Marc-145细胞PKR基因遗传分析与表达

旨在克隆Marc-145细胞蛋白激酶R(PKR)基因,对其进行遗传特性及表达研究。利用RT-PCR克隆获得Marc-145细胞PKR基因,并对其核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性与遗传进化分析;将该基因分别插入pEGFP-C1与pEGFP-N1多克隆位点,构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)融合真核重组质粒,转染HEK293细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察、Western blot检测EGFP标签,开展PKR融合表达研究。结果显示,成功克隆获得Marc-145细胞PKR基因,编码区为1 653 bp,推导编码550个氨基酸,与选取的灵长类及哺乳动物参考物种PKR基因核苷酸序列同源性在72.2%～99.8%之间,氨基酸序列同源性在55.4%～99.5%之间,与豚鼠及其供体物种非洲绿猴(Cercopithecus aethiops)同源性分别为最低、最高;成功构建了EGFP-PKR融合质粒,但荧光蛋白观察及Western blot检测表明,仅C端融合质粒成功表达。结果表明,成功克隆了Marc-145细胞PKR基因并进行了融合表达,为进一步开展猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在感染细胞与细胞内...     

猪核糖核酸酶L基因真核表达载体的构建与表达

为了研究猪核糖核酸酶L(sRNase L)的抗病毒能力,利用pXJ41载体构建猪RNase L基因真核表达载体pXJ41-sRNase L,采用poly(I∶C)转染PK-15细胞刺激诱导sRNase L基因转录mRNA;根据Gen Bank上sRNase L基因编码区序列设计引物并加入真核表达增强序列Kozak序列,通过RT-PCR扩增sRNase L编码基因序列,并将其克隆至真核表达载体pXJ41,通过双酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒;将重组表达载体pXJ41-sRNase L转染Marc-145细胞,Western blot检测sRNase L在Marc-145细胞中表达。结果显示:成功扩增得到sRNase L基因全长;成功克隆至真核表达载体pXJ41并能够在Marc-145细胞中成功表达。结果表明:成功构建了真核表达载体pXJ41-sRNase L并在Marc-145细胞中实现了sRNase L的表达,为进一步研究sRNase L在猪体内先天性免疫中抗病毒能力及其机制提供了条件。     

鸡Dazl基因的克隆及其亚细胞定位研究

为克隆鸡Dazl(Deleted in azoospermia-like,Dazl)基因CDS序列,通过构建eGFP标记的DAZL真核表达载体,实现该基因产物的亚细胞定位以探究其生物信息学功能.提取1日龄鸡睾丸总RNA,通过巢式PCR方法扩增出Dazl基因的CDS,构建真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-DAZL.采用LipofectaminTMLTX介导重组表达载体pEGFP-C1-DAZL转染CEF细胞,48 h后于荧光倒置显微镜下观察其表达定位,同时利用RT-PCR和Western-blot进一步鉴定eGFP-Dazl和蛋白水平的表达情况.结果表明:克隆出Dazl基因的完整CDS,长度870 bp,共编码289个氨基酸,与公布的鸡Dazl基因(GenBank登陆号:NM_204218)CDS区同源性达99％,编码氨基酸完全一致.酶切鉴定和序列分析均表明真核表达载体pEGFP-C1-DAZL构建成功.转染48 h后,RT-PCR和Western-blot分别检测到949 bp特异条带和59.7 ku的融合蛋白.荧光显微镜观察显示,融合蛋白(eGFP-Dazl)主要分布于细胞核.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒欧洲型FJ0602株的分离及其ORF7的序列分析

应用Marc-145细胞从福建某猪场疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）病死猪脾脏和淋巴结中分离到一株病毒。该分离毒经Marc-145细胞6次传代后出现稳定的细胞病变（CPE）,为10^5.25TCID50/mL;间接免疫荧光试验表明,感染分离毒的CPE细胞仅与抗PRRSV单克隆抗体反应并出现特异性的胞浆荧光;致病性试验表明试验猪接种分离毒后14d内都表现为体温正常、生长良好,没有出现PRRS的发病症状;序列测定表明分离毒的ORF7基因与LV、AMERVAC、B13、Ningb042株的核苷酸同源性分别为96．64％、98．45％、95．09％、98．45％,氨基酸同源性分别为98．44％、99．22％、95．31％、99．22％,与VR2332、CH-1a株的ORF7基因差异较大,核苷酸同源性为58．84％、60．45％,氨基酸同源性为55．30％、56．82％,该分离毒与LV、AMERVAC、B13、Ningbo42株在基因型上同属于欧洲型毒株,命名为PRRSV-FJ0602。本研究首次证实欧洲型PRRSV在福建省存在。     

