埃及的棉花育种和种子生产

埃及棉花研究所是棉花科研的权威机构，下设以育种为中心的5个研究室和以纤维品质检测及纺纱性能测试为主的4个研究室以及品种资源室（有152个品种）。该所的育种室是棉花育种的主要单位，埃及绝大多数棉花品种由此育成。此外，种性保纯研究室（提纯复壮室）、区试研究室（区试站）、地区研究站以及植保所、植病所等单位在进行研究、试验工作的同时，也协助进行一些育种工作，     

我国棉花产业形势分析与发展策略

我国棉花生产发展多次出现剧烈波动。进入21世纪以来,国内棉花生产发展迅速,消费需求强劲,棉花供求关系由基本平衡转入产不足需,棉花进口成为常态,我国棉花产业安全隐患增多。本文在分析国内棉花生产形势和消费形势的基础上,结合新时期棉花产业发展目标,针对当前制约棉花生产发展的主要因素,提出若干振兴棉花产业发展策略,以期对我国棉花产业健康有序发展有所帮助,推动国家棉花产业安全体系建设。     

加强品种管理建立棉花优势产区促进棉花生产发展

根据当前我国面临的新形势、新问题，为提高农业的国际竞争力和生产水平，农业部制定并实施了《优势农产品区域布局规划》，计划用5a时间，优先培育11种在国内外市场上有较强竞争力的农产品，形成35个具有鲜明特色、世界知名的优势产业带区。新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称兵团)作为其中的棉花优势产业区，坚持基地建设和棉花产业发展相结合的原则，加速棉花新品种的推广，做好品种区域布局，加强良种繁育，完善种子质量检测体系，推进棉种产业健康快速发展，建立棉花优势产业区势在必行。     

"国际种子科技与产业发展论坛"会议纪要

为了进一步了解国际种子科技与产业动态 ,加快我国种子产业、科技、人才培养与国际接轨 ,增强我国种业在加入 WTO后的国际竞争力 ,加强种子的教育、研究、管理、经营机构与部门的国际交流 ,在中美高校双边合作框架下 ,中国农业大学、美国 Ohio州立大学与中国种子贸易协会于 2 0 0 2年 11月 11～ 13日在北京共同主办了“国际种子科技与产业发展”论坛。参加大会的代表来自全国主要农业院校 ,同时也吸引了国内知名种子企业与种子管理站的参与。本次大会主席、中国工程院院士、我校农学与生物技术院院长戴景瑞教授 ,中国农业大学党委书记瞿振…     

不同品种棉花种子产业利益分配分析

我国是世界上最大的棉花生产和消费国，约有1亿棉农，年种植棉花面积约533万hm^2，棉花在我国农业生产及整个国民经济中占有重要的地位。棉花种子产业的稳定发展是棉花生产的重要保证，棉花种子产业的利益分配直接影响着棉农的收入和棉花市场的供求状况。市场上棉花品种繁多、复杂，本文对具有代表性的杂交转基因抗虫棉制种、杂交棉和常规棉繁种利益情况进行了分析。     

河北省棉花产业的现状与发展对策

分析总结了近几年河北省棉花种植分布、面积与产量,进出口量与国际市场占有率,品种质量与产需信息,价格波动情况等产业现状,然后就布局调整与规模化、育种目标、种植技术与种植模式、采摘加工、政策扶持等方面提出发展对策。     

科技创新推进兵团棉花产业发展

兵团棉花科技工作，坚持以人为本的科学发展观，以提高对棉花产业支撑能力为目标，以科技进步与创新为动力，以不断推进棉花产业发展和提高棉农收入与生活水平为基本出发点，以46．7万hm^2（旧制700万亩）优质棉基地建设为切入点，组织实施了棉花种业科技行动、节水科技行动和信息化科技行动，有力地推动了兵团棉花产业的发展。     

