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连翘Forsythiasuspen(Thunb.)Vahl为木犀科连翘属植物连翘的干燥果实,气微香味苦,按采收时期不同,分青翘、老翘两种。连翘主产于山西、河南、陕西、山东等地。以山西、河南产量最大。为常用的清热解毒中药,具有清热解毒、消肿散结的功效。现代药理研究证明,连翘有抗菌、抗炎、解热、抗肝损伤、镇吐、利尿、解压等作用。其主要成分为连翘苷、连翘苷元、连翘酯苷、连翘酚、芦丁等,《中国药典》以连翘苷作为指标成分控制连翘的质量。其测定方法虽有一些报道,但无法确定检验方法。中药指纹图谱是一种综合、可量化的鉴别手段,是利用现代交叉学科去阐述中医药精髓。是当前符合中药特色的评价中药真实性、稳定性和一致性的质量控制模式之一。 相似文献
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试验旨在筛选出连翘叶抗氧化的主要药效物质,探讨其抗氧化的作用效果。采用化学法、过氧化氢诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7损伤模型,以清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、·O2-自由基和细胞抗氧化酶活力为指标,综合评价连翘叶中7种成分的抗氧化活性。结果显示,连翘叶中连翘酯苷A (FSA)、连翘酯苷B (FSB)、连翘酯苷H (FSH)和连翘酯苷I (FSI)成分对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、·O2-自由基均具有较好的清除能力。FSA、FSB、FSH和FSI可提高过氧化氢诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,改善过氧化氢诱导的细胞氧化损伤。经热图分析及主成分分析,发现FSA、FSB、FSH、FSI 4种苯乙醇苷类成分与抗氧化能力呈正相关。研究表明,连翘叶中的FSA、FSB、FSH、FSI 4种苯乙醇苷类成分具有较好的抗氧化活性,是连翘叶发挥抗氧化活性的主要药效物质。 相似文献
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目的:研究连翘提取物对细胞炎症模型的抗炎作用。方法:将连翘提取物按不同浓度作用于细胞炎症模型,观察细胞的形态变化,利用MTT法测定各孔的光吸收值。结果:连翘苷和连翘黄酮对照组细胞形态镜检观察未见明显变化,OD值略比空白对照组低;黄酮对照组细胞几乎全部破碎;不同浓度的大肠杆菌对照组细胞破裂、聚集成团,作用显著(P<0.05),且随着浓度的升高,对细胞形态的改变愈加显著。结论:连翘提取物对炎性细胞有不同程度保护,与同浓度菌液对照组相比,保护作用显著(P<0.05),在100μL浓度菌液中保护作用尤甚,具有一定的抗炎作用。 相似文献
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探讨了连翘酯苷对体外培养细胞的毒性,以期为人们更好地研究利用连翘酯苷提供实验依据。实验采用细胞病变法观察连翘酯苷对猪肾细胞(PK-15)、猴肾细胞(Mare-145)、鸡胚肾细胞(CEK)、鸡外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)等4种细胞的形态损伤;用MTT法检测连翘酯苷作用这4种细胞后的细胞活性和细胞数量的变化。根据这两种方法的结果计算出连翘酯苷对这4种细胞的半数致死量。实验结果显示高剂量的连翘酯苷可致细胞发生病变,而低剂量组的细胞形态优于对照组。经SPSS16.0统计,连翘酯苷对PK-15、Mare-145、CEK3种细胞的半数致死量分别为137.8、87.1、384.4μg/mL,对PBL应用到中华人民共和国兽药典(2000年版)规定药量的10倍剂量,结果未发现致死性。因此,适当合理的连翘酯苷用量对体外培养的细胞没有毒性,反而有一定的维持细胞形态的营养作用和刺激细胞增殖的作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献