水分胁迫下柑桔果皮的生化变化与复水后补偿生长的关系

比较了控水与正常浇水处理的盆栽柑桔（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ ｔｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ Ｂｌａｎｃｏ．ｃｖ．Ｚｈｕｊｕ）果实的果皮中过氧化物酶,ＳＤＳ－不可溶性蛋白氨基酸组成,羟脯氨酸含量及ＳＤＳ－可溶性成分中氨基酸组成与含量。结果表明,柑桔砂囊膨大早期,水分胁迫并未引起果皮中ＰＯＤ活性提高及共价键壁结合结构蛋白在质与量上的明显改变、显示了ＰＯＤ介导的细胞壁化未被激活,而氨基酸组成中最明显的变化脯氨酸比经大幅提高     

PEG诱导水分胁迫对柑桔幼苗细胞质膜透性及脯氨酸含量的影响

柑桔叶片相对含水量(RWC)随聚乙二醇(PEG)处理渗透势的降低而依次降低;叶片细胞质膜透性随PEG处理浓度的增加而依次增大;幼苗叶片累积脯氨酸的数量随水分胁迫时间和强度递增。     

干旱胁迫下葡萄根系的生理生化变化与抗旱性的关系

以盆栽不同抗旱类型葡萄品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫下,葡萄根系的生理生化变化。结果表明:葡萄根系的生理生化指标与抗旱性有密切的相关性。葡萄根系的相对电导率值,随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而增大,抗旱性强的品种其膜结构破坏相对要轻,其相对电导率变化小,因此其相对电导率值维持较低的水平;随干旱胁迫加强,不同葡萄品种根系组织中游离脯氨酸含量的变化呈现上升趋势,抗旱的葡萄品种,其游离脯氨酸含量变化明显大于不抗旱品种;干旱胁迫下,葡萄根系丙二醛含量增加,抗旱性弱品种增幅大,抗旱性强的品种增幅小;随着干旱胁迫程度的加强,过氧化物酶活性变化,表现为先上升后下降趋势,抗旱性强的葡萄品种,其根系过氧化物酶活性维持在较高的水平。     

盐分胁迫对不同番茄品种生理生化指标的影响

在无土栽培条件下,以1/2MS营养液及含NaCl浓度分别为50、100、200、400mM的营养液对3个番茄品种“红润156”、“早冠二号”和“黄圣女”处理一周,研究盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片的影响.结果显示：随盐分浓度的增加,植株伤害加重.番茄叶片细胞膜透性增大,丙二醛（MDA）含量,过氧化物酶活性先升高后降低,脯氨酸含量明显增加,叶绿素含量下降.但各指标的变化程度因番茄品种不同而异.在盐胁迫下,“黄圣女”的脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性,叶绿素含量都明显高于另外两品种,“早冠二号”最低.细胞膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量则是“早冠二号”最高,“红润156”居中,“黄圣女”最低.     

水分胁迫下葡萄叶片脯氨酸和可溶性总糖积累与叶龄的关系

测定1年生葡萄的不同叶龄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性总糖的含量,结果表明:水分胁迫使幼龄叶片的脯氨酸和可溶性总糖含量增加,而减少了在成熟叶片中的含量。说明水分胁迫导致渗透调节物质由老组织向幼嫩组织运输并积累,从而提高了幼嫩组织的干旱适应能力。     

水分胁迫下骏枣叶片中保护酶活性的变化

以3年生盆栽骏枣为研究对象,研究了在不同程度的水分胁迫下,骏枣树体中SOD、POD、CAT 3种抗氧化保护酶活性的变化,结果表明,3种酶在植物体内是协同作用,随着干旱天数不断增加,SOD和POD活性的变化规律基本一致,总体表现为前期数值升高后期逐渐降低,而CAT活性变化有波动。说明骏枣体内的这3种酶均能够抵抗干旱,消除自由基对植物的伤害,对植物进行保护。     

低温胁迫对金边瑞香生理生化变化的影响

研究了低温胁迫下金边瑞香幼苗SOD活性和游离脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明:从这些生理指标10 d的变化情况看,金边瑞香品种幼苗SOD活性呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,游离脯氨酸含量逐渐增加,表明金边瑞香对低温有较强的适应能力,具有较强的抗寒性。     

水分胁迫对果树形态和生理生化指标的影响

该文综述了果树对水分胁迫的反应的研究进展.对果树在水分胁迫下叶片和根系等形态结构以及气孔反应、光合作用、矿质营养、活性氧代谢和多胺代谢等生理生化指标的变化作出了全面的阐述.     

