自然生境下盐角草的离子吸收-运输特征

通过对自然生境下盐角草的离子及部分重金属元素吸收-运输特性的分析,结果表明:①盐角草地上部Cl-, Na , K 含量显著(P≤0.05)大于地下部;②盐角草的离子吸收选择顺序为K ＞Mg2 ＞Cl-＞Na ＞SO42-＞Ca2 ,而运输选择顺序为Na ＞Cl-＞K ＞Mg2 ＞SO42-＞Ca2 ,反映了盐角草对离子(特别是K , Na , Cl-)的优先选择性在吸收和运输方面的不同;③选择性比率SK, Na＞SMg, Na＞SCa, Na,说明稳定体内K /Na 是盐角草耐盐的重要机制;④盐角草的离子吸收和运输存在一个梯度:根系相对于土壤介质,离子的吸收倍数为3.7～129.4;地上部相对于根的运输倍数为1.1～2.8,这种从土壤→根系→地上部离子转运成倍数的累积,既保证营养吸收的需求,又保证了低水势的维持;⑤污灌区盐角草的重金属含量除Cu外,Cd, Pb, As均是地下部含量＞地上部;Cu在地上部的富集系数＞1,As在地下部的富集系数为2.6,反映了盐角草对Cu,As的不同富集能力,因此,盐角草可用于盐渍化土壤重金属污染后的修复.     

输液滴干 控荔枝冬梢

正输液滴干是结合输液和滴灌两种方式的优点,发展起来的一门新技术。输液的水肥直接进入树体,利用率极大提高。该技术将滴头插到树上,一部分水肥通过叶片蒸腾拉力经木质部进入叶片(原理同输液),一部分由一定流速的滴头将水肥通过韧皮部流入根系,被韧皮部和根系吸收,克服了输液和滴灌的各自不足,还可以进行水肥药一体化。输液滴干有两种方式,一种是吊袋输液滴干,另一种是管道输液滴干。吊袋输液滴干先在树干上     

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬属植物渗透调节作用的影响

研究NaCl处理对骆驼蓬属植物幼苗生物量、植株中主要无机离子和有机溶质的含量及渗透调节能力的影响。结果表明,骆驼蓬在NaCl浓度小于200 mmol/L,骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬小于100 mmol/L时促进根系和地上部干重的增加,超过相应浓度时,幼苗生物量明显下降。3种植物根系和叶片的Na 和Cl-含量随NaCl浓度升高而增加,NO3-含量及K /Na 比则下降,K 对Na 的选择性吸收和运输SK,Na增大,但多裂骆驼蓬叶片的离子运输SK,Na则降低,Ca2 、Mg2 含量有升有降。无机离子占总计算渗透势(COP)的68.37%~83.82%,但随NaCl浓度增大而降低;可溶性糖和氨基酸含量随NaCl浓度增大明显增加,有机酸和脯氨酸变化不明显。有机物质约占COP的16.18%~31.63%,且随NaCl浓度提高而增大。骆驼蓬、骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬的渗透调节能力随NaCl浓度增加而增强,其中叶片的渗透调节能力大于根系,渗透调节能力骆驼蓬>骆驼蒿>多裂骆驼蓬,表明骆驼蓬比骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬具有更强适应盐渍生境的能力。     

新疆杨对盐分离子吸收选择性和运输选择性的研究

本文研究两组同龄新疆杨(Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis)(一组土壤含盐量较低,树木长势良好,另一组土壤盐分高,树木长势差)对盐分离子的吸收选择性系数和从根至边材,从边材至叶的运输选择性系数,结合盐分离子在树体各部位的分布状况,探讨新疆杨对长期盐胁迫的生理反应。主要结论为:盐胁迫下新疆杨通过选择性吸收K+,抑制过多Na+进入根系,新疆杨对盐分离子的运输选择性主要体现在根向边材的运输中,新疆杨根系对Na+具有较强的截留作用,对Cl-和SO42-也有一定截留作用。     

苹果树体磷素动态规律与施肥管理

以"富士"苹果树为试材,对果树体生物量和各器官及其皮层、木质部的磷含量和累积动态进行了研究,以期探讨果树磷素吸收、转运和分配规律.结果表明,3月26日至9月21日,树体生物量呈直线增加,果实采收后,生长缓慢,7月30日后,根系快速生长,植株、地上部及根系中磷累积迅速增加;枝、干和根系皮层内磷含量与累积7月30日最低,休眠期最高,皮层磷含量枝＞干＞根系;而木质部磷含量与累积4月30日达最低,木质部磷含量根系＞枝＞干;一年内,果树吸磷总量为28.72 kg/hm2,果实和叶片共带走磷素7.94 kg/hm2,7月30日至9月21日,吸收磷素18.32 kg/hm2,占吸收总量的63.8%,9月21日至1月15日,吸收磷素10.40 kg/hm2,占36.2%;苹果树(苹果产量48 t/hm2)年推荐施纯磷47.86 kg/hm2,果实收获后秋季基施磷17.33 kg/hm2,果实膨大期前追施磷30.53 kg/hm2.     

混合盐碱胁迫对燕麦幼苗矿质离子吸收和光合特性的影响

为探讨燕麦新品种定莜6号在低、高浓度盐碱胁迫下的生理响应机制,采用盆栽试验研究了25 mmol·L-1和75 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫对幼苗生长、矿质离子吸收和光合特性的影响。结果表明,25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫10 d并未引起燕麦幼苗干重的明显改变,但75 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫显著降低了幼苗干重。25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫下,燕麦根系和地上部K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+和Mg2+/Na+显著降低,根系选择吸收K+、Ca2+、Mg2+及由根系向地上部运输K+、Ca2+的能力明显增强,但由根系向地上部运输Mg2+的能力下降,从而使地上部K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+高于根系,而Mg2+/Na+低于根系;75 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫下的上述变化大于25 mmol·L-1。25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫使燕麦幼苗叶片总叶绿素含量下降,叶绿素a/b和类胡萝卜素含量提高,而净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔限制值(Ls)变化不大;与25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫相比,75 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫下燕麦叶片总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ls明显下降,Ci显著提高,而叶绿素a/b无明显差异。25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫下,燕麦幼苗叶片最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)明显下降,保护性热耗散(ΦNPQ)显著提高,而初始荧光(Fo)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(q L)、非调节性能量耗散(ΦNO)、光系统I和光系统II之间激发能分配的不平衡性(β/α-1)和叶绿体Hill反应活性无显著变化;与25 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫相比,75 mmol·L-1混合盐碱胁迫下Fo、ΦNO、β/α-1显著提高,Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、q L、NPQ、ΦNPQ和叶绿体Hill反应活性明显下降。上述结果表明调控矿质离子吸收和运输以保持地上部K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+高于根系是燕麦适应盐碱的重要机制,高浓度盐碱胁迫造成PSⅡ反应中心受损是燕麦Pn降低的主要因素,而过剩光能耗散是保护光合机构的重要途径。     

羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)营养器官解剖结构及其生态适应性特征

通过对荒漠环境中羽毛针禾营养器官解剖结构的研究,结果表明:营养器官的抗旱和防风固沙结构特征明显,主要表现在根系发达,其3～4层外皮层细胞壁明显加厚,变为厚壁细胞,靠近内皮层的薄壁细胞间有大的细胞间隙,原生木质部束数多(25原),导管和筛管多,根毛发达;不定根发生能力强;茎由多层叶鞘包裹起来,维管束丰富;叶表皮细胞外切向壁增厚,上表皮有发达的表皮毛,大型泡状细胞3～8个,维管束鞘细胞体积大,有明显的叶绿体。揭示了羽毛针禾具有典型C4植物叶的结构特征,丰富和补充了C4植物。     

镰刀菌酸在尖孢镰刀菌侵染过程中的产生规律及运输过程探究

 镰刀菌酸(FSA)是尖孢镰刀菌产生的主要毒素之一,对病害的发展起到主导作用,但是其产生及运输机制尚不清楚,明确镰刀菌酸在寄主体内的产生过程及运输方式对防控作物枯萎病的发生具有重要的理论意义。本研究以黄瓜品种津春4号和尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型菌 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 为试材,进行温室营养液培养试验,对不同侵染时期植株体内的病原菌及镰刀菌酸进行定量分析,结合韧皮部烫伤及分根根盒装置,探究镰刀菌酸的运输及分配机制。结果表明,病原菌的侵染首先从根尖或者侧根原基侵入根系,随后侵入维管组织并局限在木质部导管中,快速大量繁殖并开始产生毒素镰刀菌酸,镰刀菌酸主要通过木质部运输到叶片,发病期(11 dpi)叶片中镰刀菌酸含量是根系中镰刀菌酸含量的10倍。病原菌主要借助镰刀菌酸加速植物萎蔫死亡,并且镰刀菌酸含量与病原菌数量的相关性关系呈显著正相关。本研究进一步明确了病原菌侵染与镰刀菌酸产生的关系,病原菌在根系定殖成功后快速繁殖进入潜育期,随后产生毒素镰刀菌酸,并通过木质部运往地上部,促进叶片萎蔫,加速病原菌进入腐生阶段。在实际生产中我们可以在病害发生前期,未产生大量镰刀菌酸之前加强田间管理,以抑制或减轻枯萎病的发生。     

稀土对一些植物苗期抗旱性影响的探讨

通过盆栽试验研究了植物抗旱性有关的指标和施用稀微肥间关系。用０．０５％稀土微肥浸种及苗期喷施１０ｄ，分别测定根系活力，叶片失水能力，萎焉后吸收空气中水分能力与根系超弱发光。结果表明：除春小麦和蚕豆外，冬小麦，玉米，甜菜，豌豆，辣椒，紫花苜蓿等均因施用稀土而提高根系活力，延缓叶片失水能力，这些可能是稀土促进抗旱的原因。     

植物水通道蛋白结构与功能及其识别与转导水稻黄单胞菌Hpa1信号的机制

 植物水通道蛋白PIP不仅担负细胞间或细胞内外水分子输导的基本功能,还参与植物-微生物互作与植物防卫反应,这种双重功能的调控机制目前还不清楚。水稻OsPIP1;2和拟南芥AtPIP1;4可以与水稻黄单胞III型泌出蛋白Hpa1互作,Hpa1定位于植物细胞的质外体,诱导过氧化氢在质外体产生及向原生质转运,进而影响植物防卫反应与对病原细菌的抗性。根据植物水通道蛋白拓扑结构与病原细菌Ⅲ型分泌系统工作模型,水稻OsPIP1;2与Hpa1互作的功能域是互作发生的分子基础。互作引发信号转导,调控过氧化氢信号从植物细胞的质外体向原生质转运与植物防卫反应。由于Hpa1对Ⅲ效应蛋白来说具有转位子的功能特征,OsPIP1;2-Hpa1还可能对水稻黄单胞菌Ⅲ型效应蛋白从细菌细胞向植物细胞转运发生调控作用。围绕这些设想进行研究,可以深入阐释水稻-黄单胞菌互作机制,同时为植物水通道蛋白功能调控提供新的见解。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.