Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive rat dopamine transporter

The action of dopamine and other monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses is terminated predominantly by high-affinity reuptake into presynaptic terminals by specific sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transport proteins. A complementary DNA encoding a rat dopamine transporter has been isolated that exhibits high sequence similarity with the previously cloned norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. Transient expression of the complementary DNA in HeLa cells confirms the cocaine sensitivity of this transporter.     

Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter complementary DNA

A rat dopamine (DA) transporter complementary DNA has been isolated with combined complementary DNA homology and expression approaches. The DA transporter is a 619-amino acid protein with 12 hydrophobic putative membrane-spanning domains and homology to the norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. The expressed complementary DNA confers transport of [3H]DA in Xenopus oocytes and in COS cells. Binding of the cocaine analog [3H]CFT ([3H]2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane) to transfected COS cell membranes yields a pharmacological profile similar to that in striatal membranes.     

人促性腺激素释放激素及其转运肽基因的克隆、表达与纯化

研究根据GenBank中已发表的人GnRH2基因mRNA序列以及转运肽基因核苷酸序列,借助Oli-go4.1设计了一对寡核苷酸引物,以引物3'末端的短互补序列退火形成小段双链,从而互为模板和引物,通过引导合成长达90bp的目的序列GnRH/TRS。将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,构建重组质粒pYC1,经酶切鉴定筛选出阳性克隆pYC1,进一步的序列分析确认其中GnRH/TRS序列的正确性。pYC1经BamHI和EcoRI酶切得到GnRH/TRS片段,然后将此片段克隆到表达载体pGEX-6p-1上,构建重组质粒pYC2。经酶切鉴定筛选出阳性克隆pYC2,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(ED3)plyS实现原核表达。IPTG诱导后成功表达出与预期大小相符的约28ku的融合蛋白,光密度扫描对表达产物进行初步定量,表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的33.3%,表达产物经GlutathioneSepharose4B层析纯化后,得到了纯度较高的GST-GnRH/TRS融合蛋白,为进一步科研和实际应用奠定基础。     

Cloning of a serotonin transporter affected by antidepressants

A complementary DNA clone for a serotonin (5HT) transporter has been isolated from rat basophilic leukemia cells. The complementary DNA sequence predicts a 653-amino acid protein with 12 to 13 putative transmembrane domains. The 5HT transporter has significant homology to the gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters. Uptake by CV-1 cells expressing the transporter complementary DNA resembles 5HT uptake by platelets and brain synaptosomes; it is sensitive to antidepressants, amphetamine derivatives, and cocaine.     

甘蔗液泡膜二羧酸转运蛋白基因ScTDT克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆甘蔗液泡膜二羧酸转运蛋白基因（ScTDT）,并分析其在甘蔗不同组织及在铝胁迫下的表达模式,为深入研究该基因功能及抵抗铝胁迫的分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】利用同源克隆技术从甘蔗品种ROC22中克隆ScTDT基因,利用生物信息学软件进行序列分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测该基因在甘蔗不同组织（根、茎和叶）及在铝胁迫（0、10和20μmol/L Al3+）下的表达水平。【结果】克隆获得的ScTDT基因,开放阅读框（ORF）全长1623 bp,编码540个氨基酸残基,蛋白相对分子量57.34 kD,理论等电点（pI）5.77,为不稳定的疏水蛋白,可能定位于质膜、液泡和/或高尔基体,其氨基酸序列与高粱（XP_002460443.1）、水稻（XP_015612609.1）和玉米（PWZ04635.1）的TDT氨基酸序列具有高度相似性,其中与高粱的TDT氨基酸序列相似性最高,达96.30%,说明ScTDT与高粱TDT的亲缘关系最近。ScTDT基因在甘蔗根、茎和叶中均有表达,但根中表达量显著高于茎和叶（P< 0.05,下同）。在铝胁迫处理下,3个甘蔗品种（ROC22、柳城05-136和中糖1202）的根中ScTDT基因表达量较对照组（0μmol/L Al3+）均显著升高,尤其是柳城05-136和中糖1202随着营养液中Al3+浓度增加,ScTDT基因的表达量呈显著升高趋势,说明高浓度Al3+胁迫更能诱导ScTDT基因高效表达。3个甘蔗品种中,以中糖1202的ScTDT基因表达量变化最大,柳城05-136次之,以ROC22的变化最小。【结论】克隆获得的ScTDT基因表达具有组织特异性,在根中高效表达可能与甘蔗抵抗铝胁迫相关,即植株通过上调根中ScTDT基因表达,从而加快液泡中苹果酸的释放,促使苹果酸从根中分泌到土壤与Al3+反应,从而减少铝毒害,表明ScTDT基因可能参与甘蔗抵抗铝胁迫,且不同甘蔗品种的抗铝胁迫能力有所不同。     

