IL-2和绵羊梅迪-维斯纳病病毒核心蛋白Gag核酸疫苗联合免疫小鼠的免疫应答

构建绵羊梅迪-维斯纳病病毒（MVV）核心蛋白Gag核酸疫苗并与IL．2联合免疫小鼠，为评价其诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答。将MVVgag基因与羊IL-2基因分别插入到核酸疫苗载体质粒pcDNA5．0中，构建真核表达质粒pcDNA5．0-Gag和pcDNA5.0-IL-2，并经酶切以及测序鉴定。分别用阳性质粒pcDNA5．0-Gag、空载体pcDNA5．0及pcDNA5．0-Gag和pcDNA5．0-IL-2共免疫BALB／C小鼠，采用ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体以及IFN-γ和IL-4水平，用MTT比色法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖。结果表明pcDNA5．0-IL-2联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体效价和IFN-γ、IL-4水平高于pcDNA5．0-Gag免疫组，与空载体pcDNA5．0对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0．01）。且pcDNA5．0-Gag单独免疫组及与IL-2联合免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的刺激指数均高于空载体pcDNA5．0对照组。因此，构建真核表达质粒pcDNA5．0-Gag和pcDNA5．0-IL-2，用其联合免疫BALB／C小鼠所诱导的免疫反应以特异性细胞免疫应答为主，同时可产生体液免疫，且IL-2发挥了免疫佐剂的作用，为进一步将其用于MVV的防治奠定了基础。     

The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 on the porcine immune response to a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine

The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) as an immune enhancing agent was evaluated in pigs vaccinated with a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine (SV). Two groups of three pigs received two 25 micrograms doses of SV given 3 weeks apart. One group received 10(5) kg-1 day-1 of rIL-2 subcutaneously over two 5-day periods beginning on the day of the first and second vaccine inoculation. Six other pigs were immunized with two 5 micrograms doses of SV. Three of these pigs were treated as above with rIL-2. The effect of treatment was evaluated by comparing: the humoral response; the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response as measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis before and after virus challenge; and the weight response and virus excretion pattern after challenge with virulent pseudorabies virus (PRV). The humoral antibody response as detected by the serum virus neutralization (SN) assay and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was consistently higher in rIL-2 treated pigs than in non-treated pigs. These differences were significant (P less than 0.05) among high vaccine dose pigs prior to virus challenge when measured by the SN assay and during the anamnestic response period between days 3 and 10 after challenge when measured by both the SN assay and the ELISA. No differences were detected between treatment groups in the weight response, virus excretion pattern or the CMI response. These results suggest that human rIL-2 may have enhanced the immune response of pigs to the subunit vaccine.     

Induction of protective immune response in mice by a DNA vaccine encoding Trypanosoma evansi beta tubulin gene

Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is an economically important veterinary disease of the tropics. Lack of effective drugs or vaccines have made surra a severe economic burden particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, a naked DNA construct encoding full length T. evansi beta (β) tubulin gene was used to immunize mice, to elicit a T. evansi β tubulin protein specific humoral immune response, delineated by ELISA. The serum cytokine profile post immunization, as determined by flow cytometry bead based assay, showed a predominant T helper cell Type 1 (Th1) response with significant increase in levels of IFNγ and TNFα. Lethal challenge with T. evansi blood-form trypomastigotes post immunization generated a β tubulin specific recall response and a stronger Th1 type serum cytokine profile which correlated with an extended survival and better control of parasitemia in the immunized mice.     

皂树皂苷QS21增强猪支原体肺炎活疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠效果评价

为提高猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的滴鼻免疫效果,以猪支原体肺炎(168株)活疫苗为抗原,以QS21为免疫佐剂混合后滴鼻免疫小鼠,ELISA 法检测免疫效果,包括血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中抗原特异性抗体水平,并测定了Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、Th2型细胞因子IL-4和Th17型细胞因子IL-17的分泌情况。结果表明,QS21能激活黏膜和全身性的体液免疫,显著升高血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IgG,IgG1、IgG2a抗体含量,并能提高支气管肺泡灌洗液中黏膜免疫抗体sIgA的含量。QS21还能显著增加支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-4、IFN-γ和IL-17的分泌,激活Th1、Th2和Th17型细胞免疫应答。以上结果表明QS21能全面激活免疫系统,具有开发为猪支原体肺炎活疫苗黏膜免疫佐剂的应用前景。     

A combined bovine herpesvirus 1 gB-gD DNA vaccine induces immune response in mice

Although DNA vaccines have several advantages over conventional vaccines, antibody production and protection are often not adequate, particularly in single plasmid vaccine formulations. Here we assessed the potential for a combined vaccine based on plasmids encoding the membrane-anchored or secreted forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein B and D (gB and gD) to induce neutralizing and cell mediated immune responses in mice. Animals were injected by intramuscular, subcutaneous and intranasal routes. Mice immunized with the combined vaccine containing the secreted forms of BHV-1 glycoproteins developed higher titers of anti-BHV-1 neutralizing antibodies, compared to wild type gB/gD combined plasmids and to single plasmid injected groups. Cellular immunity was also developed in mice immunized with combined vaccines, whereas low or no response were observed in single plasmid injected animals. The data suggest the potential use of this combined vaccine in in vivo trials of calves, in order to evaluate its protective efficacy.     

