加强农业科技档案管理 更好服务“三农”

农业科技档案是农业科技工作的一个重要组成部分,是农业科研成果的主要载体,是促进农村经济发展、增加农民收入的重要途径和手段。规范档案管理,创新管理模式,增强服务意识和创新服务机制,进一步开发利用档案资源,全力服务“三农”是农业科技档案工作者义不容辞的责任。     

农业现代化背景下新型职业农民培训研究

在我国农业现代化转型过程中,为了更好地破解如何种好地、谁来种地的问题,必须大 力培育新型职业农民。面对着土地流转、农业现代化生产经营水平日益提升,对农民的职业要 求越来越高。然而国内绝大部分农民没有接受过专业化的农业技术培训,无法适应现代农业的 发展特点,必须采取有效措施,对他们进行科学合理的农业培训,培育他们成长为新型职业农 民,更好地适应农业快速发展的需要,更好地推动农业现代化的实现。     

会计政策变更与重大会计差错会计处理对比分析

详细论述了会计政策变更和重大会计差错两种特殊会计业务在处理方法上的相同点及区别。     

Copyright, public policy, and information technology

Photocopying, computing, and other neopublishing technologies may threaten the traditional foundations of the creation of knowledge and simultaneously promise ever-faster creation of scholarly insights and social decision-making. Conversely, copyright law maintains accepted patterns of data-production and may hinder increased rates of research and information-based decision-making. These are multiple dilemmas, and must be faced squarely in formulating new policies for new technologies.     

Agricultural biotechnology research: Practices,consequences, and policy recommendations

This paper reviews current trends in the development of agricultural biotechnology, including (1) the recent and potential biotechnology products and processes in the plant, animal and food sciences, and (2) the enormous increase in Federal and State government and industrial investments in biotechnology research. Next we analyze the impacts and possible consequences of agricultural biotechnology for public and private agricultural research and for the structure and nature of the food system in this country and around the world. We conclude with a range of proposals for agricultural research policies. Among the possible consequences we discuss are: (1) a shift in disciplinary emphasis in the research community to molecular biology, (2) reduction of research on systems, ecology, and the social sciences, (3) increased concentration of research funds at a small number of institutions, (4) reduction of long-term research in the public sector, (5) increased collaboration between industry, government and universities with a restriction of scientific communication, and a potential for conflict of interest, favoritism and increased scientific misconduct, (6) a change of the primary goals and agenda of the public sector research community, and (7) increased concentration in the agribusiness sector and the industrialization of the food system. Our policy suggestions include: (1) maintaining and strengthening an independent public research and teaching system, (2) striking a balance between short-term proprietary biotechnology and long-term nonproprietary research, (3) maintaining an extension system that delivers biotechnology information and products to all potential users, (4) developing a regulatory system that adequately protects the public and provides clear guidelines to industry. (5) assisting developing nations to reap the benefits of the biotechnology revolution, and (6) establishing mechanisms to foster broad-based understanding of the social and ethical issues relating to agricultural biotechnology and to promote research on the social and ethical impacts.     

事业单位会计引入权责发生制的改革研究

对于事业单位来说做好一个文员工作至关重要,但随着社会主义现代化的不断完善和发展,会计工作在事业单位的发展中越来越重要,甚至是起到举足轻重的作用。但是,也正是由于我国经济体系制度的不断创立与完善,在事业单位中会计的各项职责必须要向着权责发生制度大步迈进。所以,对事业单位中的会计工作来说引入权责发生制的改革在当代社会中扮演着非同一般的角色。     

浅谈农民文化素质与农业技术推广

农业技术推广以农民为对象,以教育、培训、传播信息、咨询服务为主要手段,根据农村发展需要,向农民传播知识、技术和信息,改变农民的态度与行为,提高农民的素质和团体发展能力,改善农民生产和生活条件,从而促进农村经济和社会的全面发展。     

内容分析方法在公共政策研究中的应用 ———以耕地占补平衡政策为例

目前,内容分析方法作为一种“黑箱技术”（Black Box Technique）在分析长时段的政策演变中得到广泛 应用。其优势在于综合运用定量与定性分析方法可以测度出政策文本有关主题的本质、问题和发展趋势。采用内容 分析方法对我国耕地占补平衡政策进行三维扫描,分别从政策的纵向层级、横向构成和出台时间的多维视角构建耕 地占补平衡政策谱系,系统分析出台政策的数量、类型和特点;再对政策内容文本进行编码统计;最后从频数合计、 频数排序,以及主题词频数升降变化趋势等维度对数据进行系统分析,为制定科学合理的公共政策提供现实依据。     