脑特异性分子标志物vsnl1基因的克隆及原核表达

从健康BALB/c小鼠脑组织提取总RNA,逆转录获得cDNA.根据GenBank公布的视锥蛋白样基因1(vsnl1)基因序列设计引物,以鼠脑cDNA为PCR模板扩增vsnl1.将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒pMDT-v.将vsnl1基因亚克隆至6×His原核表达载体pROEX-HTb,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,用IPTG诱导表达和Ni-NTA柱纯化,并采样进行SDS-PAGE分析.结果表明:RT-PCR扩增产生了与vsnl1大小吻合的目的片段,测序及BLAST比对提示与已公布序列的同源性为99%,将序列提交GenBank.SDS-PAGE显示,经IPTG诱导,重组质粒pROEX-v转化菌表达了约22ku的蛋白,与预期分子量大小一致.     

甘蔗蔗糖转运蛋白SoSUT5基因克隆、表达及功能鉴定

[目的]克隆甘蔗蔗糖转运蛋白基因SoSUT5,分析其表达特性,并通过转化酵母突变体验证其功能,为研究SUT5基因的功能提供理论依据.[方法]以甘蔗品种桂糖28(GT28)未成熟茎cDNA为模板,采用RT-PCR从甘蔗中克隆SoSUT5基因,并进行生物信息学分析及构建系统发育进化树.采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测SoSUT5基因在甘蔗不同组织的表达情况,同时构建酵母表达载体并转化酵母突变体SUSY7/ura3进行基因功能验证.[结果]克隆获得的SoSUT5基因为1605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,GenBank登录号KF808328.SoSUT5蛋白的分子量和理论等电点(pI)分别为56.40 kD和8.36,具有12个跨膜结构,属于易化扩散载体(MFS)家族成员,也属于蔗糖/H+共转运体家族(GPH)成员.该蛋白具有保守的SUT蛋白功能域,是SUT5亚家族成员.在甘蔗生理成熟期,从成熟茎、花序、成熟芽和根中均能检测到SoSUT5基因表达,以在花序中的表达量最高,根次之,但在+1叶中检测不到.转pDR196空载体的酵母突变体SUSY7/ura3在以蔗糖为唯一碳源的MD培养基上不能生长,但转pDR-SoSUT5重组质粒的酵母突变体SUSY7/ura3能正常生长,说明SoSUT5蛋白具有蔗糖转运活性.[结论]SoSUT5基因编码蛋白具有转运蔗糖的生物学功能,在甘蔗蔗糖运输和积累过程中发挥调控作用.     

Cloning of a gene whose expression is increased in scrapie and in senile plaques in human brain

A complementary DNA library was constructed from messenger RNA's extracted from the brains of mice infected with the scrapie agent. The library was differentially screened with the objectives of finding clones that might be used as markers of infection and finding clones of genes whose increased expression might be correlated with the pathological changes common to scrapie and Alzheimer's disease. A gene was identified whose expression is increased in scrapie. The complementary DNA corresponding to this gene hybridized preferentially and focally to cells in the brains of scrapie-infected animals. The cloned DNA also hybridized to the neuritic plaques found with increased frequency in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.     

玉米蔗糖转运蛋白基因ZmSUT4克隆及其低温胁迫下的表达模式

[目的]克隆玉米蔗糖转运蛋白基因ZmSUT4,并明确其组织表达特性及在低温胁迫下的表达模式,为深入研究SUT4基因响应低温胁迫的作用机理提供理论依据.[方法]以玉米自交系黄早四幼苗为材料,采用RT-PCR克隆其ZmSUT4基因,分析其生物学信息,构建系统发育进化树,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测其组织表达特异性及低温胁迫(4℃)下不同组织中的表达模式.[结果]克隆获得的ZmSUT4基因(GenBank登录号MK541991)全长为1621 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1506 bp,编码501个氨基酸,编码蛋白的分子量53.36 kD,理论等电点(pI)8.84,具有12个跨膜结构,定位于细胞膜上,既属于易化扩散载体(MFS)家族成员,也属于蔗糖/H+共转运体(GPH)超家族成员,其中第25~447位氨基酸是MFS家族蛋白的保守结构域,第17~484位氨基酸是GPH超家族成员的蔗糖运转子保守结构域GPH-sucrose.ZmSUT4蛋白的氨基酸序列与单子叶植物SUT4蛋白同源性较高,为86%~96%,聚集在同一分支上;与双子叶植物SUT4蛋白同源性较低,为62%~65%,说明该类蛋白在不同物种间高度保守.ZmSUT4基因在玉米的根、茎和叶中均有表达,以根中的表达量最高,其次是叶,茎中的表达量最低.低温胁迫下,ZmSUT4基因在不同组织中表达量模式不同,根和叶中ZmSUT4基因表达量均在胁迫24 h达最大值,分别是低温胁迫前(0 h)表达量的2.21和2.62倍,茎中的ZmSUT4基因表达量在胁迫6 h达最大值,是低温胁迫前表达量的3.01倍.[结论]ZmSUT4基因受低温胁迫诱导表达,推测其是调控玉米响应低温胁迫的关键基因.     