水分胁迫对两面针生长的影响

以1年生两面针扦插苗为试材,研究了不同水分胁迫处理对两面针的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量、荧光效应、产量的影响。结果表明:水分胁迫抑制了植株的正常生长,但轻度胁迫对植株的影响较小,尤其是对于以根部为有效利用部位的两面针影响十分微弱。结合生产实际,综合比较得出,人工栽培条件下保持土壤田间持水量的64%左右符合生产实际需要。     

甲壳素对苹果幼苗抗旱生理效应的影响

用Hogland营养液水培1 a生"嘎拉"苹果幼苗为材料,研究了在培养液中加入0.5%(W/V)甲壳素对PEG(20%)诱导的水分胁迫条件下叶片光合参数、活性氧和脯氨酸含量的影响.结果表明:甲壳素可以有效提高叶片的净光合速率,提高叶片气孔导度,增强叶片的蒸腾作用,缓解了由于干旱胁迫对光合作用的影响.研究发现,培养液中加入甲壳素的水分胁迫使植株叶片的叶绿素的含量明显高于对照,过氧化氢含量明显低于对照.     

Growth, stomata aperture, biochemical changes and branch anatomy in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Chokanan in response to root restriction and water stress

Mango production is often subject to space and tree size management pressures among growers. This study found that root restriction contributed to reduced leaf expansion, thus inhibiting the growth of mango trees. There was even less leaf expansion under water stress conditions. Under well-watered conditions, restricted roots considerably reduced stomatal conductance and leaf water potential compared to control root growth. More rapid reductions in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential occurred under restricted root and water stress conditions compared to control trees. Leaf proline concentrations and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased as a result of root restriction and water stress but decreased with re-watering. Re-watering also increased stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and peroxidase accumulation in plants with both restricted and non-restricted root growth. Anatomical studies of cross sections of secondary branches showed that root restriction and water stress brought about various changes: compacted cells, as estimated by epidermis thickness and area, as well as by cortex thickness, but with increases in schelerenchyma thickness, phloem and xylem thickness, schelerenchyma area, and pith area and diameter. These results suggest that reduction of soil volume and water stress could effectively control tree size through physiological and morphological changes; thereby bringing higher sustainable returns per hectare and greater effectiveness in orchard management.     

葡萄浆果不同生长期对干旱胁迫敏感性变化的水分生理机制

用盆栽‘蛇龙珠’葡萄进行的试验表明,不同时期中等程度的分期干旱胁迫均诱导了果实的渗透调节。黎明时果实最高水势状况下,溶质势下降值在０．６ＭＰａ左右,压力势上升值为０．１～０．２ＭＰａ;在同样的含水量下,与对照相比,干旱胁迫后具渗透调节能力的果实具有更低的水势、更低的溶质势和更高的压力势。果实发育第Ⅰ期干旱胁迫在诱导了果实渗透调节的同时也诱导了细胞壁刚性的大幅度升高;复水后渗透调节能力和细胞壁刚性下降,生长速率仍然较低。第Ⅱ期胁迫没有显著改变此期果实压力势不高、细胞壁刚性较大的生理状况;而在第Ⅲ期复水后,细胞壁刚性下降,细胞扩张能力增大。第Ⅲ期干旱胁迫在更高的程度上维持了细胞的压力势。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期和Ⅱ、Ⅲ期持续干旱胁迫使果实渗透调节能力下降乃至丧失,压力势下降,细胞壁刚性则大幅度升高。据以上结果讨论了葡萄果实不同生长期对干旱的敏感性变化的机制。     

抗旱性不同的苹果属植物水分胁迫下核酸代谢及自由基变化

 水分胁迫引起苹果属植物中抗旱性较弱的平邑甜茶和抗旱性较强的新疆野苹果幼苗叶片相对含水量(RWC) 、DNA、RNA 含量下降, O₂^-·、H₂O₂ 含量增高, DNase、RNase 活性上升; 其中DNA 含量下降的幅度小于RNA , DNase 活性上升的幅度小于RNase。抗旱性较强的新疆野苹果在水分胁迫下幼苗叶片的RWC、DNA、RNA 含量下降的幅度以及O₂^-·、H₂O₂含量增高、DNase、RNase 活性上升的幅度均小于抗旱性较弱的平邑甜茶。水分胁迫下平邑甜茶和新疆野苹果幼苗叶片的DNA、RNA 含量与RWC、O₂^-·、H₂O₂ 含量和DNase、RNase 活性间均呈显著相关。     

Almond Oil Quality as Related to the Type of Pollen Source in Iranian Self Incompatible Cultivars

ABSTRACT

The effects of different pollen sources including five cultivated almond cultivars (Genco, Tuono, 15–5, Filip Ceo, and Supernova) on quantity and quality of chemical composition of two Iranian self-incompatible cultivars (Shahrood 12 and Shahrood 21) as well as self-pollination of these cultivars were investigated. Results showed a variation in oil content and fatty acid composition between two studied cultivars. The oil content was not affected by pollination treatments but the fatty acid composition of almond oil significantly was influenced by type of the pollen source. The most common unsaturated fatty acids found in the kernels of all treatments were oleic acid (68.72–88.26%) and linoleic acid (10.57–22.36%). The type of pollen source with modified oleic/linoleic acid ratio affected the oil quality. The highest oleic/linoleic acid ratio was obtained in Shahrood 12 (8.35%) and Sharood 21 (4.78%) cultivars, which pollinated with Filip Ceo and Supernova pollens, respectively.     

