3 mg 100 g-1 for Wenzhou and Guizhou ants,respectively.The edible black and red ants were shown to be a good source of unsaturated fatty acid.