仔猪母源性腹泻的原因分析及预防方法

仔猪母源性腹泻主要原因是母源抗体不足、母猪奶水不充足、奶水的有效营养含量不足、奶水中含有致病因子和毒素。预防措施主要为合理调配饲料、排除奶水中致病因子和毒素、净化猪场猪瘟伪狂犬疾病、预防仔猪细菌性腹泻、加强母猪产房日常管理等。     

仔猪肠道菌群的母源传递北大核心CSCD

肠道早期微生物在新生仔猪免疫系统构建过程中起着重要作用,哺乳仔猪肠道菌群具有强烈的母源性特征。在妊娠后期至断奶阶段,母体微生物组持续对仔猪肠道菌群结构产生影响。定植入仔猪肠道的母源菌群中,母猪肠道菌群发挥重要且持续的作用,使其成为调控哺乳仔猪肠道菌群的重要靶点。本文就肠道菌群的母源传递进行论证,旨在为仔猪肠道菌群结构的母源干预思路及相关研究提供理论依据。     

哺乳期仔猪饲养应把握好“三关”

仔猪在哺乳期间,不但要根据哺乳母猪的特点进行饲养,同时对哺乳仔猪重点是要把好＂三关＂。 1初生关 母猪初乳不仅营养丰富,而且含有母源抗体,让仔猪及早吃足初乳,对于仔猪生长发育和防病非常重要。固定乳头是提高仔猪成活率的重要措施之一。     

仔猪腹泻的病因及综合防治

仔猪腹泻在养猪生产中较为常见,可阻得仔猪生长发育,降低机体抵抗力,影响养猪业的良性发展。仔猪腹泻的病因极其复杂,既包括营养因素、应激因素和母源性因素,也有某些重要疾病因素。     

母猪产后缺乳征的发生原因与防治措施

母乳中含有仔猪所需要的全部营养物质 ,它是仔猪产后 2 0日龄前正常生理需要和生长发育的唯一来源 ,也是母源抗体传递给仔猪使之获得抗病力的重要途径。如果母猪产后不泌乳或泌乳减少 ,或乳的品质差 ,都将不同程度地影响到仔猪的正常生长发育 ,造成仔猪生长发育缓慢、日增重降低、皮粗毛密 ,形体消瘦甚至死亡。此外 ,由于母猪缺乳 ,还会使仔猪不能通过初乳获得特异性免疫力。因此 ,准确掌握集约化母猪产后泌乳缺减的症状、病因及防治措施 ,对于促进仔猪生长发育 ,减少疾病发生 ,提高经济效益具有十分重要的意义。1　临床症状母猪在产仔过程…     

乳源性生长因子在新生反刍动物胃肠道生长发育中的作用

乳中含有大量具生物活性的多肽类生长因子。这些生长因子对新生反刍动物的胃肠道生长发育和完善有深刻影响 ,对刺激组织细胞生长、促进胃肠道吸收、调控消化酶和增强免疫力有明显作用     

集约化猪场产后母猪泌乳缺减症

母乳是初生仔猪维持正常生理需要和生长发育的唯一营养来源，也是母源抗体传递给仔猪使之获得抗病力的途径。如果母猪产后不泌乳，泌乳减少，或乳的品质差，都将不同程度地影响到仔猪的正常生长发育，造成仔猪生长发育缓慢、日增重差、皮粗毛密、形体瘦弱，甚至死亡。美国...     

母源抗体在仔猪疾病防治中能应用研究

仔猪可通过母猪的乳汁获得母源抗体。而且母源抗体在仔猪体内具有一定的持续时间和消长规律。母源抗体可使仔猪在一定时间内被动地获得免疫保护,也可对疫苗接种后机体的主动免疫应答产生干扰。合理利用仔猪依靠母源抗体所获得的免疫保护．科学制定母猪和仔猪的免疫程序,对仔猪的疾病防治至关重要。简要阐述母源抗体的传递方式、作用和消长规律,以及母源抗体在仔猪疾病防制方面的研究和应用等。     

母源抗体在仔猪疾病防治中的应用研究

仔猪可通过母猪的乳汁获得母源抗体,而且母源抗体在仔猪体内具有一定的持续时间和消长规律。母源抗体可使仔猪在一定时间内被动地获得免疫保护,也可对疫苗接种后机体的主动免疫应答产生干扰。合理利用仔猪依靠母源抗体所获得的免疫保护,科学制定母猪和仔猪的免疫程序,对仔猪的疾病防治至关重要。简要阐述母源抗体的传递方式、作用和消长规律,以及母源抗体在仔猪疾病防制方面的研究和应用等。     

生产中母猪拒哺的原因与对策

母乳是出生至20日龄前仔猪赖以生存的营养物质,也是新生仔猪获得母源抗体的惟一来源,如果母猪产后拒绝哺乳,将严重影响仔猪的成活率与生长发育。因此,了解母猪拒哺的原因,采取相应的管理措施,对于提高仔猪成活率,促进仔猪生长发育,提高养猪经济效益具有十分重要的意义。     

Direct and maternal breed effects on growth and milk intake of piglets: Meishan versus Dutch breeds