羊口疮病毒B2L基因DNA疫苗的构建及其诱导的免疫应答

为研究所构建羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L基因DNA疫苗诱导小鼠的免疫应答效果,本研究对pMD18T-B2L质粒进行PCR扩增,克隆B2L片段至pVAX1载体中构建pVAX1-B2L重组质粒,进行酶切和测序鉴定;采用脂质体法将pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒转染MDBK细胞,RT-PCR和IFA法检测B2L基因在MDBK细胞中的转录和表达;将构建的DNA疫苗免疫KM系小鼠,采用间接ELISA、MTT和FACS法对其诱导的免疫应答进行研究。结果显示,成功构建pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒,并在MDBK细胞中表达;免疫小鼠后,DNA疫苗能诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性抗体;脾淋巴细胞增殖、CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群百分比和IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子均高于pVAX1组和PBS组。结果表明,本研究制备的DNA疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生较高水平的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

Porcine colon explants in the study of innate immune response to Entamoeba histolytica

Human amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan is responsible for muco-hemorrhagic diarrhoea and liver abscess in affected populations. E. histolytica can be asymptomatic commensally confined to the intestinal lumen or can result in invasion of the colonic mucosa leading to ulceration and/or liver abscesses. Recently, human colonic explants have been identified as valuable in the study of host-parasite interactions. Here we investigated the potential of porcine colonic explants as an alternative to human tissues which are far less available. Porcine colonic explants were cultured with two strains of E. histolytica, one virulent (HM1:IMSS) and one avirulent (Rahman). Results from histopathological and real-time PCR analysis showed that porcine explants cultured with virulent ameba trophozoites react similarly to their human counterparts with an invasion of the tissue by the trophozoites and the triggering of typical innate immune response against the parasite. On the contrary, explants cultured with avirulent ameba trophozoites were preserved. The study open the way to the use of porcine colonic explants in the study of the complex interactions between the parasite and the host.     

猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗的小鼠免疫保护试验

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中的免疫保护效果,以PCV-2 GXWZ-1株为模板,扩增出ORF2基因及其截短基因8个片段(A(ORF2)、B(51-100aa)、C(101-150aa)、D(181-235aa)、E(151-200aa)、F(51-150aa)、G(101-235aa)、H(51-235aa)),将其插入到pcDNA3.0载体中,构建出真核表达质粒,并将其转染至PK-15细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测其瞬时表达情况。将试验小鼠随机分成9组,其中免疫组7组,阴阳性对照各1组,将纯化的真核表达质粒对小鼠进行组合免疫;二免后,用经处理过的PCV-2 GXWZ-2株阳性病料悬液腹腔注射免疫组和非免疫对照组小鼠,阴性对照组用生理盐水腹腔注射;其后进行体重记录、病理切片制作及PCR检测。结果表明:共有6个真核表达质粒成功在PK-15细胞中表达。在攻毒后的3周内,阳性对照组小鼠PCR诊断均为阳性;免疫组中,部分组小鼠在攻毒后第1周或在第2周为阳性,到第3周时各免疫组小鼠全部为阴性;阴性对照组始终为阴性。免疫组在病理保护学方面明显优于非免疫对照组,非免疫对照组的体重增长速率略低于免疫组和阴性对照组。由此可见猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中有明显的保护作用。     

Regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice

In order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against Swine fever, the Pasteurellosis and Erysipelas suis. Synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing CpG motifs were ligated into pUC18, forming recombinant pUC18-CpG plasmid. Eukaryotic plasmid expressing porcine interleukin-6 (VPIL-6) were also constructed as molecular adjuvants in an attempt to enhance levels of immune responses of mice co-administered with the trivalent vaccines in this paper. The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were systematically analysed, and the experimental results were observed that the number of white blood cells, monocytes, granuloytes and lymphocytes significantly increased, respectively, in the mice immunized with VPIL-6, compared with those of the control; the IgG content and titre of specific antibodies to the trivalent vaccine mounted remarkably in the sera from the VPIL-6 vaccinated mice; the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were significantly increased in the vaccinated groups. The above-mentioned immune responses of mice co-inoculated with pUC18-CpG plasmid were significantly stronger than those of co-inoculated with pUC18 plasmid, suggesting that the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynuleotides CpG is closely connected with the number of CpG motifs. These results suggest that the porcine IL-6 gene and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to elevate immunity to conventional vaccines.     