甘蔗蔗糖转运蛋白SoSUT2基因克隆和表达分析

为分析甘蔗SUT家族基因新成员的序列特征和基因表达模式,采用cDNA末端快速克隆技术,以甘蔗GT28未成熟茎cDNA为模板克隆蔗糖转运蛋白基因,命名为SoSUT2-h1,GenBank登录号KF808330。该基因的cDNA序列全长为2 132bp,开放阅读框长1 749bp,编码582个氨基酸,预测分子量和等电点分别为61.80ku和6.17。SoSUT2-h1蛋白具有12个跨膜结构。该蛋白具有保守的蔗糖转运蛋白功能域,属于MFS蛋白家族和GPH(蔗糖/H+共转运体)超家族中的一员。荧光定量PCR表明在甘蔗叶、花序、芽、茎和根中都能检测到SoSUT2基因表达,其中在芽中表达量最高,花序次之,而在根中表达量最低。在甘蔗工艺成熟期,SoSUT2基因表达量与节间蔗糖含量呈正相关性,推测该基因可能参与调控甘蔗节间蔗糖的积累。     

烟草高亲和钾转运蛋白基因NtHAK5克隆及表达模式分析

【目的】克隆烟草高亲和钾转运蛋白基因（NtHAK5）,并分析其在不同非生物胁迫下的表达模式,为深入探究该基因在烟草抵御低钾胁迫等非生物胁迫中的功能和作用机制提供理论参考。【方法】从普通烟草K326中扩增NtHAK5基因编码区（CDS）序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析,并构建pBWA (V) HS-NtHAK5-GLosgfp融合表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转染烟草表皮细胞,观察荧光信号以确定蛋白的亚细胞定位情况。利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测NtHAK5基因在不同组织和不同非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性,以无胁迫处理（正常供钾2 mmol/L K+）的植株为对照（CK）。【结果】烟草NtHAK5基因CDS序列全长2418 bp,共编码805个氨基酸残基,其编码蛋白的分子量为89874.00 Da,理论等电点（pI）为8.65,属于稳定性疏水蛋白,含有HAK家族蛋白典型的跨膜结构域。NtHAK5基因的二级结构中α-螺旋占40.12%,延伸链占24.97%,无规则卷曲占26.21%,β-折叠占8.70%。NtHAK5蛋白与烟草NtHAK1和黄花烟草NrHAK1蛋白的氨基酸相似性分别为40.69%和40.44%,与拟南芥AtHAK5相似性最高,为58.26%。NtHAK5基因启动子含有厌氧、低温、干旱、脱落酸（ABA）、茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）响应的相关顺式作用元件。NtHAK5蛋白定位在细胞膜上。低钾胁迫处理下和正常供钾（CK）条件下,NtHAK5基因在根、茎、老叶和新叶中均有表达,且均以老叶中相对表达量最高。NtHAK5基因在干旱胁迫、冷害处理、盐胁迫和低钾胁迫下的相对表达量显著高于CK （P<0.05）,但在低氮和低磷条件下的相对表达量与CK无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】 NtHAK5基因属于HAK基因家族成员,具有明显组织表达特异性,参与烟草植株对干旱胁迫、冷害胁迫、盐胁迫和低钾胁迫等非生物胁迫响应,推测其编码的蛋白在烟草组织中作为K+转运体参与非生物胁迫下K+的吸收、转运和再利用。     

Cloning of first abc transporter encoding gene from Trichoderma spp. and its expression during stress and mycoparasitism

Trichoderma in its natural environment competes for nutrient uptake and is required to protect itself from adverse natural toxic compounds, such as those produced by plants and other microbes in the soil community, or synthetic toxic compounds released human activity. One of the most important metabolic pathways for drug resistance and substrate uptake, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is ATP dependent. The role of ABC transporter proteins in the biology of Trichoderma is still not kno…     

刺五加多向耐药性转运蛋白基因的克隆及其表达对皂苷含量的影响

利用简并引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增获得长度为693 bp的刺五加(Eleutherococcus senticosus)多向耐药性(pleiotropic drug resistance,PDR)转运蛋白基因,GenBank登录号为KC473536,其编码的231个氨基酸的蛋白属于PDR转运蛋白的核苷酸结合结构域。氨基酸序列与毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa)、蓖麻(Ricinus communis)和水稻(Oryza sativa)的PDR氨基酸序列一致性分别为8874%,9004%和8831%。RT PCR法检测PDR在刺五加不同生长发育时期和不同器官中表达情况和分光光度法测定刺五加总皂苷含量的结果显示: 刺五加PDR基因在整个生长期中均有表达,与皂苷在整个生长期中均有合成的特点相符,但两者的相关性未达显著水平。PDR基因在叶片和叶柄中高表达的特点与刺五加皂苷仅存在于叶中的特点相符,两者间存在显著的正相关关系(P<005)。     