温度预处理对柑橘果实活性氧代谢相关酶的影响

以尾张温州蜜柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ　ｕｎｓｈｉｕ　Ｍａｒｃ．）和哈姆林甜橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ　ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ．）为试材，研究了不同温度预处理对果实呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、果皮相对电导率（ＲＥＣ）和木质素含量的影响。结果表明，２０℃预处理 ３ｄ的果实，在贮藏至 １００ ｄ时，呼吸速率、ＭＤＡ含量。果皮 ＲＥＣ均为最低。２０℃预处理果实在贮藏后期 ＳＯＤ与 ＣＡＴ能较好地协同作用清除 Ｏ２－·，果实受自由基伤害程度最小，果实衰老得以延缓。温度预处理引起的ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与提高果皮木质素含量、加速受损伤油胞的迅速愈合有关，而贮藏后期 ＰＯＤ活性的上升可能与果实的衰老有关。     

谷胱甘肽提高月季切花失水胁迫耐性与GR活性的关系

 本研究确定了切花月季‘Samantha’预处理采用的谷胱甘肽(GSH) 及其生物合成抑制剂丁胱亚磺酰胺〔L-buthione (S, R) sulfoximine, BSO〕适宜浓度, 探讨了GSH和BSO预处理对花朵水势、花瓣中MDA含量、GSH含量以及GR活性等的影响。结果表明: 与失水胁迫对照处理相比较, 2 mmol/L GSH预处理明显提高了月季切花瓶插期间花朵水势, 显著降低了花瓣中MDA含量, 有效提高了花瓣中GSH含量和GR活性。2 mmol/L BSO预处理获得了理想的反证结果。结果说明, GSH对切花月季‘Samantha’失水胁迫耐性的改善与花瓣中GR活性的提高相联系。     

Differential responses of chicory ecotypes exposed to drought stress in relation to enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as ABA concentration

Drought stress causes various physiological and biochemical effects in plants. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), of the Asteraceae, is a medicinal herbal that is found in most parts of Iran. This study was taken as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design? with four replications, to evaluate the effect of water deficit on changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and ABA accumulation of four ecotypes of chicory (Sefid Shiraz, Siyah Shiraz, Sefid Isfahan, Siyah Isfahan). To conduct this research, greenhouse cultivation at four different irrigation levels, 100% (as a control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC), was conducted and after 60 days of tension under specific treatment, the plants were harvested and the indicators were investigated. The results of the present study indicate that Siyah Shiraz performs better than the others under water deficit conditions, as indicated by higher antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) activity, proline content (as non-enzymatic anti oxidant) and abscisic acid accumulation in leaves. Since activation of the antioxidant system helps the plants with stress-induced damages, our results indicate that Siyah Shiraz has a better defense system against oxidative damage. These data are useful for better understanding of the physiological basis of changes in drought resistance as well as crop breeding projects.     

干旱过程中桃树茎和叶水势的变化

对田间生长的四年生桃树在充分灌水后的２２ ｄ 干旱周期内,分别在早上６∶００ 和中午１４∶００对茎、叶水势进行跟踪测定。同时测定了土壤充分湿润、中度水分亏缺及严重水分亏缺条件下上述指标的日变化。结果表明：在三种土壤水分条件下叶水势的变化幅度在０ ．２ ＭＰａ 左右,差异不明显;而午间茎水势则由土壤充分湿润时的－ ０．６ ＭＰａ 降至土壤水分严重亏缺时的－ １ ．８ ＭＰａ,下降了１ ．２ ＭＰａ。在整个干旱周期中,午间茎水势的变化虽受日蒸发量的影响,其变化趋势与土壤水势的变化趋势比较一致。随着干旱的加重,午间茎、叶水势之差即茎、叶水势梯度也出现极大变化。在土壤充分湿润时,茎叶水势梯度高达１ ．５ ＭＰａ,在土壤水分严重亏缺条件下,差异缩小为０。研究认为桃树外围新梢水势及茎、叶水势梯度的变化对土壤水分亏缺的反应比叶水势的变化更敏感,因此较适宜用作衡量果树水分亏缺程度的生理指标。