猪CD4分子的全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

CD4分子为动物辅助性T细胞（TH）和部分胸腺细胞的共受体与信号传导分子，参与TCR介导的TH细胞活化和胸腺细胞分化过程。本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术从猪胸腺细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD4全长cDNA序列，并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明，在猪胸腺细胞和外周血淋巴细胞中存在2种方式剪接的CD4 mRNA转录本，其中一种mRNA转录本缺失编码40个氨基酸残基的120nt序列，提示该转录本可能编码猪分泌型CD4分子；猪CD4全长cDNA序列为2715nt。其中5′非编码区159nt，3′非编码区1183nt，1374nt的开放阅读框编码457个氨基酸的猪CD4前体蛋白（含4个糖基化住点）；猪CD4分子的7个Cys残基（Cys^43、Cys^122、Cys^327、Cys^418、Cys^421、Cys^444和Cys^446）和2个Ser残基（Ser^432和Ser^439）在动物种间保守；在猪CD4分子胞浆区．存在高度保守的Src家族蛋白酪氨酸激酶p56^kk。识别位点KKTCQC和内化相关双亮氨酸基序。推导氨基酸序列分析结果显示，猪与人、免、猫、狗和鼠CD4蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为56．0％，54．5％。56．9％，56．5％和44．9％。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SDZP P126株GP2基因序列分析及其对病毒增殖的影响

旨在研究1株连续传代的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) SDZP P126 GP2基因的变异情况,以及GP2对病毒增殖的影响。构建GP2基因全长真核载体pEGFP-N1-GP2,利用生物学软件对GP2基因进行核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分析,并将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-GP2转染到Marc-145细胞上,接毒后检测对病毒增殖的影响。通过GP2基因核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分析,发现9个碱基的突变,这9个碱基的突变导致了5个氨基酸的突变。其中氨基酸序列中的第10位由亮氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸,这一突变在多株致弱毒株中存在,在Marc-145细胞转染重组质粒pEGFP-N1-GP2对病毒的增殖无显著影响。初步推断SDZP P126 GP2基因的突变对病毒在Marc-145细胞上增殖没有影响。     

猪MOV10基因克隆表达及其对PRRSV增殖的影响

为了研究猪MOV10基因功能及其在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)感染过程中的作用,试验成功克隆出猪MOV10基因并进行序列比对,在细胞水平上过表达猪MOV10基因并检测其在细胞中的表达和定位,通过双荧光报告系统检测试剂盒和实时荧光定量PCR检测猪MOV10基因诱导Ⅰ型干扰素的表达,以及Western-blot和空斑试验检测MOV10基因对PRRSV增殖的影响。结果表明:猪MOV10基因氨基酸序列与人MOV10基因的同源性为92.1%,猪MOV10基因能在细胞中表达,且为胞浆定位蛋白; PK-15细胞过表达猪MOV10基因可诱导IFN-β的表达,Marc-145细胞过表达猪MOV10基因可显著抑制PRRSV的增殖。说明猪的免疫系统与人的相似度较高,有可能成为研究人类免疫更好的动物模型,MOV10基因可抑制PRRSV的增殖,也为PRRSV防治药物的开发提供了新药物靶标。     

山羊c-Myc基因的克隆及序列分析

为了克隆出山羊c-Myc基因的CDS区序列,本研究利用RT-PCR技术,参照GenBank报道的绵羊、牛、猪、马等的c-Myc基因CDS区序列设计出特异性引物,从山羊胚胎皮肤组织中扩增出山羊c-Myc CDS区序列并进行序列分析。结果表明,山羊c-Myc基因CDS区全长1320 bp （包括终止密码子）,与绵羊c-Myc基因核苷酸序列（GenBank登录号：Z68501.1）比对仅有10处存在差异,其核苷酸序列同源性为99.17%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为99.09%;与其他物种进行同源性分析结果显示,山羊c-Myc基因CDS区与猪、狼、人、大鼠、小鼠的核苷酸序列同源性分别为91.2%、92.0%、90.2%、86.9%、86.0%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为93.6%、96.1%、92.3%、91.1%、89.6%;生物信息学软件分析结果表明,山羊c-Myc蛋白产物定位于细胞核并含有HLH结构域。本研究为进一步了解c-Myc基因的功能及探讨其在山羊体细胞重编程过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

狂犬病毒Flury株糖蛋白cDNA克隆与序列分析

根据狂犬病毒糖蛋白核苷酸序列,利用Oliga软件设计两对特异性引物,通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）扩增了狂犬病毒Flury-lep糖蛋白的全长cDNA,将其插入克隆载体pMD-18T并测序。测序结果及同源性分析表明,糖蛋白cDNA长1574bp,编码524个氨基酸。狂犬病毒株Flury-lep的RGP基因序列与GenBank公布的狂犬病毒株RGP基因片段核苷酸序列的同源性为82．3％～96．3％,其编码产物的氨基酸序列同源性为88．4％～94．3％。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SDZP P126株GP2基因序列分析及其对病毒增殖的影响

旨在研究1株连续传代的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) SDZP P126 GP2基因的变异情况,以及GP2对病毒增殖的影响。构建GP2基因全长真核载体pEGFP-N1-GP2,利用生物学软件对GP2基因进行核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分析,并将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-GP2转染到Marc-145细胞上,接毒后检测对病毒增殖的影响。通过GP2基因核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分析,发现9个碱基的突变,这9个碱基的突变导致了5个氨基酸的突变。其中氨基酸序列中的第10位由亮氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸,这一突变在多株致弱毒株中存在,在Marc-145细胞转染重组质粒pEGFP-N1-GP2对病毒的增殖无显著影响。初步推断SDZP P126 GP2基因的突变对病毒在Marc-145细胞上增殖没有影响。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein