水曲柳地板毛坯的快速干燥

本文用连续升温基准在火管式加热木材干燥窑中对水曲柳地板坯进行了干燥试验。试验结果表明：用火管式加热木材干燥几连续升温基准干桫曲柳地板毛坯时，干燥速度快，干燥质量了，干燥基准易操作。     

番龙眼地板毛坯干燥工艺基准和干燥工艺实施

为了提高番龙眼地板毛坯干燥质量,对25mm厚的番龙眼地板毛坯进行低温低湿干燥工艺的研究.探讨了番龙眼木材干燥工艺基准的制订,并通过番龙眼木材干燥工艺的实施对其干燥结果进行分析,为进一步研究制订番龙眼木材干燥工艺提供了思路和方法.     

栓皮栎地板材的干燥工艺研究

本文对栓皮栎地板材的干燥工艺进行了研究。结果表明，按照本研究提出的栓皮栎地板材的干燥工艺，将厚23mm的栓皮栎地板材从初含水率48.1%干燥到终含水率9.3%，干燥周期为16天，干燥质量较好，基本无可见干燥缺陷出现，含水率均匀。     

滇产黄毛青冈木材干燥特性的研究

鉴于百度试验法时木材干燥特性研究的不全面性,首先利用百度试验法开展了滇产黄毛青冈材干燥特性的初步研究,提出了预报干燥基础,再据此以地板坯料为干燥对象开展干燥工艺的试验研究,以全面归纳分析黄毛青网材的干燥特性。百度法研究表明：黄毛青冈材的初期开裂为4级,内裂为5级,截面变形1—3级,干燥速度为1-2级。地板料干燥工艺研究表明：采用研究提出的预报基准,23mm厚黄毛青冈地板坯料从初含水率52．3％干燥到12．9％,干燥周期为492h,但干燥质量达不到国家标准中对地板料干燥质量的要求,严重变形和过高的含水率偏差是此中主要原因。综合评定后认为,黄毛青冈属难干材,文中还就其干燥工艺的优化提出了建议。     

竹木地板坯料的干燥方法及干燥设备

竹木地板坯料的干燥方法及干燥设备的选择是十分重要的 ,它直接关系到产品的质量与企业的经济效益。作者提出了地板坯料的干燥方法及干燥设备的选择。     

番龙眼实木地板坯料的生产干燥工艺

为提高地板坯料的干燥质量和生产效率,对番龙眼实木地板坯料的干燥工艺进行优化,并进行了生产性干燥试验。结果显示,采用优化的干燥工艺,可使番龙眼地板坯料的干燥时间缩短为12 d,较企业原干燥基准缩短近30%,干燥质量达到GB/T 6491-2012《锯材干燥质量》规定的二级以上等级,合格率达93.1%。     

浅析木材干燥中的干燥梯度控制法

浅析木材干燥中的干燥梯度控制法张国宝，刘耀祥（吉林省露水河林业局福华地板公司）木材在干燥过程中，决定其干燥速度、干燥质量主要取决于所采用的干燥基准，而控制干燥基准的核心，一般来讲主要是控制干燥介质的温度、相对温度。对于干燥梯度控制法，在控制干燥介质温...     

枫香地板坯料的干燥工艺

研究了枫香地板坯料的干燥上艺,并研究了三种不同原木径级对干燥速度和干燥质量的影响。试验中把枫木按原木径级分为30cm以上(A级),20～30cm(B级),小于20cm(C级),采用常规干燥工艺,对比三种研究对象的干燥速度和干燥质量。结果表明:枫香木材在含水率40%～50%阶段极易发生扭曲变形和开裂。采用文中的干燥工艺,25mm枫香地板坯料从初含水率79.57%到终含水率13.85%,干燥周期为376h(15.7d),干燥质量满足实木地板加工要求。枫香木材径级的大小对干燥速度没有显著影响,但C级干燥质量与A、B级有显著差异。     

