Distribution of radioactivity in wheat plants grown in the presence of strontium-90

Thatcher wheat grown in soil to which Sr(90) had been added showed that accumulation of radioactivity in the kernels was about one-tenth the accumulation in leaves and stems. Experimental milling of the kernels gave brans with the largest amounts and flours with the least amounts of activity, the Sr(90) concentrations being related practically linearly to the weights of total ash in the various milling products.     

Foliar retention of strontium-90 by wheat

Wheat harvested from the University of Maryland Agronomy Farm in June 1959 contained 20 to 50 micromicrocuries of strontium-90 per kilogram of grain. More than 90 percent of the strontium-90 came from deposition on aboveground plant parts, and less than 10 percent was taken up through the soil. About 1 to 2 percent of the strontium-90 fallout during the time the heads were exposed was retained in the grain.     

Maximum permissible body burden of strontium-90

The permissible body burden of Sr(99) is discussed with respect to the mode of intake. It appears that the maximum permissible load may depend on the type of exposure, acute or chronic, the acute being the more serious.     

Life shortening and tumor production by strontium-90

A linear relationship between dose of internal radiation and two effects, which implies no threshold, is shown to be a possible interpretation of data given by Finkel in "Mice, men and fallout" (1). This interpretation is at variance with that offered by Finkel, which was that the dose-effect relationship is nonlinear and indicates a threshold.     

Deposition of strontium-90 through October 1958; the global deposition of strontium-90 is discussed in relation to the absorption of the isotope by man

It is estimated that the global deposition of strontium-90 increased from 1.9 to 2.6 megacuries during the period from June 1957 to October 1958. During this time the stratospheric reservoir of strontium-90 increased from 1.4 to 4.3 megacuries. Approximately 90 percent of the deposition of debris now stored in the stratosphere will have occurred by 1970. In 1958, the strontium-90 content of powdered milk in the New York area averaged 5.9 micromicrocuries per gram of calcium in comparison with 3.9 micromicrocuries per gram of calcium for the previous year. For this region of the country, the strontium-90 content of milk appears to be increasing in proportion to the strontium-90 content of the soils from which the cows derive their forage. The upper limit of foreseeable contamination in milk can be estimated by assuming that this proportionality will continue until all of the strontium-90 has been deposited from the upper atmosphere. This procedure should yield estimates which tend to err on the side of safety. In this manner, it is estimated that the maximum foreseeable sustained level of milk contamination in the New York area is 11 micromicrocuries per gram of calcium. A child deriving its calcium from dairy sources may be expected to develop a skeleton having 5.5 micromicrocuries per gram of calcium. This estimate is double that made in June 1957 and reflects the increased stratospheric inventory due to U.S.S.R. detonations in 1958. The radiological dose to the skeleton from natural sources such as cosmic rays, radium, potassium, and so forth, is approximately 125 millirems per year. A skeletal burden of 5.5 micromicrocuries of strontium-90 per gram of calcium will deliver a dose of approximately 5.5 millirems per year to the bone marrow. The maximum foreseeable dose from strontium-90 in the New York area is thereby estimated to be about 5 percent of the dose due to natural radioactivity.     

交换钙对锶-89在小麦和大豆中积累的影响

运用同位素示踪技术研究了交换钙对~(89)Sr在小麦及其连作作物大豆中积累的影响。结果表明,交换钙将抑制~(89)Sr由土壤向小麦和大豆植株的输运和积累。~(89)Sr在该两种作物中的滞留浓度C_i与交换钙量x呈线性负相关:麦根(?)_1=124.2-10.1x,麦秸(?)_2=99.3-3.8x,麦壳(?)_3=40.1-6.0x,麦粒(?)_4=12.3-1.5x;大豆根(?)_1=333.0-53.5x,豆秸(?)_2=230.2-36.5x,豆壳(?)_3=240.5-42.3x,豆叶(?)_4=309.2-48.9x,豆籽(?)_5=11.8-1.6x。     

