Zur Biologie der Ebereschenmotte (Argyresthia conjugella Zell.)

Zusammenfassung Ein verstärktes Auftreten vonA. conjugella in Hessen war der Anlaß, sich erneut mit diesem Schädling zu befassen. Die Biologie an Eberesche und an Apfel wird dargestellt. Die Schadbilder an den Frü chten werden beschrieben und über sortenbedingte Unterschiede bei der Anfälligkeit der Äpfel berichtet.Wie Käfigversuche ergeben, kannA. conjugella ohne weiteres auf Apfel überwechseln und an dieser Wirtspflanze ihre Entwicklung ohne wesentliche Störungen beenden. Die möglichen Ursachen für das Überwechseln der Motte auf Apfel werden diskutiert. Einige Parasiten vonA. conjugella werden genannt.Die Arbeiten wurden im Jahre 1958 mit Unterstüßung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt. Dem Verfasser standen außerdienstlilch die Einrichtungen des Pflazenschußamtes Frankfurt a. M. für die Untersuchungen zur Verfügung. Beiden Stellen sei auch hier für Ihre Hilfe gedankt.     

Comparaison de deux methodes ?estimation de ľinfection dejeunespeupliersparleMarssoninabrunnea(Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn.

Comparison of two methods for evaluating infection of young poplar leaves by Marssonina brunnea . Two methods for evaluating foliar infection by Marssonina brunnea have been compared on 783 twigs. They appear to be correlated. Distribution in infection classes can be coded and this allows a prediction of the number of spots per square centimeter. Application of the code to two other experiments is discussed.     

Le Linospora ceuthocarpa (Fr.) Munk ex Morelet,parasite foliaire des peupliers

Linospora ceuthocarpa (Fr.) Munk ex Morelet, a parasite of poplar leaves. Linospora ceuthocarpa (Fr.) Munk ex Morelet and its conidial stage Titaeosporina tremulae (Lib.) v. Luyk are experimentally connected and described. The life history of the disease on poplar leaves is studied.     

水翁、海南蒲桃、蒲桃、洋蒲桃

水翁(水泱)桃金娘科常绿乔木,高10~16m。枝下高2~4m,树皮厚,灰褐色,嫩枝压扁或近四棱形;树冠圆形。叶对生,薄革质,长圆形至椭圆形,长8~12cm,宽4~8cm,     

Effect of gamma-irradiated entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema carpocapsae (Fil.) on the larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.)

The effect of gamma irradiation on the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematodeSteinernema carposapsae was studied by infecting the larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella. Full grown larvae of the host were gamma-irradiated with different doses ranged from 2.5 to 160 Gray (Gy) and subsequently infected with either unirradiated or irradiated infective juveniles (IJs) ofS. carpocapsae using the same doses. For comparison, two groups of unirradiated and irradiated host larvae were left without nematode infection. Another group of larval host was also infected with nematodes either unexposed or exposed to the previous doses.The results revealed that there was a rapid mortality in the irradiated host infected with either unexposed nematodes or nematodes irradiated with different doses similar to the mortality in the nematode treatment alone. On the other hand, the pathogenicity of the nematodes was affected as a result of gamma irradiation with high doses, i. e. irradiation of nematodes delayed their efficiencyvis à vis the unirradiated host. However, lower doses of gamma irradiation exhibited worthily stimulating effect on the pathogenic nematodes, one week post irradiation, as it reduced by half the period of time required for killing all irradiated host larvae with regard to nematode treatment alone. Furthermore, nematode treatment whether applied alone or combined with gamma irradiation appears very promising as compared with single irradiation treatment of the host.With 3 tables     

Influence de la mycorhization et de la fertilisation sur le comportement de jeunes plants d'érable sycomore (Acer pseudoplatanus Link.)

Influence of mycorrhizae and fertilization on Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings . A greenhouse experi-ment compared growth and mineral nutrition of Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings on two soils with different fertilizations and with different endomycorrhization treatments. A strain of Glomus mosseae and a mycorrhizal complex from an A. pseudoplatanus stand prove to be much more growth efficient than the natural inoculum of the soils, mainly by improving phosphorus nutrition. These effects are additive to those of fertilization. This last result suggests that controlled mycorrhization can be of great practical interest even on rich soils.     

Infections artificielles de jeunes plants ?Hevea brasiliensis par Rigidoporus lignosus (Kl.) Imaz. et Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn.1

Inoculations of young plants of Hevea brasiliensis by Rigidoporus lignosus (Kl.) Imaz. and Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn. Inoculations of young Rubber plants by two root rotting fungi, Rigidoporuslignosus and Phellinus noxius were performed under greenhouse conditions. For each parasite, parameters such as method of inoculation and level of soil moisture, were investigate. The results are discussed in relation to the fungal biology.     