Cross fostering techniques were used to evaluate pre-natal (direct genetic and maternal) and post-natal (maternal) breed effects in Meishan and Dutch breeds on milk intake and growth of piglets during the suckling period and growth after weaning. Meishan as well as Dutch sows nursed mixed litters of Meishan and Dutch piglets. Birth weight of Dutch as compared to Meishan piglets was 56% higher. The effects of this birth weight difference on milk intake and growth of piglets were studied. Data on 44 mixed litters nursed by 21 Dutch and 23 Meishan sows were available.At an average birth weight difference, growth rate from birth to 21 and 21–35 d was 25 and 31% higher for Dutch than for Meishan piglets respectively, while milk intake per piglet at days 13 and 30 of lactation was 38 and 36% higher, respectively. Differences between Dutch and Meishan sows were small.Higher growth during the suckling period of Dutch as compared to Meishan piglets was mainly caused by their higher birth weight. Results indicate that Meishan sows have good maternal characteristics, i.e. significantly lower piglet mortality and the ability to raise also the heavier, more demanding Dutch piglets.     

Oral ingestion of colostrum alters intestinal transforming growth factor-beta receptor intensity in newborn pigs

Mammary gland secretion contains numerous bioactive compounds including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The concentrations of such bioactive compounds are usually much higher in colostrum compared with those in mature milk. To investigate possible effects of colostrum-borne TGF-β on the suckling animal, newborn piglets were naturally suckled or bottle-fed with porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, porcine milk, infant formula or water for 24 h and intestinal TGF-β receptor intensity was assessed using an immunohistochemical staining technique in combination with computerized image analysis. The intestinal structure was also analyzed by morphometric analysis technique. It was observed that newborn pigs naturally suckled or bottle-fed with porcine or bovine colostrum had significantly greater intestinal villous height and crypt depth when compared with those fed with porcine milk, infant formula or water (p < 0.05). The immunostaining intensity for TGF-β receptors in the intestinal epithelium, particularly on the apical membrane of the villous epithelium, was significantly lower in naturally suckled or colostrum fed piglets compared with that in piglets fed with milk, infant formula or water (p < 0.05). Such decline in receptor intensity is likely the result of receptor internalization and degradation following exposure to colostrum-borne TGF-β. These findings suggest that colostrum-borne TGF-β can modulate intestinal TGF-β signalling pathways and may play a role in postnatal adaptation of the gut in newborn pigs.     

胰岛素和酶解配方乳对初生仔猪胃肠道生长发育影响的研究

为研究胰岛素和酶解配方乳是否促进初生仔猪胃肠道的生长发育 ,本试验比较了饲喂配方乳、配方乳补加胰岛素(60mIU/ml)或酶解(胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶)配方乳3天后仔猪胃肠的重量 ,肠道长度 ,肠粘膜DNA、RNA和蛋白质含量 ,血浆中皮质醇、胰岛素和胃泌素的水平。饲喂配方乳补加胰岛素或酶解配方乳的仔猪与饲喂配方乳的仔猪相比 ,胃、小肠、结肠的重量 ,小肠和结肠的长度 ,小肠粘膜DNA、RNA含量和结肠粘膜DNA、RNA、蛋白质含量均无显著变化(P>0.05) ;血浆中皮质醇、胰岛素水平也无显著差异(P>0.05)。但饲喂配方乳补加胰岛素的仔猪小肠粘膜尤其是回肠后段粘膜的重量(P<0.05)和蛋白质含量(P<0.01)显著高于饲喂配方乳的仔猪 ;饲喂酶解配方乳仔猪血浆的胃泌素水平均显著(P<0.01)高于饲喂配方乳的仔猪 ,酶解配方乳中可能含有刺激初生仔猪胃泌素释放的物质     

The development of microflora and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of suckled piglets and replacer-fed piglets

The objective of this study was to obtain knowledge about the postnatal development of microflora and the production of short-chain fatty acids in 24 piglets suckled by sows and 26 piglets fed on milk replacement. On day 14 piglets which had received no colostrum had higher counts of Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001) and coliform bacteria (p <0.001) in the jejunum contents than piglets suckled by their mother sow. Depending on age, concentrations of both lactic and acetic acid were higher in the contents of the small intestine of piglets suckled by sows compared to milk replacer-fed piglets. Replacement of maternal milk by artificial feeding adversely affected the postnatal development of the piglets. This resulted in higher morbidity and mortality in those piglets.     