地板专用樟脑

一般民用樟脑是用合成樟脑粉为原料加工制成块状或丸状，对人体无毒、无害，能防蛀驱虫，但是这种樟脑主要用于衣物、书籍的防蛀，而对于南方的潮湿天气，特别是较封闭的潮湿环境，例如木地板下底面与水泥地面之间的空间，这种樟脑没有防霉、干燥的作用，使得地板易因潮湿而腐烂。 能够防霉、防潮的地板专用樟脑，它由合成樟脑粉及富马酸二甲脂均匀混合而成，其中合成樟脑粉所占的重量比为５０％～９８％，富马酸二甲脂所占的重量比为２％～５０％。 由于地板在最初的两年时间里仍然需要继续干燥，特别是地板搁栅一般没有经过干燥处理，因此…     

木质地板防滑性能评价

基于国家和行业标准均未对室内常规木质地板防滑性能进行规定的现状,采用英国标准及相关技术要求的分类方式,对80批次不同饰面材料的木质地板,在干燥洁净、表面介质为水和食用油时的防滑性能进行测试。结果显示:表面介质是影响地板防滑性能的主要因素;油漆饰面类地板的防滑性能优于浸渍纸层压木质地板;铺装方式对地板的防滑性能影响较小。     

Reaction wood drying kinetics: tension wood in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> and compression wood in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis>

The drying kinetics of reaction woods in Picea abies (compression wood) and Fagus sylvatica (tension wood) in comparison with their corresponding normal woods was investigated under constant convective drying conditions. Moisture profiles along the thickness of small flat-sawn boards taken from reaction and opposite wood zones were evaluated using a polychromatic X-ray system, a non-destructive method. The results revealed substantial differences in the drying behavior between the reaction and opposite woods. Both reaction woods represented slower drying rate than their matching normal woods mainly during the period of free water loss. However, the reaction and opposite woods reached the final moisture content (MC) of about 12% at the same time due to higher initial MC in the opposite woods. In the case of reaction wood, it took a longer time for the moisture profile to become approximately uniform. Overall, a more striking difference was observed in the drying behavior of compression and opposite wood in P. abies. Some important anatomical differences like the cell and pit dimensions and their proportion give some explanations for these drying behaviors.     

对我国木材干燥技术创新与发展问题的几点思考

概述了我国木材干燥工业发展的现状.指出了目前木材干燥工业发展中存在的主要问题,如总体水平较低,干燥技术发展不均衡,木材干燥学科在行业内的地位和影响力有所下降.提出了应加强理论创新;针对我国木材资源特点重视木材干燥新技术的研究与技术的集成创新;倡导"节能减排"的绿色干燥;充分发挥学会、协会的引领作用等推动木材干燥工业健康发展的思路.     

Shrinkage of cane (Arundo donax) II. Effect of drying condition on the intensity of cell collapse

To improve the drying method in the manufacture of woodwind reeds, green canes (Arundo donax L.) were dried under various humidity–temperature conditions and the intensity of cell collapse was evaluated from the swelling due to steaming during the recovery of collapse. At 30°C, the intensity of collapse was increased by slower drying. It was considered that: (1) slower drying resulted in higher sample temperature in the early stage of drying and acted to increase the collapse; (2) rapid drying stiffened the surface of the sample and such a shell prohibited the following collapse; (3) slower drying i.e., longer loading of liquid tension caused more remarkable and/or frequent viscoelastic yields of cells. Consequently, the intensity of collapse increased when the cane was dried from its waxy outer surface or in the presence of node: both of them retarded drying. On the other hand, higher drying temperature caused greater intensity of collapse in spite of faster drying. It was suggested that the thermal softening of cane cells leads to easier yielding of the cell wall, and at the same time the rapid drying does not allow the recovery of collapse after the disappearance of free water. These results indicated that faster drying at lower temperature is preferable for drying cane with less collapse.     

