Studies on Cotton Breeding Resistant to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt Diseases

Both Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are important soil-borne diseases,which can not be effectively controlled by chemical fungicides.The two diseases,especially Verticillium wilt,have spread all over the cotton belt,and obstructed the progress of cotton production in China in recent years.It has been proven that breeding and growing resistant cultivars is one of the most economical and effective measures to control these diseases.The program of breeding cotton for resistance to wilt diseases has been continuously studied in Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sighuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ICRI-SAAS) for more than 50 years.     

Dissection of Wheat Breeding in China by Marker/Trait Association

Besides the natural selection, the crops cultivated today have experienced two episodes of strong artificial selection, domestic and modem breeding. Domestication led to giant genetic structure differentiation between cultivars and their wild species, while modem breeding made further genetic structure differentiation between the modem varieties and the landraces. In a population, diversity of the loci under strong selection is significantly lower than that of other loci. At the same time, diversity in the genomic regions flanking these selected loci also declines in the process of selection. This phenomenon is called hitchhiking effects or selection sweep in genetics （Andolfatto, 2001）.     

Molecurar Breeding for Resistant Varieties Against Asian Rice Gall Midge in China

Asian rice gall midge （GM） is a major rice pest in South China. Breeding resistance varieties has been a viable and ecologically acceptable approach for managing the pest. This paper reports that the progress of breeding resistant varieties using the markers linked to Gin6 against GM fxom the year 1998 to 2006 in China. The DNA fingerprints of 4 biotypes of GM population fxom 7 locations were analyses by AFLP. Base on the fine mapping of resistance gene Gin6 against all 4 Chinese GM biotypes by RAPD and SSR methods respectively, the STS markers and SSR markers linked to gene Gin6 were used for breeding through MAS. Some new resistant garplasm with Gin6 gene were created. And six cultivars and six two-line or one line three-line hybrid rice against GM were bred and extended to the farmer. The technique system of MAS for resistant varieties against Asian rice gall midge was set up at Guangdong province of China.     

Genetic Diversity of Peanut Core Collection from US Using Simple Sequence Repeats

Groundnut is a member of genus Arachis and the crop is divided into two subspecies and six botanical varieties based on morphological characteristics （Krapovickas and Gregory, 1994）. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics （ICRISAT） holds more than 14 000 groundnut accessions from which a core collection of 1 704 have been developed （Upadhyaya et al., 2003）. Holdbrook et al. （1993） developed a groundnut core collection of 831 accessions from a total of 7 432 US groundnut accessions based on morphological characteristics. The large number and variability of accessions in GenBanks create problems in knowing which germplasm to select for breeding purpose. Only a few established cultivars and elite breeding lines have been utilised in breeding programmes. A core collection is a fraction of accessions from the entire collection which represent most of the available genetic diversity of the species. A core collection can extensively be evaluated and information derived from them can be applied to the whole collection. Identification of DNA markers associated with the botanical varieties of groundnut would be useful in genotyping, germplasm management and evolutionary studies.     

Gossypium Germplasm Resources

The genetic variability residing in diploid andtetraploid species of the Gossypium genusrepresents a large,under-utilized resource incurrent cotton improvement efforts.Geneticdiversity in elite germplasm is reported to benarrow.Actual diversity on the land isnarrower,due to preferential mass planting ofsuccessful cultivars and breeding techniques that     

Identification of Introgressed Lines by the SSR Markers and Agronomic Traits

The wild cotton cultivars and species have abundant genetic polymorphisms,and they possess lots of excellent genes,such as drought resistance,insect resistance,fine and strong fiber,and so on.So cotton breeding experts have widely carried out interspecific hybridization and obtained more than 20 types of advanced generation hybrids with good quality and stable traits between wild resources and upland cotton.     

Genetic Dissection, Marker-assisted Introgression, and Pyramiding of Agronomic Traits in Rice

Through the efforts of the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, the whole genome sequence office has been decoded （International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, 2005）. This sequence information has provided new tools for genetics and has created a new paradigm of plant breeding. Many phenotypic traits of economic interest are controlled by multiple genes and often show complex and quantitative inheritance： Recent progress in rice genomics has had a great impact in the genetic dissection of such traits into single genetic factors. Such genetic factors can subsequently be identified at the molecular level by map-based strategies （Yano, 2001）. So far, we have identified several genes involved in heading date （Yano et al., 2001）, field resistance to rice blast, cool temperature tolerance （Takeuchi et al., 2001） and pre-harvest sprouting （Takeuchi et al., 2003）, and genetic dissection of root morphology and yield-related traits is progressing. Working from the current status of genetic dissection, we have begun marker-assisted introgression of particular genes of interest into elite rice cultivars in Japan. Exploitation of economically important genes in natural variants will be essential to enhance the potential of new breeding strategies.     

小麦遗传转化研究进展

Gradual progress made in genetic transformation of wheat is presented in this paper. Information on promoters, antibiotic, herbicide and auxotrophic markers, and various traits of wheat modified through genetic transformation, is provided. In addition the methods used for wheat transformation are discussed. Though significant efforts have been made for genetic transformation of wheat mainly through particle bombardment method but transformation efficiency is still low for mass production of fertile transgenic plants. Studies on the inheritance of transgenes and its incorporation into commercial elite cultivars are not significant. Agrobacterium mediated transformation seems to have better prospects for wheat transformation in future due to its advantages over particle bombardment. In planta transformation of wheat tissues seems possible only with A grobacterium.     

