川西亚高山岷江冷杉和紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应

【目的】探讨川西亚高山地区各海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应,为进一步揭示当地森林对气候变化的响应机制提供依据。【方法】分别获取王朗自然保护区中海拔与高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的标准年表,分析年表同气候因子间的关系。【结果】中海拔生境处岷江冷杉生长在1990年后与年均气温存在一定程度的“分离效应”;中海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长与上年生长季(上年7月和8月)气温和上年生长季末(上年10月)降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长与当年9月气温和降水量显著负相关( P <0.05),紫果云杉生长与当年2、6月月均最低气温显著正相关( P <0.05);高海拔生境处岷江冷杉和紫果云杉生长均与当年生长季前(上年11月、当年1月、当年2月)、当年生长季(当年7月)和上年生长季(上年6月)气温显著正相关( P <0.05),岷江冷杉生长还与当年6月份的降水量及上年8月份的气温显著负相关( P <0.05);滑动相关分析和年表特征年气候分析结果充分印证了各年表对月气候因子响应的可靠性。【结论】上年生长季气温的“滞后效应”对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的岷江冷杉生长均有显著影响;近几十年来,上年生长季末降水对中海拔生境处的岷江冷杉、紫果云杉以及高海拔生境处的紫果云杉生长都具有稳定而显著的抑制作用。     

长白山沿海拔梯度臭冷杉径向生长对气候变化的响应

为了研究树木生长对气候变化的响应,选取长白山北坡3个海拔高度建立了臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis的年轮差值年表。通过年表特征及响应函数分析,探讨不同海拔臭冷杉径向生长对气候变化的响应。结果表明,温度是影响海拔分布上限(1 760 m)臭冷杉生长的主要影响因子,年轮宽度指数与上年9月和当年5月的平均温呈显著正相关,与降水没有显著关系;在中海拔(1 250 m),年轮宽度指数与温度和降水都没有呈现出显著相关关系;在海拔分布下限(780 m),降水是主要的影响因子,年轮宽度指数与上年9月和10月的降水量呈显著正相关,与温度没有达到显著相关。未来气候变化有利于臭冷杉的径向生长,有利于长白山暗针叶林生产力的增加。     

三峡库区秭归县不同海拔马尾松径向生长对气候的响应

利用采自三峡库区秭归县不同海拔高度的马尾松树轮样芯,分别建立树木年轮宽度年表.包括标准年表和差值年表,并对2种年表进行比较.运用相关函数及单年分析等树木年轮学方法,研究秭归县马尾松在不同海拔高度处的径向生长与气候变化的关系.最后通过多元回归得出不同海拔高度处马尾松年轮指数与气候因子的关系模型.结果表明:在正常的气候条件下,海拔300 m处马尾松生长受上年6和10月份降雨量和湿润指数的影响,与当年气候因子的关系不显著;海拔600 m处马尾松生长与上年6月份温度呈显著相关,还受当年7月份的月平均降雨量和湿润指数的影响;海拔900 m处马尾松生长不仅与当年2月份温度呈显著相关,还受当年12月份月平均降雨量和湿润指数的影响,单年分析进一步印证了这种关系.     

天山雪岭云杉径向生长响应气候变化的海拔分异

【目的】探究天山中部地区不同海拔雪岭云杉径向生长变化趋势、对气候因子的响应以及应对干旱胁迫的生态弹性,为预测气候变化下天山雪岭云杉林沿海拔梯度的群落发展趋势提供理论参考。【方法】在天山北坡中段雪岭云杉森林的下林线、林带中部、上林线处采集雪岭云杉树芯样品,建立3个树轮标准年表,计算胸高断面积增量,分析雪岭云杉径向生长与气候因子的关系,采用抵抗力、恢复力和恢复弹力分析雪岭云杉对干旱胁迫的响应。【结果】在过去61年,研究区各海拔雪岭云杉径向生长均受到明显抑制,受抑制程度表现为下林线处最重,林带中部次之,上林线处较轻;不同海拔影响雪岭云杉径向生长的主控气候因子存在差异,下林线主要与当年4—7月气温显著负相关（P <0.05）,与上一年6月和当年4、6月降水量及上一年8月至当年9月自校准帕默尔干旱指数(scPDSI)显著正相关（P <0.05）;林带中部主要与上一年6—8月和当年3—4、 6—7月气温显著负相关（P <0.05）;上林线主要与当年2和6—7月气温显著正相关（P <0.05）,与上一年8月和当年4月降水及上一年6月至当年5月scPDSI显著正相关（P <...     

四川红杉径向生长对气候变化的响应研究

为了解青藏高原东缘四川红杉径向生长对气候变化的响应规律,于四川马尔康海拔3940 m采集四川红杉木年轮样芯,建立标准年表,对年轮宽度指数与前一年1月至当年12月的月平均最高温、最低温、平均温和降水量进行了相关分析。结果表明：四川红杉径向生长与当年9月降水量呈显著正相关,与当年12月份的最低气温呈显著负相关,其生长季降水增多可能有利于高海拔四川红杉的生长。     

青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉径向生长对升温响应分异的坡向和海拔差异

【目的】研究气候变化背景下青藏高原东缘典型优势树种岷江冷杉的分异现象与坡向和海拔的空间关联，揭示该地区岷江冷杉发生分异的原因和响应机制。【方法】采用树木年轮方法，在青藏高原东缘米亚罗林区岷江冷杉4个主要分布坡向(东北、北、西北、西)的3个海拔梯度(3 650、3 800和3 950 m)采集875根岷江冷杉的树芯，去除生长趋势后建立12个基于地形点位的岷江冷杉标准年表。利用回归分析方法研究岷江冷杉径向生长与增温的分异现象，应用Pearson相关分析和滑动相关分方法分析1955—2019年岷江冷杉径向生长与气候因子的相关性及其动态变化。【结果】1) 4个坡向林线岷江冷杉径向生长均未发生分异，西坡未出现分异，北坡、西北坡中低海拔和东北坡低海拔均与增温趋势表现出分异。2)在5个发生分异的样点中，中低海拔北坡和低海拔西北坡岷江冷杉的径向生长与生长季(6月)降水呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；中海拔北坡和西北坡分别与前一年9月降水和10月温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；低海拔北坡与4月和9月温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。3) 1955—2019年，中海拔北坡岷江冷杉径向生长...     

哈巴雪山高山松径向生长对气候变化的响应

基于树木年轮学方法,在哈巴雪山海拔上、下限采集高山松年轮样本,建立差值年表并分析其与气候因子关系,以揭示影响该区域高山松(Pinus densata)径向生长的主要气候因子。结果表明:海拔上限高山松径向生长主要受上年8月水热状况影响,还与当年3月平均最高温呈显著正相关、与5月平均温和6月降水均呈显著负相关;海拔下限高山松径向生长主要受当年5月水热状况影响,还与上年12月降水呈显著正相关;哈巴雪山高山松径向生长与气候因子关系较为稳定。通过对横断山区树轮研究的补充,可为未来气候变化下森林保护提供理论依据。     

金沙江流域不同海拔处云南松生态弹性及生长衰退过程

【目的】研究影响金沙江流域云南松生长的关键气候因子及不同海拔处云南松的生态弹性和生长衰退历史,为预测未来极端干扰事件对云南松生长动态的影响提供依据,为该区森林保护提供理论支撑。【方法】用生长锥钻取金沙江流域永仁县不同海拔处云南松树轮样芯,建立不同海拔树轮年表。利用树木径向生长变化百分率研究云南松生长衰退历史,用抵抗力和恢复力指标判断云南松的生态弹性,用响应分析和冗余分析方法研究不同海拔云南松生长与气候因子的关系。【结果】限制云南松径向生长的主要气候因子在低海拔区(1 845 m)和中海拔区(2 340 m)为生长季初期3—5月的月平均气温、降水量、干旱强度以及生长旺季的降水量及干旱强度,在高海拔区(2 740 m)为生长季初期的干旱强度及生长旺季7月的平均气温;过去近150年中,研究区域云南松在1884—1886、1897—1900、1903—1906、1947—1949和2009—2011年间发生了生长衰退;相同时段的径向生长衰退现象在低海拔区域最明显,高海拔区次之,中海拔区较弱;不同海拔的云南松对相同年份极端干旱事件的生态弹性不同,抵抗力表现为中海拔高海拔低海拔,恢复力表现为低海拔高海拔中海拔;随年份后延,低海拔区云南松应对极端干旱事件的抵抗力在增强,恢复力在下降,中海拔区云南松的抵抗力稳定,恢复力在2012年极端干旱事件时增强,高海拔区云南松的抵抗力和恢复力在研究期内稳定。【结论】接近云南松林分布气候界限环境的树木更易发生径向生长衰退,位于水热条件适宜环境下的云南松抵抗极端事件干扰的能力更强,接近云南松林生长极限环境的树木受极端事件干扰后的恢复能力更强。     

帽儿山地区不同种源樟子松树轮对气候因子的响应

[目的]为了进一步了解不同种源的樟子松在帽儿山地区的生长差异,研究该地区气候因子对樟子松径向生长的影响,本文建立了来自于阿尔山、高峰、红花尔基、卡伦山、图强罕达盖和金山等7个种源樟子松树轮年表。[方法]通过年轮-气候响应分析、相关分析、主成分分析,探讨了不同种源樟子松径向生长与气候因子的响应差异。[结果]表明:7个种源地樟子松树轮年表整体变化趋势基本相似,但局部也有不同之处,除图强种源外,其余6个种源地樟子松在生长初期年轮宽度呈增加趋势。阿尔山、高峰、红花尔基和卡伦山种源地樟子松径向生长与当年2月平均温度显著正相关,罕达盖种源地樟子松径向生长与前一年4月平均温度显著正相关;高峰、图强、卡伦山种源地樟子松径向生长与当年6月降水显著正相关,阿尔山、高峰、金山、卡伦山、红花尓基、图强种源樟子松的径向生长主要与前一年8月降水显著负相关。[结论]多数种源的樟子松在初期径增长较快,与当年2月份的温度和6月份的降水量有正相关的响应性,而与前一年8月份的降水量有负相关的响应性。     

关帝山中海拔山谷内华北落叶松径向生长对气候因子响应的研究

利用采自关帝山中海拔(2200 m)山谷处的华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii年轮样芯建立差值年表,通过与气候因子的相关性分析,探究气候因子对树木径向生长的影响.结果表明,上年生长季中期和末期的降水不利于其当年的径向生长,而上年冬季和当年春季的降水有利于华北落叶松积累营养物质,促进其生长;...     

Tree growth and time-varying climate response along altitudinal transects in central China

We present six tree-ring chronologies from Mount Emei and Xinglong Mountain, central China, which were used to study tree growth in the context of local climate variations and to provide insight into the regional response of tree growth to climatic and environmental change. The intra- and inter-site running correlations between tree-ring series may be related to shifts in environmental stress. Persistently declining drought response of tree growth at Mount Emei may be related to the moss-induced “swamping effect”. Diebacks at Mount Emei at ~1974 may have been caused by sharply elevated levels of pollutants from a forest fire in 1972. Tree growth at the two lower sites at Xinglong Mountain shows positive correlations with moisture during a water-year, while a negative drought response is seen at the uppermost site. An increase in drought sensitivity of tree growth is observed under the persistent drying trend in recent decades at the Xinglong Mountain.     

Mobile carbohydrates in Himalayan treeline trees I. Evidence for carbon gain limitation but not for growth limitation

To test whether the altitudinal distribution of trees is determined by a carbon shortage or an insufficient sugar fraction (sugar:starch ratio) in treeline trees, we studied the status of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (total soluble sugars and starch) in Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib and Picea balfouriana var. hirtella Rehd. et Wils. trees along three elevational gradients, ranging from lower elevations to the alpine treeline, on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. For comparison, we investigated a low-altitude species (Tsuga yunnanensis (Franch.) Pritz.) which served as a warm-climate reference because it is distributed in closed montane forests below 3100 m a.s.l. in the study area. The carbon status of T. yunnanensis responded to altitude differently from that of the treeline species. At the species level, total NSC was not consistently more abundant in treeline trees than in trees of the same species growing at lower elevations. Thus there was no consistent evidence for carbon limitation of growth in treeline trees. For the three treeline species studied (P. balfouriana and A. fabri in the Kang-Ding Valley and A. fabri in the Mo-Xi Valley), winter NSC concentrations in treeline trees were significantly lower than in lower-elevation trees of the same species, suggesting that, in winter, carbon is limited in treeline trees. However, in no case was there total overwinter depletion of NSC or its components in treeline trees. Treeline and low-altitude species had similar sugar:starch ratios of about three at their upper-elevational limits in April. We conclude that survival and growth of trees at the elevational or latitudinal climate limit depend not only on NSC concentration in perennial tissues, but also on the maintenance of an overwintering sugar:starch ratio greater than three.     