梁山慈竹播种育苗技术

通过对梁山慈竹种子贮藏时间、播种覆盖方式及实生苗移植时间、合理密度的研究,其结果表明,采种后在自然条件下贮藏10 d是比较理想的贮藏期(即5月下旬至6月上旬播种);遮阴是获得较多和较好幼苗的关键技术措施,用地膜+遮阴网覆盖的方法,是理想的覆盖方法;梁山慈竹幼苗移植应在8月20日前进行;苗圃生产中以采用30cm×35cm的移植密度较好.     

杨梅不同部位单宁含量与结构研究

对杨梅的叶、枝和树皮的总酚含量与可溶缩合单宁含量进行了测定,并利用基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)详细研究了不同部位中缩合单宁的类型、聚合度及聚合物的分布情况。结果表明:树皮的总酚含量最高(43.56%),叶次之(34.69%),枝最低(18.53%);树叶的可溶缩合单宁含量最高(25.67%),皮次之(17.93%),枝最低(8.01%);3组分的缩合单宁都以(表)棓儿茶素-3-O-棓酸酯(EGCG/GCG)为基本结构单元的原翠雀定,且大部分聚合物的结构单元之间存在A型和B型两种连接方式,但其中叶和枝缩合单宁的聚合度要大于树皮。     

南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究

2003~2004年应用2年生南方红豆杉幼苗进行扦插试验研究,结果表明:不同时间扦插的插穗生根时间最多相差2个月,2月中旬至3月中旬为最适宜扦插季节,扦插后3~5个月的生根率高于其它月份。用河沙与红泥作基质扦插,在不同季节扦插中以河沙作基质的生根效果比红泥的好。用生根剂处理有利于插穗提早生根及增加生根数量,以冬季及早春应用的效果较为明显,应用生根剂的插穗在扦插3~5个月后的生根率和生根数量与对照比有显著差异。不同类型插穗的扦插生根率在不同月份扦插的结果不同,但其差异不显著。     

Accumulation de polluants organiques (H.P.A.) dans les horizons humifères des sols

Accumulations of organic pollutants (PAH) in organic layers of soils.—Possible relation with forest decline . Analysis of the upper levels of the organic layers of forest soils demonstrate a new kind of bioaccumulation leading to high level of contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P.A.H.).     

Effects of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit on growth and development of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel.

Field studies carried out in a forest transition site on a tropical Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria, show that shading by gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) hedgerow species reduced density of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel) by 67% and 51%, respectively. Shoot biomass of speargrass decreased by 81% and 78% in gliricidia and leucaena hedgerows, respectively. Reduction in speargrass rhizome biomass in gliricidia plots was 96% while rhizome reduction in the leucaena plots was nearly 90%. Rhizome mortality was significantly higher in gliricidia plots than in leucaena and control plots. The bulk of rhizomes was found between 10 cm and 20 cm of soil depth but rhizome did not penetrate further than 30 cm depth in the Alfisol in which this study was carried out. Gliricidia was better than leucaena hedgerow species in suppressing speargrass.     

应用等位酶多态性进行梅花品种鉴别

分析了８９个梅花品种的过氧化物酶同工酶与天冬氨酸转同工酶共３个位点上的８个等位基因的变异。这３个多态位点对梅花品种的鉴定效率因品种所属类型的不同 有差异。基于等痊基因的出现频率进行了品种类型排序，对品种类型之间的亲缘与演关系进行了讨论。     

无梗五加果多糖与黄酮类化合物的研究

采用薄层色谱法对树脂纯化后的无梗五加果总黄酮进行了研究,表明以聚酰胺为固定相、微乳液为展开剂进行薄层层析鉴定效果最好,共分得9个组分.各种层析条件下的Rf值分析表明,无梗五加果中含药用成分金丝桃苷,未发现芦丁和槲皮素.采用HPLC法对经脱色、脱蛋白、DEAE52纤维素柱层析得到的主要多糖组分ASP-Ⅰ、ASP-Ⅱ进行单糖组成和纯度、相对分子质量(Mr)测定,表明无梗五加果多糖单糖组成为甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖及岩藻糖,主要由Mr为21 800、147 000、45 400和18 100的4种均一多糖组成;其中,均一多糖ASP-Ⅰ由半乳糖和鼠李糖组成,物质的量之比为1∶0.7,Mr为18 100.对水提醇沉后得到的无梗五加果多糖进行生物活性研究表明,其具有抗疲劳和耐缺氧的能力.     

Etude épidemiologique du Marssonina brunnea (Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn

The epidemiology of Marssonina brunnea (Ell. et Ev.) P. Magn., a leaf parasite of cultivated poplars . The relationship between outbreaks of the disease and ripening of ascospores and release of conidia in spring was studied in 1972 and 1973 in the north (Lille) and the east (Nancy) of France. During the growing season, the numbers of spores released by water splash during rainfall and also spores present in the air were systematically recorded. The various records and observations were related to climatic conditions.