Molecular Breeding in an Industrial Setting

To develop better varieties for farmers and to increase overall agricultural productivity, Monsanto Company has continued to lead innovations in plant biotech, breeding and molecular breeding. In Molecular breeding, nongel based SNP markers have replaced traditional gel-based markers. Our advanced SNP discovery pipeline enabled us to rapidly identify thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） for use as markers in any crops of choice. High-density SNP maps have been successfully constructed for major crops and these maps have provided a useful tool for QTL identification, Marker-Assisted Breeding, Association Study as well as biotech trait integration. Our high level of automation, in conjunction with accurate data tracking and analytical systems, has made it possible to achieve high throughput and unattended 24-hour operations for reliable and cost-effective large volume genotyping and data analysis. As genetic information continues to accumulate, confirmed associations between markers and traits grow. Such information will allow breeders to gain insight into the genetic determinants underlying complex agronomic traits. Furthermore,     

Main Achievements of Cotton Large-scale Transformation System

Cotton large-scale transformation methods system was established based on innovation of cotton transformation methods.It obtains 8000 transgenic cotton plants per year by combining Agrobacteriurn turnefaciens-mediated,pollen-tube pathway and biolistic methods together efficiently.More than 1000 transgenie lines are selected from the transgenic plants with molecular assistant breeding and conventional breeding methods.     

RAPD and SCAR Markers for Dominant Glandless Gene in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Glandless or gossypol free cottons are of greatvalue to develop)the utilizations of cottonseedsand cotton scientists have been interested indeveloping more applicable glandless cultivars.Common glandless cotton are generated byrecessive genes,such as gl_2 and gl_3.A dominantglandless mutant has been discovered in     

Analysis on the Load Characteristics and Process Design of Laminated Air-conditioning in Summer in the Powerhouse of Sanxia Hydropower Station

Considering the particularities in the powerhouse design of Sanxia Hydropower Station, the load characteristics and process design of laminated air-conditioning at the generator level in summer have been analyzed and discussed. Several methods of load calculation have been analyzed. Based on the results of calculation by these methods, the load characteristics and energy saving benefits have been discussed. Taking a normal section at generator level for an example, the design condition and refrigeration demand have been dissected, thus providing some experiences to this or other project.     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究综述

In this paPer，authors gave the review of research progress in rice blast resistance genes．Number of genes conferring rice blast，widely used resistant materials to blast and method of rice blast identification have been summaried in details．The strategies of rice blast resistance breeding are also discussed．     

Utilization of Cotton DNA Markers in Cotton Breeding

Informative,portable,and efficient DNA markers have the potential to accelerate genetic gain in cotton breeding.Discovery and widespread application of DNA markers to cotton has traditionally lagged behind other major crop species.The reasons are well known to ICGI participants.The foundation for widespread development and application of DNA markers has been laid by ICGI and research within the private sector.     

Research in Automation Process Planning About Sheet Metal

Along with the development and appliance of the artificial intelligence, professional have adopted many kinds of methods such as expert system, NN and so on to explore an innovation type CAPP. The paper gives a brief introduction to the principle and design methods of process planning based on the theory of expert system developing a computer aided process planning system of sheet metal and discusses in detail the system uses the network graph to describe the parts and technology decision-making route, and the methods of separated reasoning and various expressions of knowledge are used to solve the complexity of development in CAPP research. Finally satisfied the requirement of the practicability?opening and intelligence about the system.     

Carbonation Resistance of High_addition Flyash Concrete

In order to improve carbonation resistance of high_addition flyash concrete,the grinding of flyash and additon of hydrated_lime in flyash concrete have been studied.It is shown that it is possible to improve the carbonation resistance of high_addition flyash concrete by using these methods without reducing its strength.     

Design and Development of Analysis and Forecast System for the Distribution of Car

Analysis and forecast for market have become important methods of making decision in most enterprises. It is the base of analysis and forecast to effectively store and make full use of the data in the distribution. Technology of data warehouse and OLAP provides the strong function of storing and integrating data, and mathematics methods provides a series of statistics and analysis tools. Combine IT and mathematics methods in the field of analysis and forecast for the data of distribution to put forward a design and implementation plan of application system in supporting decision based on data warehouse. The design exhibits the processes how to build data warehouse and multi-dimensional data, recommends the methods of analyzing and forecasting, and shows a good integration of advanced information technology and decision science.     

Cell Loss Analysis Based ATM Networks of On-Off Traffic Source

Cell loss, which occurs when buffers overflow in ATM switches, is a key measure for the performance of an ATM network .An ATM network must be designed for very low and predictable cell loss probabilities to provide adequate quality of service for all users. Many methods have been proposed for allocating bandwidth and determining buffer size requirements to provide quality of service guarantees. These methods are subject to overly optimistic allocations or overly pessimistic allocations. The authors present an exact analysis of cell for on off traffic source which can be used in concert with probabilistic methods to ensure that buffer and bandwidth allocation are mode between the best case and worst case requirements.     

The Methods of Research Free Radical in the Domain of Biochemistry,Pharmacy and Dynamics

The researching of free radical is basilic researchful approach for free radical's chemistry, biochemistry and medical chemistry. Usually free radical has better activity and shorter half life, hence there have many methods for us to study free radical. In these methods, according to different apparatus, they can be seen as electron spin resonance, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, spectrophotometry, chromatography and radiolysis, etc. Because different apparatus has different detecting object, area and precision, each kind of methods has it's own specialty. Hence it is necessary for us to find and select a right way to study.     

The Middleware-based Enterprise Application Integration

The development of enterprise application results in many info islands alone which have been a restricted factor for the enterprise to share information. This paper analyzes the current conditions and methods of enterprise application integration, and proposes an application integration frame based on middleware technique. This frame can overcome the shortcoming of traditional integration methods and resolve the cross-platform problem among the enterprise applications efficiently, and it also provides a way for the enterprise to develop E-commerce.