小麦耕层土壤微生物分布情况的研究

为提高土壤肥力、改善土壤生态环境,并为提高小麦产量提供理论依据,文章分别对山西省、河南省、黑龙江省、天津市西青区、天津市武清区、宁夏回族自治区的小麦地耕层土壤微生物的类群、数量及分布进行测定并比较。结果表明,随着耕层深度的增加,土壤微生物数量先增加后减少,在第2层或第5层出现最大菌落数量,并且发现麦田土壤微生物含量与小麦产量和土壤的理化性质有着密切的联系。     

黄淮麦区部分小麦种质资源中矮秆基因的分布

选用254份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系),利用BFMR1,DFMR2和微卫星xgwm261标记检测了矮秆基因Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8的分布.结果表明,在254份材料中,含有Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8基因的材料分别有84,171和178份,平均株高分别为80.7,78.5和80.7 cm.只含有Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8基因的材料分别有15,36和31份,平均株高分别为83.8,80.1和86.2 cm.只含Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因有16份,平均株高为73.7cm,Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因具有累加效应,两个基因同时存在时株高降低幅度会更大.只含Rht-B1b和Rht8基因的有94份,只含Rht-D1b和Rht8基因的有28份,同时含有Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b和Rht8基因的有25份,同时不含这3个矮秆基因的有9份,说明黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)中绝大部分品种均含有不同种类的矮秆基因.微卫星WMS 261及基于PCR的2个STS标记可以分别用于对品种(系)中Rht8,Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因型的鉴定以及育种世代该基因型的筛选.     

Evolution of the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in seawater from cretaceous to present

A detailed record of the strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater during the last 100 million years was determined by measuring this ratio in 137 well-preserved and well-dated fossil foraminifera samples. Sample preservation was evaluated from scanning electron microscopy studies, measured strontium-calcium ratios, and pore water strontium isotope ratios. The evolution of the strontium isotopic ratio in seawater offers a means to evaluate long-term changes in the global strontium isotope mass balance. Results show that the marine strontium isotope composition can be used for correlating and dating well-preserved authigenic marine sediments throughout much of the Cenozoic to a precision of +/-1 million years. The strontium-87 to strontium-86 ratio in seawater increased sharply across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, but this feature is not readily explained as strontium input from a bolide impact on land.     

Orphan strontium-87 in abyssal peridotites: daddy was a granite

The (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios in some bulk abyssal and alpine peridotites are too high to be binary mixtures of depleted mantle and seawater components. The apparent excess, or "orphan," (87)Sr appears to be separated from its radioactive parent. Such observations were widely held to be analytical artifacts. Study of several occurrences of orphan (87)Sr shows that the orphan component in abyssal peridotite is located in the alteration products of olivine and enstatite in the peridotite. The orphan (87)Sr is most likely introduced by infiltration of low-temperature (<200 degrees C) seawater bearing suspended detrital particulates. These particulates include grains of detrital clay that are partly derived from continental (that is, granitic) sources and thus are highly radiogenic. Orphan (87)Sr and other radiogenic isotopes may provide a tracer for low-temperature seawater penetrating into the oceanic crust.     

The use of strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios to measure atmospheric transport into forested watersheds

Strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios indicate the sources of strontium in samples of natural waters, vegetation, and soil material taken from watersheds in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. More than 75 percent of the strontium in the vegetation is ultimately derived from atmospheric transport and less than 25 percent from the weathering of the underlying rock. Much of the airborne strontium enters the watersheds by impacting on coniferous foliage, but deciduous foliage apparently traps little, if any, strontium-bearing aerosol. The strontium and presumably other nutrients are continuously recycled in a nearly closed system consisting of upper soil horizons, forest litter, and the standing crop of vegetation.     

Abundance of alkali metals, alkaline and rare earths, and strontium-87/ strontium-86 ratios in lunar samples

The variation in trace element abundance patterns indicates that lunar igneous rocks are the product of extensive igneous fractionation. Variations in the Sr(87)/ Sr(86) ratio indicate that these rocks crystallized 3.5+/-0.3 x 10(9) years ago.