论新疆棉花生产的发展战略

根据新疆棉花生产发展的现状，针对目前生产中存在的品种多、乱、杂，内在品质较差，病虫害呈发展势头，良种繁育及配套的栽培技术发展不稳，拾花的成本高，劳动强度大等问题，提出了新疆棉花高技术产业发展战略目标：（1）棉花新品种选育应以纤维类型多样，能满足纺织工业面向不同国家、不同消费层次的需要；（2）发展特色棉业，产、供、销、纺织一体化；（3）发展滴灌、喷灌等节水棉业；（4）棉种生产、加工、包衣一体化；（5）加快发展机械化采棉；（6）建立棉花生物保护系统。     

泰国发展果树产业的措施和经验

泰国是世界上许多水果如榴莲、龙眼、山竹、菠萝、柚、荔枝等的最大生产国或出口国,在世界水果市场上占有重要地位,享有“水果王国”的美称。1999年泰国果树总面积为168万hm2,水果总产量877万t。除椰子外,栽培面积最大的是芒果,约35·2万hm2,其它依次为榴莲、龙眼、菠萝、和红毛丹。产量最高的是菠萝,其次是芒果、榴莲、柑橘、红毛丹、菠萝蜜和番木瓜等。在泰国周年开花结果的果树有椰子、番木瓜、香蕉、番石榴等。一年能多次开花结果的果树有如葡萄、菠萝蜜、小苹果、石榴、柑橘类等。泰国发展果树产业注重实用技术的开发与应用,如品种选育、采后贮藏保鲜、淡季生产及周年供应;果树栽培普遍推行GAP计划;注重市场协调管理;建立完善的农业技术推广体系等。     

Egyptian cotton leafworm: Integrated control and the agricultural production system

Many problems of agricultural production can be understood and solved only by understanding the overall production systems of which they are parts. An example is the Egyptian cotton leafworm, which is one of the main pests on the cotton crop in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The main control methods now used against this insect are hand-picking of egg-masses and aerial spraying of pesticides. Both are intensive, and little increase in their efficiency is possible. The structure of the cropping system is such that relatively minor alterations in the crop rotation may have a marked impact on leafworm population dynamics at relatively low cost. The technical issues involved in these alterations are well within the realms of possibility. But to implement them would require the development of a comprehensive view of the agricultural production system as a whole, a high sensitivity to the needs and decision-making frameworks of the Egyptian fellah, and an understanding of the biology of the cotton leafworm.     

Enzymatic saccharification of Egyptian sugar-cane bagasse

The saccharification of crude bagasse (CB) with enzyme preparations of a potent local mutant Trichoderma viride (253-M16) was considerably improved by pretreating CB under a variety of conditions.Simple treatment of CB with 1% NaOH for 10 h at room temperature allowed the hydrolysis of about 12% of this bagasse after 6 days incubation. However, the saccharification yield was raised to about 54% when the alkali-treated bagasse was hydrolysed by 50% ammonium sulphate precipitated enzyme fraction. Further improvement (90% conversion estimate) was obtained using bagasse samples treated with sodium chlorite/NaOH and hydrolysed with 70% ammonium sulphate precipitated fraction. A similar high conversion yield was also recorded using H₂SO₄—sodium chlorite treated bagasse.     

干旱棉区棉花营养特性分析

通过对海岛棉和陆地棉叶片营养元素含量测定值的分析,结果显示海岛棉对氮、钾的需求低于陆地棉,对磷、锰、铜、镁的需求高于陆地棉。海岛棉苗期对铜、硼,蕾期对磷、锌、铜,花铃期对镁、锰、铜的需求高于陆地棉。在生育后期,海岛棉叶片养分含量动态变化与陆地棉有差异。因此,在农业生产中海岛棉与陆地棉的施肥方法应有所区别。     

Molecular diversity of Egyptian cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium barbadense</Emphasis> L.) and its relation to varietal development