一个植物原纤维蛋白基因的克隆及其表达特性分析

植物原纤维蛋白(fibrillin, FBN)作为一大类保守的蛋白,广泛分布于植物界,但其在本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)中的生物学特性和功能迄今尚不清楚。为了分析其表达特性和功能,采用RT-PCR技术从本氏烟中扩增并克隆了1个FBN基因(NbFBN)。进化树分析显示,NbFBN和拟南芥FBN1a、FBN1b的亲缘关系较近;同源分析表明,它与不同植物来源的FBN基因高度同源,其C-端部分尤为保守。定量分析发现,NbPAP在叶片和花中的表达水平较高,同时发现该基因受到干旱胁迫和激素ABA的诱导,表明该基因可能参与非生物逆境响应过程。     

链丝菌素生物合成基因簇的克隆及其异源表达

通过基因组粘粒文库的高通量接合转移、异源表达和生物活性测定,结合DNA序列测定,从刺孢吸水链霉菌AA97026中筛选具有广谱抗菌活性的小分子化合物及其生物合成基因簇,获得1个对革兰氏阳性细菌和红酵母均有抑制活性的阳性克隆1H5,其部分DNA序列与链丝菌素生物合成基因相似。含1H5的异源链霉菌宿主的发酵液均能检测到链丝菌素的不同组份,表明1H5含有完整的链丝菌素生物合成基因簇。     

Cloning and expression of a Xenopus embryonic gap junction protein

Gap junctions in the early amphibian embryo may play a fundamental role in the regulation of differentiation by mediating the cell-to-cell transfer of chemical signals. A complementary DNA encoding a gap junction present in Xenopus oocytes and early embryos has now been cloned and sequenced. This protein sequence is homologous to the well-characterized gap junction structural proteins rat connexin32 and connexin43. RNA blot analysis of total Xenopus oocyte RNA showed hybridization to a single 1.6-kilobase band. This messenger RNA is abundant in oocytes, decreases to levels below the sensitivity of our assay by stage 15 (18 hours), and is not detectable in RNA from a number of adult organs. To confirm that the oocyte cDNA encodes a gap junction channel, the protein was over expressed in Xenopus oocytes by injection of RNA synthesized in vitro. Pairs of RNA-injected oocytes formed many more time- and voltage-sensitive cell-cell channels than water-injected pairs.     

Nerve growth factor gene expression in the developing rat brain

The regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and NGF messenger RNA (mRNA) in the developing rat brain has been studied to assess the hypothesis that NGF supports the differentiation of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. In the adult, the major targets of these neurons, the hippocampus and neocortex, contain the highest concentrations of NGF mRNA, but comparatively low ratios of NGF protein to its mRNA. In contrast, a high concentration of NGF protein and a low concentration of NGF mRNA were seen in the basal forebrain, consistent with retrograde transport of NGF protein into this region from the neocortex and hippocampus. In these two target regions NGF and NGF mRNA were barely detectable at birth, their concentrations increased to a peak at day 21, and then NGF mRNA, but not NGF protein, declined threefold by day 35. NGF accumulation in the basal forebrain paralleled that in the target regions and preceded an increase in choline acetyltransferase, suggesting that the differentiation of cholinergic projection neurons is indeed regulated by retrogradely transported NGF. In addition, high ratios of NGF protein to NGF mRNA, comparable to that in the basal forebrain, were seen in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, suggesting that NGF may be transported into these regions by unidentified neurons.     

玉米CIPK3蛋白激酶的克隆及表达分析

利用同源克隆的方法从玉米中获得1个可能编码CIPK的基因ZmCIPK3.ZmCIPK3包括CIPK家族的特征性结构域:N端的蛋白激酶结构域和C端的调节结构域NAF.序列分析表明ZmCIPK3的开放阅读框有1 323个碱基组成,编码440个氨基酸的多肽.表达分析表明ZmCIPK3受各种信号诱导,比如干旱、低温、NaCl和ABA.研究表明Ca2+促进ZmCIPK3的表达,而且Ca2+通道阻断剂(LaCl3)及Ca2+螯合剂(EDTA)能够部分降低这种促进效应.这些结论表明,ZmCIPK3可能属于逆境(或者ABA)胁迫基因,第2信使Ca2+调控其在逆境胁迫下的表达.