特早熟杏的育种

通过有性杂交与胚培技术相结合的办法,首次获得200余株基因重组后代,并从中选育出1株果实发育期仅52天的特早熟优系。研究结果表明,特早熟杏育种的关键技术措施是:①选用优良的早熟杏品种为亲本进行杂交;②于硬核期(PF,值0.9～1.0)采集杂种胚接种于Tukey BA0.2mg/L的培养基上;③1～3℃低温处理80天以上;④9月下旬气温较低时移植于盛有消毒沙的纸袋中;⑤加强肥水管理、接种VA菌根等促进胚培苗的营养生长;⑥当胚培苗高达2.5m左右时,于5月份叶面喷施1000mg/L的PP333,可控长促花,提早结果,比常规层积播种法缩短童期2年以上。     

特早熟桃的育种

作者借助胚培养技术,获得了果实发育期仅为56天的特早熟软核型水蜜桃。根据已发表的资料突破了国际上特早熟桃60天成熟的界限。 胚培技术的优点是可以利用双亲共有的早熟基因,获得自然界所不能出现的基因重组的后代,而缺点则是较常规育种困难。但只要能正确地选用亲本,注意种胚发育、接种技术和试管苗移植等环节,可以提高育种效果。 文中对特早熟桃的育种目标、途径和特有的红叶性状进行了探讨。     

特早熟桃良种选育初报

1981年上海市农科院园艺所培育成功果实生育期仅56～58天的桃特早熟新品系沪005,1985年定名春蕾。本所自1981年起,也进行了特早熟桃的杂交选育,目标是在某些性状上能进一步超过春蕾。 由于桃早熟品种的种胚发育期短,发育不完善,用常规法播种不发芽。因此,本研究采用有性杂交结合人工胚培的育种途径,至1987年的7年间,共杂交36个组合,接种种胚4284枚,培育出种苗909株。其中1981年杂交的11个组合的67株苗,于1982年定植,1983年有27株开花,17株结果;1984和1985连续两年进行评选;1986年确定扩大繁殖较为优良的3个品系:-8!一9—l(早白凤X早香玉)、…     

金太阳杏引种表现及丰产栽培技术

特早熟杏品种‘金太阳’。1999年春从山东省泰安市果树研究所引入．栽植在天津市蓟县下营镇道古峪村王保国承包的土地上，采用株行距2米×4米（每667平方米83株）。选用2年生金太阳杏优质嫁接苗进行栽培试验。试栽面积1．5公顷，平地。该地属于大陆性气候．全年降雨量在500．750毫米．无霜期在180天左右，年日照2132小时，褐士，pH值6．2．7，呈中性或微酸性。平均温度10-12℃，最高温度40℃，     

早熟和四倍体葡萄胚培养的研究

1988～1991年对葡萄6个早熟品种和7个四倍体品种进行种子胚培养,成苗率分别达到40%～71%和52%～89%,与常规播种相比,成苗率提高两倍以上。早熟品种和四倍体品种在浆果成熟期接种培养的效果明显地优于花后45天接种者,低温和切喙处理有效地促进了早熟和四倍体品种胚的萌发,并提高了成苗率,提出了一套早熟和四倍体葡萄品种胚培养的有效措施。     

江西省1999年蔬菜主要推广新品种

夏冠白菜适合热带和亚热带的栽培新品种。抗热（３５～３７℃），耐湿性特强，抗软腐病、白斑病、病毒病。生长势强，叶色深绿，外叶少，叶无毛，结球坚实，耐贮运，可密植，每６６６．７ｍ２２０００～２２００株，需３～４袋种子。极早熟品种，播种后５０天可收获，球重１．５～２ｋｇ，延迟收获可达４ｋｇ。在寒冷地区春天种植，可能抽苔。夏天高温，太阳直射时，可用遮阳网。雨量太多时，用塑料薄膜保护。此品种为杂交一代，不可留种。夏优３号大白菜从播种到收获约需５８天；株高３４ｃｍ，开展度４２ｃｍ；外叶８～１０片，深绿色，帮…     

特早熟桃新品种──云露

云露桃为雨花露×冈山早生杂交后经胚培养育成的特早熟桃新品种，果实平均生育期５５ ｄ，平均单果重９１ ｇ。果实近椭圆形，成熟时阳面有鲜红晕，外观艳丽。风味甜有微酸，有的年份后味微涩，有香气，可溶性固形物含量７．８％～１０．４％，可溶性糖含量５．９６％～７．１０％，品质中上。１９９９年１月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定，目前在省内外１７个县市推广栽培５万株。     

特早熟桃“春蕾”

特早熟桃品种“春蕾”,原代号为“沪005”,系上海市农科院园艺所于1974年利用双亲共同具有的早熟基因,在基因重组的基础上,再借助幼胚组织培养技术培育而成。母本为日本早熟桃“砂子早生”,父本为我国早熟桃“白香露”。果实发育期56～58天,5月底～6月初成熟,是目前我国最早熟的桃品种。“春蕾”较丰产,在4×3m的株行距下,     

第三代特早熟甜油桃新品系--丽春、超红珠、春光

丽春、超红珠、春光是北京市农林科学院植保环保所甜油桃育种组，在原丹墨、早红珠和瑞光系列油桃的基础上选育出的特早熟新一代品系。这３个新选系的共同特点是：①早熟，丽春、超红珠比早红珠早熟７天；②果个特大，丽春、超红珠单果重１２０～１５０ｇ，最大２５０ｇ，春光单果重１６５ｇ，比早红珠大３０ｇ以上；③果面更红，全面着色，鲜红亮丽；④品质优，含可溶性固形物１１．２％～１５．２％，克服了早熟桃不甜的问题。 丽春、超红珠、春光３个特早熟甜油桃，蓬莱市蓬仙果树所接受北京农林科学院的独家技术转让。在所内现已栽培面…     

早熟春甘蓝“未熟抽苔”发生原因及防止

早熟春甘蓝“未熟抽苔”发生原因及防止甘蓝植株属春化作物，在１～１２℃条件下经过５０～６０天就能通过春化阶段发生“未熟抽苔”现象，给生产带来损失。发生原因：选用的冬性品种；幼苗叶片在７个以上，最大叶宽５厘米以上，茎粗０．６厘米以上的大苗，经过了一段时间...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.