樟子松梢小卷蛾触角感器超微结构观察

为了明确樟子松梢小卷蛾Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday)触角超微结构,从野外采集被害的樟子松侧枝,在室内培养出樟子松梢小卷蛾成虫,利用扫描电镜观察其触角外部形态及其感器。结果表明,成虫触角为丝状,自基部至端部逐渐变细;总长约为3.73~5.46 mm。柄节短小,呈长圆柱体形;梗节膨大,呈圆球状,表面覆盖着层叠相加的大量鳞片;鞭节由40~44 个亚节组成。该虫触角上共发现5 种感器类型,即毛形感器、刺形感器、耳形感器、腔锥形感器和B?hm 氏鬃毛。雌雄触角感器分布特点相似,但触角长度和类型略有不同,有性二型现象。对各类型感器的功能进行推测。本研究将为深入了解其化学感受系统,揭示其寄主选择行为机制奠定基础。     

短角曲姬蜂成虫触角感觉器的扫描电镜观察

为研究短角曲姬蜂成虫触角的外部形态及其感觉器的种类问题,通过扫描电镜观察,对短角曲姬蜂雌、雄成虫触角及感觉器进行差异性比较。观察表明,短角曲姬蜂成虫触角为鞭状,触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节3个部分组成。雌性成虫触角鞭节21个亚节,雄性成虫触角鞭节25个亚节。短角曲姬蜂成虫触角上有刺型、板型、毛型、腔锥形乳突状、钟形和B?hm氏鬃毛6种类型感觉器。短角曲姬蜂雌、雄成虫触角感觉器在形态和密度上存在性二型现象。     

一种抗鸟害水稻变异系颖壳SEM观察及硅含量分析

抗鸟害水稻材料是一种稀缺的种质资源, 研究其稻谷颖壳的表面结构(颖壳稃尖闭合程度, 稃毛的长度、直径和密度, 颖壳包裹米粒松紧度), 以及与颖壳机械强度和韧性相关的硅(Si)元素含量, 旨在为抗鸟害水稻新种质的开发利用和理论研究提供依据。利用扫描电镜和能谱技术, 观察分析了一种已稳定遗传至第10代的抗鸟害水稻变异品系和3个对照水稻品种稻谷颖壳表面的细胞结构和硅元素含量, 结果表明: (1) 变异品系颖壳稃尖闭合程度及颖壳的中上部稃毛长度、直径、密度均显著大于对照;(2) 对照颖壳与米粒之间的间隙明显大于变异品系;(3) 变异品系颖壳外表面的Si含量显著低于对照, 而内表面Si含量明显高于对照, 内外表面Si含量之差明显低于对照。说明抗鸟害水稻材料的稻谷颖壳表面结构和硅元素含量与普通水稻存在显著差异, 为培育抗鸟害水稻新品种提供了有用指标。     

深澳湾表层底质沉积物中凯氏氮和总磷的时空分布及与周边地区的比较

氮和磷是近海网箱养殖系统重要的生源要素之一,为探究深澳湾表层底质沉积物中氮磷等元素的分布和变化规律,于2007年和2008年对粤东深澳湾表层底质沉积物中凯氏氮和总磷的含量进行每月一次的采样调查。结果显示,表层沉积物中凯氏氮的变化范围分别为0.533-2.038 mg/g,无显著性季节差异,但空间变化很明显;总磷的变化范围为0.042-2.085 mg/g,无显著性季节差异,但2007年底质中的含量明显高于2008年,且空间差异明显。在对深澳湾进行底质采样调查的同时也对达濠高位江蓠养殖区进行了调查,同时比对其他学者对柘林湾养殖区的研究数据,发现深澳湾养殖区氮磷含量要低于以上两处养殖区,且深澳湾底质中氮磷的含量主要与人类活动的密集程度有关。     

GA3对于芹菜种子休眠打破及TDZ对芹菜分化的影响

以芹菜为研究材料,研究了萌发,生长,分化,生根,培养条件等因素对组培苗的生长影响。结果表明:收获1年的芹菜种子,用10 mg/L GA3浸泡12 h后,以0.1%HgCl2消毒90 s,再铺种于含10 mg/L GA3的MS中,6 d后萌发,在20℃下14 d后萌发率可达到70%以上,28℃时萌发率明显降低;以MS为基本培养基;1.0 mg/L BA 1.0 mg/L TDZ使其分化率达到100%,30 d后平分化数达到5个;单独使用TDZ时,1.0 mg/L TDZ的综合效果最好;0.01mg/L NAA下根的诱导率是100%,14 d后平均生根数达到7.2。培养条件以20℃为宜。     