Promotion of immunity of mice to Pasteurella multocida and hog cholera vaccine by pig interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs

A novel oligodeoxynuleotides containing 11 CpG motifs was synthesized and inserted into the VR1020 plasmid containing pig interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene (VPIL6) to construct recombinant plasmid, VPIL6C. The chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were prepared by ionic cross linkage to entrap the VPIL6C (VPIL6C-CNP), VPIL6 (VPIL6-CNP) and CpG (CpG-CNP). 42-Day old female mice were divided into four groups and intramuscularly injected respectively with 6 pmol VPIL6C-CNP, VPIL6-CNP, CpG-CNP and VR1020-CNP along with the bivalent vaccines against the Pasteurellosis and hog cholera. The blood was weekly collected from mice after vaccination to detect the changes of immunoglobulins, specific antibodies, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and immune cells. 28 days after vaccination, the mice were orally challenged with virulent Pasteurella multocida. The results showed that in comparison with those of the control VR1020 group, the content of immunoglobulins, specific antibodies and interleukins significantly increased in the sera from the treated two groups (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the number of lymphocytes and monocytes also remarkably elevated in the treated groups (P<0.05). The immune responses of VPIL6C mice were notably stronger than those of VPIL6 and CpG group. The challenge results proved that the overall immunity was further promoted in the treated mice which resisted the challenge infection; while the control mice manifested evident symptoms and lesions, and died of infection. These suggested that VPIL6C-CNP could better promote the immunity and resistance of mice against Pasteurellosis than VPIL6-CNP and CpG-CNP, and facilitate the development of effective adjuvant to enhance the immunity of animal against infection.     

犬GM-CSF基因对犬细小病毒VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用

犬细小病毒编码的VP2蛋白是该病毒重要的结构蛋白和抗原蛋白.利用VP2基因制备的DNA疫苗能够刺激机体产生免疫应答反应.为进一步提高VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫活性,本实验利用犬粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因作为生物佐剂研究其对犬细小病毒VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫增强作用.首先通过RT-PCR方法从犬淋巴细胞中扩增GM-CSF基因,并将其插入到pcDNA3.1栽体上,分别构建该基因的两个分泌型真核表达载体,即非融合表达载体pcDNA-cGMCSF和与Myc His融合的表达栽体pcDNA-cGMCSF/MH.用pcDNA-cGMCSF/MH载体转染HEK293T细胞以确定GM-CSF基因能否在真核细胞中进行分泌表达.然后用本室构建的VP2基因表达栽体单免疫小鼠,用VP2表达载体与pcDNA-cGMCSF共免疫小鼠(pcDNA3.1空载体作为阴性对照).免疫后用ELISA方法检测不同时间小鼠血清的抗体水平.用MTT法检测小鼠免疫后35 d时淋巴细胞的增殖活性,同时用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠淋巴细胞γ干扰素的表达水平.结果表明,本试验构建的表达载体能够介导重组GM-CSF在真核细胞中进行分泌表达.免疫实验表明,利用GM-CSF基因与VP2基因共免疫小鼠,抗体的水平明显高于VP2基因单免疫组(P＜0.01).共免疫组小鼠淋巴细胞的刺激指数和γ干扰素的表达水平均明显高于单免疫组(P＜0.05).由此可见,GM-CSF表达载体可明显提高CPV VP2 DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平.     

Intranasal delivery of nanoparticles encapsulating BPI3V proteins induces an early humoral immune response in mice

Vaccine adjuvants are typically designed to stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Polymeric nanoparticles have been used as adjuvants in the development of vaccines against a number of viral pathogens and tested in laboratory animals. The objective of the study was to assess if synthetic bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (BPI3V) peptide motifs and solubilised BPI3V proteins encapsulated in poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) induce specific humoral immune responses in a mouse model following intranasal administration. BPI3V-specific and peptide specific IgG ELISAs were used to measure serum IgG levels to BPI3V. Intranasal delivery of PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating BPI3V proteins elicited an early, gradually increasing BPI3V-specific IgG response that persisted over the subsequent 6 weeks, suggesting slow, persistent release of antigen. PLGA-BPI3V particles administered intranasally induced a stronger IgG antibody response at an earlier time point compared with solubilised BPI3V antigen alone. Such an approach could be deployed in the development of new generation vaccines.     