Twenty-eight Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes (varieties and hybrids) were used for analysis of genetic diversity using DNA based markers (ISSR, SSR, and EST) and to study varietal development of cotton. The ISSR markers gave the highest percentage of polymorphic bands as well as polymorphic information content compared with the other molecular markers (i.e. EST and SSR markers). Using clustering analysis, no general clustering according to the pedigree history of the genotypes was observed. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCOORDA), cotton genotypes were separated by the first three principal coordinates (PC1, PC2, and PC3) accounting for 11.5, 8.6, and 7.2% of the total genetic variance, respectively. The cotton genotypes were distributed into three parts based on the first PC, each part containing a group of varieties having a common ancestor. ‘Giza 12’ variety was the common ancestor for the varieties included in the first part and ‘Ashmouni’ variety was the common ancestor for the varieties included in the second part, while both ‘Sakha 3’ and ‘Sakha 4’ varieties were common ancestors for the varieties included in the third part. The results of the PCOORDA also showed better resolution of the genetic diversity than cluster analysis especially in the illustration of the varietal development of cotton. That means that principal coordinate analysis can be strongly used either alone or in combination with cluster analysis to discuss both genetic diversity and varietal development in the cotton genotypes.     

海岛棉与陆地棉嫁接初试成功

利用海岛棉抗病、生长旺盛、品质优良的特性,以其为砧木,以生育期适中、桃多桃大、高产的陆地棉为接穗进行嫁接,实现嫁接苗抗病、旺长、高产、优质的目的。2006-2007年在4个点以海岛棉为砧木,12个优良抗虫杂交陆地棉为接穗,采用芽接法进行嫁接,具体方法是:海岛棉、陆地棉分别在小棚中同期播种,     

Estimates of natural cross pollination in Egyptian clover

Summary The extent of natural cross-pollination in Egyptian clover cultivated in Punjab, India, varied from zero to 4.73% in all the three different sowing arrangements. The high out-crossing percentage in the alternate plant (1.57%) and the concentric circle arrangement (1.6%) was due to the close proximity of the pollen source and the abundant pollen supply.     

棉花品种改良

1中国棉花生产概况 世界棉花平均生产水平是每公顷880kg,目前中国是1080kg.美国是680kg,巴基期坦是240kg,澳大利亚最高是1263kg,所以中国在世界棉花生产所处的地位就是中等偏上的水平.从种植规模上看,中国的种植规模比较小,按照美国现在家庭农场平均生产规模都是在180hm2这个水平,但是我们国家人均都只有几亩地,甚至有的只有几分地,规模太小,新技术难以应用,形成不了规模效应,这是制约我国棉花生产高效益的一个重要方面.     

扁桃棉花间作对棉花产量及影响因素的研究

摘要：以大田棉花为对照（CK）,与20年生扁桃树下间作棉花的光合特性、产量及土壤养分进行比较研究,结果表明：①扁棉间作对棉花的产量影响很大,主要表现在间作减少了亩株数、亩铃数和单株成铃数,进而影响到了子棉和皮棉的亩产,扁桃树树冠内侧、树冠外侧2米处的子棉平均亩产分别较对照递减了66.92%和42.78%。②扁棉间作改变了棉花光合特性的日变化规律,对照棉花的光合作用的日变化规律都呈双峰曲线,而间作棉花的变化规律都呈单峰曲线,峰值出现时间早晚与树影变化长度和方向有关。③扁棉间作降低了距离树干5米处（垂直树冠外围附近）土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量,而对其它各处土壤养分含量的影响不大。说明扁棉间作系统中光合作用是决定棉花产量的最重要因素。     

Mode of pollination and seed setting in Egyptian clover

Summary The average cross-pollination in Egyptian clover under caged and uncaged conditions was 0.51% and 1.44% respectively. The low percentage of cross-pollination under caged conditions was due to the absence of honey bees, calm atmosphere and reduced photosynthesis whereas higher outcrossing under uncaged conditions was both by wind and honey bees activities. Per cent seed set was higher under uncaged conditions (53.0%) compared with that of seeds set under caged conditions (26.3%) and uncaged + hand tripping (52.3%). The honey bees have been found to increase seed set in Egyptian clover by tripping mechanism.