Collection,preservation and distribution of Oryza genetic resources by the National Bioresource Project RICE (NBRP-RICE)

Biological resources are the basic infrastructure of bioscience research. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a good experimental model for research in cereal crops and monocots and includes important genetic materials used in breeding. The availability of genetic materials, including mutants, is important for rice research. In addition, Oryza species are attractive to researchers for both finding useful genes for breeding and for understanding the mechanism of genome evolution that enables wild plants to adapt to their own habitats. NBRP-RICE contributes to rice research by promoting the usage of genetic materials, especially wild Oryza accessions and mutant lines. Our activity includes collection, preservation and distribution of those materials and the provision of basic information on them, such as morphological and physiological traits and genomic information. In this review paper, we introduce the activities of NBRP-RICE and our database, Oryzabase, which facilitates the access to NBRP-RICE resources and their genomic sequences as well as the current situation of wild Oryza genome sequencing efforts by NBRP-RICE and other institutes.     

The production of yellow-seeded Brassica napus (AACC) through crossing interspecific hybrids of B. campestris (AA) and B. carinata (BBCC) with B. napus

To transfer the genes for yellow seed coat from both genomes A and C to B. napus (AACC), the hexaploid of Brassica (AABBCC) was synthesised from reciprocal interspecific crosses between yellow-seeded B.campestris (AA) and B.carinata (BBCC). The hexaploid with 27 pairs of chromosomes was red-seeded which showed that genic interaction existed in the trigenomic plants for the colour of the seed coat. Hundreds of hybrid seeds were obtained from crosses between the red-seeded hexaploid and partial yellow or brown-seeded varieties of B. napus as pollen donor. The majority of the hybrid plants (AABCC) were self fertile with brown seeds. It appeared that the chromosomes of the B genome were excluded during the meiosis of the pentaploid and a high proportion of the genetically balanced AC gametes could be produced. The fertility of the F2 population was increased and even reached normal levels for some plants. Seventy-three plants with the yellow-seeded character were isolated from 2590 open-pollinated F2 plants, most with increased fertility. After two successive self-pollinations, 18 lines produced yellow seeds and no brown seeds segregated from these populations. The morphology of the novel yellow-seeded plants was basically towards B. napus. Esterase isoenzyme electrophoresis showed that the plants contained some of the genetic background of B. campestris, B. carinata and B. napus. Cytological analysis has shown that at least some yellow-seeded lines have the B.napus AACC genome composition with 38 chromosomes and normal meiotic pairing. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: The basic concepts

Recognizing the enormous potential of DNA markers in plant breeding, many agricultural research centers and plant breeding institutes have adopted the capacity for marker development and marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, due to rapid developments in marker technology, statistical methodology for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the jargon used by molecular biologists, the utility of DNA markers in plant breeding may not be clearly understood by non-molecular biologists. This review provides an introduction to DNA markers and the concept of polymorphism, linkage analysis and map construction, the principles of QTL analysis and how markers may be applied in breeding programs using MAS. This review has been specifically written for readers who have only a basic knowledge of molecular biology and/or plant genetics. Its format is therefore ideal for conventional plant breeders, physiologists, pathologists, other plant scientists and students.     

雹灾后施氮配合中耕对棉花14C同化物生产及运转分配的影响

运用＾１５Ｎ和＾１４Ｃ示踪技术,研究了雹灾后施氮配合中耕对棉株吸氮动态,吸氮量,＾１４Ｃ同化物生产及运转分配的影响。研究结果表明,蕾期遭受雹灾后及对施氮并配合中耕,可使棉株开始吸收肥料氮的时间提前,棉株吸氮量、含氮量和肥料利用率也显著提高。棉株花铃期的相对光合作用强度（以放射性比强表示）和＾１４ＣＯ２同化量均显著高于单纯施氮处理和对照。而且,棉株的同化产物以较大的比例转运至生殖器官特别是成铃中,并