Larix olgensis growth-climate response between lower and upper elevation limits:an intensive study along the eastern slope of the Changbai Mountains,northeastern China

Larix olgensis is a dominant tree species in the forest ecosystems of the Changbai Mountains of northeast China.To assess the growth response of this species to global climate change,we developed three tree-ring width and biomass chronologies across a range of elevations in the subalpine forests on the eastern slope of the Changbai Mountains.We used dendroclimatic analyses to study key factors limiting radial growth in L.olgensis and its variation with elevation.The statistical characteristics of chronologies suggested that elevation is a determinant of tree growth patterns in the study area.Response function analysis of chronologies with climate factors indicated that climate–growth relationships changed with increasing elevation:tree growth at high elevation was strongly limited by June temperatures of the previous year,and as elevation decreases,the importance of temperature decreased;tree radial growth at mid-elevation was mainly controlled by precipitation towards the end of the growing season of the current year.Biomass chronologies reflected a stronger climatic signal than tree-ring width chronologies.Spatial correlation with gridded climate data revealed that our chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal for northeast China.Trees growing below timberline appeared to be more sensitive to climate,thus optimal sites for examining growth trends as a function of climate variation are considered to be just below timberline.Our study objective was to provide information for more accurate prediction of the growth response of L.olgensis to future climate change on the eastern slope of the Changbai Mountains,and to provide information for future climate reconstructions using this tree species in humid and semi humid regions.     

Dendroclimatic analysis of Betula ermanii forests at their upper limit of distribution in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

In order to detect the effects of climate change on Erman's birch (Betula ermanii Charm.), we examined radial growth—climate relationships of Erman's birch forests at their upper limit of distribution in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Thirty Erman's birch trees from six stands were sampled at an elevation of about 1950 m a.s.l. Correlation and response function coefficients indicated that radial growth of Erman's birch was positively influenced by previous August, October and current February temperature, and previous winter, and current March, June and September precipitation. In addition, radial growth showed a negative relationship to previous August and current June sunshine ratio. Precipitation and temperatures in annualization periods also positively affected the radial growth of Erman's birch. Regression analyses indicated that precipitation explained more variation in radial growth than minimum temperature. Together, these results suggested that climate affected radial growth of Erman's birch through altering soil water availability. Therefore, the radial growth of Erman's birch at the tree line in Changbai Mountain could not be predicted by temperature alone even under a scenario of global warming.     

The importance of seedling competition in the segregation of spruce and fir in the southern Appalachians

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) are codominants of southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. Fraser fir generally dominates above 1740 m, while red spruce usually dominates below this elevation. This study was designed to determine whether the present segregation of the two species along elevational gradients is associated with seedling competition or contrasting physiological responses to environmental factors. Seedlings were grown for two years in a replacement series experiment along two elevational transects extending from 1300 m to 1900 m, and harvested for growth analysis.Competition increased with decreasing elevation and Fraser fir was apparently the stronger competitor. Mortality was inversely correlated with elevation and was most evident in red spruce in May, and in fir in late summer. Fir growth increased with elevation and red spruce grew most at the middle elevation (1600 m). Neither competitive interactions nor growth responses completely explained the elevational segregation of red spruce and Fraser fir. We hypothesize that the early-successional Fraser fir quickly dominates at higher elevations following disturbance and that continued disturbance will favor its dominance at higher elevations. However, the late-successional noncompetitive red spruce slowly establishes itself and, while consistently present, may only dominate in the absence of disturbance and where other species are at the margins of their distribution.     