PEG对嗜水气单胞菌疫苗制备与免疫效果影响的研究

为评价聚乙二醇(PEG)作为超声介质及疫苗佐剂对嗜水气单胞菌疫苗免疫效果的影响,本研究将该疫苗与常规疫苗分别经腹腔注射免疫接种锦鲤成鱼,检测血细胞吞噬百分率、吞噬指数、抗菌活力、抗体效价及免疫保护力等指标,评价疫苗效果.结果表明PEG6000作为佐剂制备的疫苗,其各指标均高于对照组及其他试验组.PEG6000疫苗免疫保护力达到77.8％,高于常规灭活疫苗22.2％,表明PEG6000作为佐剂制备的疫苗效果最好.     

表达PRRSV E基因重组质粒在小鼠诱导的体液免疫应答

利用 PCR技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 (PRRSV) BJ- 4株的 E基因进行修饰和改造 ,在 E基因上游加入 Kozak序列 ,扩增并克隆 E基因。将 E基因 c DNA亚克隆至真核表达载体 pc DNA3.1( )中 ,构建了真核重组表达质粒 pc DNA- E。用pc DNA- E免疫小鼠 ,经免疫荧光抗体试验检测结果表明 ,重组质粒 pc DNA- E经 3次免疫后 ,所有小鼠血清抗体均为阳性 ,说明pc DNA- E在小鼠体内可诱导特异性的体液免疫应答反应。     

甲硝唑对鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫作用影响的观察

选1日龄雏鸡,肌肉注射火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)冻干疫苗,随机分为4组,每组20只.1组和2组鸡免疫同时分别应用10、100毫克/千克体重·天甲硝唑,3组免疫同时应用10毫克/千克体重·天左旋咪唑,连用3天,4组为空白对照组.采集外周血淋巴细胞和血清,应用淋巴细胞转化试验和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定T淋巴细胞转化和抗HVT抗体滴度.结果表明,10和100毫克/千克体重·天甲硝唑用药鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和鸡血清抗HVT抗体滴度均比空白对照组明显升高;10毫克/千克体重·天左旋咪唑用药后也具有类似作用.     

犬恶丝虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶真核表达质粒的构建及初步免疫试验

为评价犬恶丝虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(TPx)真核表达质粒的免疫原性,本实验利用RT-PCR方法扩增TPx基因,将其克隆于真核表达载体pVAX1中构建重组质粒pVAX1-TPx,并对其进行体外表达鉴定及通过特异性抗体水平及相关的免疫因子的检测,评价其在体内诱导的免疫反应.实验结果表明,将pVAX1-TPx转染于Cos7细胞中能够正确表达TPx,其分子量约为28 ku,并被阳性血清所识别.将pVAX1-TPx免疫BALB/c小鼠并采用ELISA检测结果显示,重组质粒免疫组的外周血中抗体、Th2细胞分泌的IL4及IL13细胞因子水平均显著高于空质粒及空白对照组(p＜0.05);但Th1分泌的IFN-γ及IL2水平差异不显著.此外,淋巴细胞增殖试验结果也表明,pVAX1-TPx免疫组显著高于其他两个对照组(p＜0.05).实验数据表明pVAX1-TPx免疫可以有效诱导特异性的体液和细胞免疫.     

蜂胶对猪细小病毒灭活疫苗佐剂作用的试验

68只豚鼠随机均分为4组,1³组分别免疫蜂胶、铝胶和油佐剂PPV疫苗,第4组为空白对照组,注射等量生理盐水。免疫后不同时间点采集血清分析特异性血凝抑制抗体效价评价蜂胶佐剂对免疫豚鼠体液免疫的影响,测定淋巴细胞增殖、IL-2和IL-4含量评价蜂胶佐剂对免疫豚鼠细胞免疫的影响。结果表明,蜂胶、油佐剂和铝胶3种佐剂均能提高豚鼠对PPV灭活疫苗的免疫应答能力,油佐剂提高血清HI抗体效果较好,其次为蜂胶佐剂,再次为铝胶佐剂。蜂胶佐剂促进T淋巴细胞增殖和提高IL-2、IL-4、IL-6和IFN-γ含量效果优于油佐剂和铝胶佐剂。结论:蜂胶能增强PPV灭活疫苗的免疫效果。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪瘟疫苗体液免疫应答的影响

采用ELISA方法对单独接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV组,n=3)、PCV2感染且出现病毒血症后接种猪瘟疫苗组(PCV2/CSFV组,n=3)及PCV2感染同时接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV/PCV2组,n=3)不同时相血清中的猪瘟抗体进行检测;并对PCV2感染对照组(PCV2组)及PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组血清中PCV2特异的抗体和核酸分别进行ELISA和PCR检测.结果表明,在接种后52 d CSFV组血清中抗体的阻断值显著高于CSFV/PCV2组(P<0.05);接种后42 d和52 d CSFV组平均抗体效价明显高于PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组,其中在52 d CSFV组抗体阳性率这100%(3/3)而PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2在相应时相抗体阳性率仅为67%(2/3).结果提示PCV2感染可在一定程度上抑制猪瘟疫苗特异性的抗体反应.