New directions in the relation between public and private debt

Until the 1980s the outstanding indebtedness of government and private-sector borrowers in the United States exhibited sufficient negative covariation that total outstanding debt remained steady relative to nonfinancial economic activity. Three hypotheses-one based on lenders' behavior, one on borrowers' behavior, and one on credit market institutional arrangements-provide potential explanations for this phenomenon. Since 1980 the U.S. debt markets have departed from these previously prevailing patterns, however, as both government and private borrowing have risen sharply.     

Values, public policy, and community food security

Values and beliefs regarding communityfood security were investigated among participants in2–3 day participatory planning events related to thelocal food system in six rural counties from oneregion of upstate New York. The results of Qmethodology reveal three distinct viewpoints: a) theSocial Justice viewpoint, which is primarily concernedwith hunger and the potential harm caused by welfarereform; b) the Pragmatist viewpoint, which values thecontributions agriculture makes to local communitiesand is not concerned about environmental or socialexternalities of the dominant food system; and c) theVisionary viewpoint, which also values agriculture inthe community but is very concerned aboutenvironmental and social externalities. After theplanning events, the Pragmatist viewpoint experiencedan 88% increase in members and the other twoviewpoints became less salient. Various categories ofprofessionals (e.g., nutrition, social welfare,agriculture, environmental) tend to express theviewpoints associated with their professions and/orthe client groups they serve. Despite thesedifferences among participants, the planning events inall six counties resulted in a wide range of goals andobjectives centered on a theme of re-localizing avariety of food system activities. These results arediscussed in relation to the desirability ofdeveloping an explicit philosophy of food andagriculture and the ideal processes required to doso.     

农民施肥水平过高原因探析(英文)

[目的]从经济学角度解释当前农业施肥水平过高的原因。[方法]建立农民化肥投入模型,并应用江苏省1990～2004年的序列数据进行实证分析。[结果]20世纪90年代以来化肥投入水平的增加主要原因在于劳动力价格的上涨;农技推广体系的完善程度对农民施肥行为有一定的影响,但农技推广体系的衰落并不是农民施肥量大幅增加的主要原因。[结论]农业施肥水平过高的部分原因在于缺乏科学施肥的技术,但更重要的因素是劳动工资的提高所造成的化肥对劳动投入的替代效应以及农产品价格持续上涨所产生的引致效应。     

论农民的非制度化政治参与和农业发展——以四川省东兴区农民为调查对象

基于当今部分农民采用直接对抗、越级上访等非制度化的方式来参与政治生活,不仅浪费农民的时间和金钱,还给农民造成强大的心理压力,从而减少对农业的投入,影响农业的发展等问题的分析,提出应拓宽农民政治参与渠道、增强农民政治责任意识、创建农民政治参与文化对策与建议,从而引导农民有序、规范地参与政治生活。     

Gene technology,food production,and public opinion: A UK study

In this paper, dimensions of the debate surrounding the application of gene technology to food production are discussed and a study assessing perceptions of the technology among a sample of the UK public (n = 1499) is reported. The general picture that emerges from the study is one of people expressing low familiarity with the technology, with more people associating it with high risks than with low risks, and more people expecting it to provide low benefits than high benefits. Attitudes towards different applications vary significantly, as does trust in different potential sources of information about the technology. It is also shown that attitudes can be predicted not only by estimates of risks and benefits but also by perceptions of the involvement of ethical issues, by the perceived need for the technology, and by the perceived likelihood of improvements it is likely to bring to the quality of life in the UK. The results are discussed in the context of the need for greater public information about the technology and the realization that communication of risks takes place within a complex network of societal relationships.Paul Sparks is a social psychologist at the Institute of Food Research, Reading, UK. He has studied at the Universities of Kent (BA) and Oxford (DPhil). His research interests include attitude theory, social influences on food choice, and social and moral dimensions of attitudes towards food consumption and food production methods.