大青山米老排树干径向生长变化及其对环境因子的响应

【目的】研究南亚热带大青山林区乡土珍贵树种米老排径向生长日变化特征及对环境因子的响应,为理解米老排生长-气候响应的生理机制、森林培育和保护等提供基础数据。【方法】利用点状树木径向生长变化记录仪对米老排径向生长变化进行连续观测,采用气象站同步测量辐射总量、土壤含水量、相对空气湿度、空气温度等环境因子数据。通过径向生长与环境因子的相关分析,研究米老排生长季第一个高峰期(5月)的不同分化等级径向生长日变化规律、不同天气条件下生长变化及径向生长-环境因子相互关系。【结果】1)不同分化等级米老排5月份的径向生长日变化量优势木(17.08μm)>平均木(13.94μm)>被压木(-1.81μm),差异极显著(P<0.01),且不同阶段的起始时间、阶段时长、变化量也有所不同。2)不同天气条件下,三种分化等级米老排径向日净生长量和日变化幅度均表现为雨天>晴天>阴天,受雨水影响,雨天条件下径向变化量远超其自身生长量;同种天气条件下,径向日净生长量优势木最大,日变化幅度则表现为平均木最大。3)不同分化等级米老排径向生长与相对空气湿度、降雨量呈极显著正相关关系,与气温、总辐射呈极显著负相关关系,而20 cm土壤含水率无显著性相关,且各影响因子均存在不同时间滞后效应。【结论】不同分化等级米老排由于林木生长状况的差异,导致其受到环境因子影响程度的不同,进而使得其径向生长变化量产生差异。     

暖温带幼林树轮宽度气候变化响应分析--以山东蒙山黑松树轮气候研究为例

根据采自山东蒙山地区两组幼龄黑松树木年轮样本,研制出单点和区域树轮宽度年表,分析了蒙山黑松树轮宽度年表的统计参数和径向生长的气候限制因子,并尝试重建相关密切的气候因子,探讨蒙山黑松径向生长与大范围气候变化的关联。研究结果表明,（1）蒙山黑松树轮宽度年表的统计参数都比较高,说明蒙山黑松树轮宽窄变化包含有较多的气候环境变化信息。（2）蒙山黑松径向生长变化与当年4-9月降水量呈显著正相关。同时,当年5-7月异常高温也对蒙山黑松径向生长变化产生显著抑制。通过黑松树轮宽度年表对4-9月降水量的模拟重建结果表明蒙山黑松具有较大树轮气候研究潜力。（3）蒙山黑松树轮宽度生长与太平洋大范围气候波动存在显著关联。     

Relationships between climate and tree radial growth in interior British Columbia,Canada

Climate is a main driving factor of the formation of annual tree-rings, but which climatic variables are the most influential on radial growth may vary among species and sites. To explore these interactions, tree-ring chronologies along a major elevation gradient were examined for three tree species in southern interior British Columbia (Canada): Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus contorta, and Picea glauca × engelmannii. We used correlations and linear and multiple regressions to explore the relationships between tree-ring radial growth and climate variables in the area from 1922 to 1997. All correlation coefficients between ring chronologies and monthly climatic variables were medium to low (from −0.3 to 0.4); nevertheless, moderate but significant trends could be identified. Multivariate models explained up to 53%, 43% and 32% of radial growth variability for P. contorta, P. menziesii and P. glauca × engelmannii, respectively. All three species showed similar radial growth–climate patterns across the elevational gradient, but they had different details that made ring width–climate relationships species-specific. Precipitation-related variables were more related to radial growth at low-elevations, changing into temperature-related variables at high-elevations. Tree-ring width for all three species was primarily and significantly affected by climate variables from the year previous to the growing season and only secondly by current year conditions, but the critical months varied for different species and altitudes. Winter precipitation also affected radial growth, either as a source of water or as a possible agent of physical damage. Although our work showed significant climate influences on breast height tree radial growth, our results also indicated that other site factors such as microclimate or stand dynamics can be as or more important than climate variability.     

Growth–climate responses of high-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains,southwestern China

Improved understanding of tree-growth responses to climate is needed to model and predict forest ecosystem responses to current and future climatic variability. We applied dendroclimatological techniques to assess the effects of inter-annual climate variations on radial growth of high-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. Eight tree-ring width chronologies of the major tree genera Abies and Picea that are aligned along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 4200 m a.s.l. were developed. Correlation and principal component analyses for the eight chronologies identified three groups of sites, representing different patterns of growth–climate relationships. Correlation and redundancy analyses with regional climate data revealed that radial growth of fir growing at high-elevation sites is enhanced by normal or warm summer temperatures (June and July) during the current growing season. In addition, radial growth of trees growing from high to middle elevations is sensitive to low temperatures during winter season. At low-elevation sites, trees display low sensitivity to temperature variation. However spring moisture availability becomes crucial for radial growth regardless of tree species. High- to middle-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains may benefit from the current climate warming, especially from rising winter temperatures.