40mm厚杉木锯材高温干燥工艺研究

对40 mm厚杉木锯材制定两个高温干燥工艺并进行试验研究,检测和分析干燥周期、干燥速率、锯材干燥质量等指标。干燥工艺I采用高温湿空气进行干燥;干燥工艺II在干燥前期高含水率阶段采用过热蒸汽条件,干燥后期低含水率阶段采用高温湿空气进行干燥。结果显示:两个干燥工艺在各阶段的干燥速率差异明显,干燥前期工艺II的干燥速率为1.30%/h,较工艺I低约37.2%;但干燥后期工艺II的干燥速率为1.89%/h,较工艺I高约70.27%。干燥工艺II可以有效避免锯材内裂的发生,干燥质量满足GB/T 6491—2012《锯材干燥质量》二级材的指标要求,干燥效率提高。     

黄毛青冈等四种硬木干燥特性的研究

对黄毛青冈、高山栲、滇石栎和栓皮栎等四种硬阔叶树材的构造、密度、全干缩率、弦、径向干缩变化、用百度法和气干等进行了观察和试验。结果表明四种木材导管内含有丰富或较多的侵填体,密度甚大,全干缩率大,弦、径向干缩比差异也大,水分传导性差,干燥速度缓慢,干燥时易发生表裂、内裂、翘弯和扭曲等现象,属难干材。通过试验,提出了克服干燥缺陷的一些措施,为制定四种木材干燥工艺提供了依据。     

木材含水率测定方法的比较研究

为修订国家标准“CB1931—80木材含水率测定方法”提供依据,本文对含树脂和挥发性物质较多的马尾松等5种木材,采用烘干法、真空干燥法和蒸馏法进行含水率测定的比较。结果表明,烘干法简便实用,但所测得的含水率结果比真空干燥法和蒸馏法为高,如果试样含有较多的挥发性物质,应用烘干法测定含水率误差偏大时,可采用真空干燥法。     

小径级柞木干燥工艺的试验研究

小径级柞木干燥试验结果表明:在干燥初期干球温度为35℃、干燥末期干球温度为70℃、干燥周期中进行两次中间处理和末期终了处理、干燥周期为15 d的工艺条件下,板材干燥前总平均含水率41.6%,干燥结束后总平均含水率11.7%,板材厚度上含水率偏差<3%;干燥结束后伸长应力和压缩应力甚微,板材表面的颜色轻微变暗,除髓心材和水纹材有少数裂纹和轻微变形外,其余木材并没有发生翘曲、变形、开裂等干燥缺陷,干燥质量满足了GB6491—86《国家锯材干燥质量标准》二级以上的指标要求。本次试验确定的干燥工艺满足了小径级柞木板材的干燥工艺要求。     

中国古典园林中的"收"与"放"分析

中国人对于“人要征服自然”和“人是自然的一部分”的辩证统一关系的认识和态度,是中国古典园林形成的哲学依据。该文通过对中国古典造园的思想背景、总体布局、空间组织、园林建筑、掇山理水、植物配置等造景元素中“收”与“放”的分析,阐明了“收”与“放”的对比与联系在古典园林中所产生的社会效果和审美效果：     

Leaf water relations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis> Sieb. et Zucc. on different soil moisture conditions

To elucidate the differences in the leaf water relations of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. growing in different soil moisture conditions, we examined the pressure-volume curve and the diurnal changes in the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, and the leaf water potential. The leaf water relations were compared using field-grown 40-year-old pine trees growing on the upper and lower parts of a slope. We also compared the leaf water relations of potted 4-year-old saplings growing at pF 4.2 and pF 1.8 soil moisture levels for almost 1 year. The values of the ratio of symplasmic water at turgor loss point to symplasmic water at saturated point (V_p/V_o) and bulk modulus of elasticity () of both the adult trees on the upper part of the slope and the potted saplings growing on pF 4.2 soil moisture were higher than those values of both the adult trees on the lower part of the slope and the potted saplings growing on pF 1.8 soil moisture, respectively. The field-grown adult tree and the potted saplings growing under long-term water stress tended to reduce their stomatal conductance in response to the acute soil drying. It is suggested that P. densiflora growing under long-term water stress rapidly closed its stomata in response to soil drying and avoided losing water, and could also rapidly absorb water with reducing water loss because of the decrease in the leaf pressure potential derived from the high values.