母乳能量水平对仔猪生长的影响及其分子机理

母体是仔猪胚胎期和初生时唯一的营养来源,也是哺乳期主要的营养源。妊娠期和泌乳期母体的营养和体况不仅影响繁殖性能和泌乳性能而且直接决定仔猪的生长。妊娠期添加纤维日粮能升高母猪血液VFA浓度,特别是乙酸浓度,它可以直接合成乳脂,提高乳汁能量。在妊娠后期和哺乳期调整母猪饲料组成可以改善产奶量和乳成分,从而影响仔猪生长性能。本文从仔猪的生理特点、日粮养分尤其是纤维和脂肪对母猪泌乳、繁殖性能和仔猪生长的影响以及调控仔猪生长的分子机理等方面进行了综述。     

胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉对初生仔猪小肠生长发育的影响

为研究胰岛素和酶解配方奶粉是否促进初生仔猪小肠的组织生长和功能成熟,本试验比较了饲喂配方奶粉与饲喂配方奶粉补加胰素或酶解配方奶粉３ｄ后仔猪小肠的重量和长度,组织形态学结构,粘膜ＤＮＡ,ＲＮＡ和蛋白质含量,及小肠内容物中乳糖酶,麦芽糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。     

Effect of ginseng polysaccharides on the immunity and growth of piglets by dietary supplementation during late pregnancy and lactating sows

There are many reports that dietary supplementation with plant polysaccharides in pigs might promote their growth, but little is known about the maternal effect of ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on piglets’ growth by dietary supplementation to pregnant and lactating sows. In the current study, the effects of dietary supplementation with GPS on the immunity of sows and growth of their piglets were investigated. Results showed no significant difference among the four groups in the total number of piglets, live piglets, weak piglets and birth weight of piglets, indicating the GPS‐treatment has no adverse effect on reproduction. Furthermore, the weaning weight of the GPS‐treated groups was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05); among them, the addition of 200 mg/kg dose has the best effect. Interestingly, GPS increased the total immunoglobulin G concentration in milk and serum of sows (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon‐γ in milk and serum of sows were also increased in the experimental groups relative to the control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, maternal supplementation of GPS significantly increased IL‐2 and TNF‐α concentration in the piglets’ serum of the experimental groups relative to control (P < 0.05). GPS (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in milk and serum (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that GPS supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation improved immunity‐related bio‐molecular levels in sow serum and milk, which may be further beneficial to piglet health and growth through biological transmission effects.     

仔猪教槽料的应用研究进展

教槽料具有促进仔猪生长发育,提高断奶体重的作用,其可辅助乳仔猪在哺乳期学会采食饲料,是一种为代替全乳而配制的饲料。简述了仔猪教槽料的功效、加工工艺、饲料形态、无抗教槽料对仔猪生长发育的影响,旨在为仔猪教槽料的研究应用提供参考。     

Fetal loss and hyposulfataemia in pregnant NaS1 transporter null mice

Sulfate is important for growth and development, and is supplied from mother to fetus throughout pregnancy. We used NaS1 sulfate transporter null (Nas1(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of NaS1 in maintaining sulfate homeostasis during pregnancy and to determine the physiological consequences of maternal hyposulfataemia on fetal, placental and postnatal growth. We show that maternal serum (≤0.5 mM), fetal serum (<0.1 mM) and amniotic fluid (≤0.5 mM) sulfate levels were significantly lower in pregnant Nas1(-/-) mice when compared with maternal serum (?2.0 mM), fetal serum (?1.5 mM) and amniotic fluid (?1.7 mM) sulfate levels in pregnant Nas1(+/+) mice. After 12 days of pregnancy, fetal reabsorptions led to markedly reduced (by ≥50%) fetal numbers in Nas1(-/-) mice. Placental labyrinth and spongiotrophoblast layers were increased (by ?140%) in pregnant Nas1(-/-) mice when compared to pregnant Nas1(+/+) mice. Birth weights of progeny from female Nas1(-/-) mice were increased (by ?7%) when compared to progeny of Nas1(+/+) mice. These findings show that NaS1 is essential to maintain high maternal and fetal sulfate levels, which is important for maintaining pregnancy, placental development and normal birth weight.     

Repeated administrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone during gestation in gilts: Effects on growth, behaviour and immune responses of their piglets

This study investigated whether repeated administrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during mid or late gestation, a treatment which induces endogenous cortisol release, affect growth performance, early vitality, open-field behaviour and immune responses of neonatal pigs. Administrations of ACTH (100 IU per animal, Synacthen^® Depot) were given intramuscularly to gilts every second day either during mid (Day 49 until 75, Experiment 1) or late gestation (Day 85 until 107, Experiment 2). Control gilts received repeated injections of saline. The repeated ACTH stimulation of gilts during late gestation significantly reduced their daily weight gain during this period, but not when applied during mid gestation. Gestation length, number of born piglets and vitality measures of the newborn piglets, such as the rectal temperatures after birth and times elapsed between birth and first udder contact or milk uptake were not affected by the prenatal treatments. Administration of ACTH during late but not during mid gestation significantly increased the birth weights of piglets, and this difference in postnatal body weight was detectable until an age of 21 days. In addition, only the stimulation with ACTH during late gestation had an immunosuppressive effect on the lymphocyte proliferation of piglets 1 day after birth in response to the T-cell mitogen ConA and, in tendency, on the proliferation in response to the B-cell mitogen LPS. Twenty-four day old piglets from gilts treated during late gestation showed significantly more escape behaviour in an open-field than piglets from control litters. In conclusion, elevated maternal glucocorticoid levels during critical periods of prenatal development in pigs may affect prenatal growth, cell-mediated immunity and emotional reactivity in the neonatal piglets. The occurrence of these effects depends on the timing of increased maternal cortisol levels during gestation.