南瓜蚜传黄化病毒甜瓜分离物的侵染性克隆构建

 南瓜蚜传黄化病毒(cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus,CABYV)近年来发生普遍,严重威胁甜瓜的生产。前期构建了一个CABYV丝瓜分离物(CABYV-QY)的侵染性克隆,但其在甜瓜中的侵染率偏低,不宜用于甜瓜接种。本研究以CABYV甜瓜分离物CABYV-WS为研究对象,通过RT-PCR扩增、拼接获得全基因组序列,通过构建全长基因组cDNA克隆,分析其侵染性。结果显示,该分离物基因组全长为5682 nt,与CABYV-QY(MT943520)的核苷酸序列一致性为88.61%~100.00%,氨基酸为84.94%~100.00%。将cDNA克隆接种分析,发现所用的8个甜瓜品种均能被系统侵染并引起典型的黄化症状,侵染率为70%~100%。其中,甜瓜品种‘新密杂11号’和‘新密25号’感病性较强,接种CABYV后发病周期短且侵染率可达100%。CABYV侵染性克隆的成功构建有助于该病毒的分子致病性和寄主的抗病性等研究。     

南瓜蚜传黄化病毒湖北和云南分离物的部分序列分析

 本研究从带有黄化症状的南瓜叶片中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增得到来自湖北和云南的南瓜蚜传黄化病毒(CABYV)2个分离物的1375nt特异性核苷酸片段。分别将PCR产物插入到克隆载体pMD19-T并转化大肠杆菌DH5α,对筛选到的阳性克隆进行了序列测定和分析(GenBank登录号为EF488996和EF488997)。所获片段含有部分复制酶基因576nt,非编码区199nt和完整的CP基因600nt,编码一个由199个氨基酸组成的分子量约为22kDa的结构蛋白。湖北和云南分离物与法国分离物、意大利分离物、西班牙分离物、北京分离物和上海分离物的CP基因核苷酸序列和推测氨基酸序列的同源性分别为93.1%~98.5%和91.4%~98.5%。     

北京地区辣椒上黄瓜花叶病毒和甜菜西方黄化病毒复合侵染的分子鉴定

辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜和经济作物,受多种病毒危害。2014年在北京市顺义区调查时发现部分种植的辣椒植株上叶片大面积黄化,边缘症状明显,个别植株叶片轻微上卷。提取典型症状样品的总RNA,反转录得到cDNA,分别用黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属(Polerovirus)通用引物进行PCR检测,CMV特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属通用引物分别扩增得到约650bp和1 400bp的特异条带。测序和核苷酸序列比对表明,其分别与CMV和甜菜西方黄化病毒(Beet western yellows virus,BWYV)序列同源性最高为99%和96%。这是对我国种植的辣椒上发生的CMV和BWYV复合侵染的首次报道。     

草莓镶脉病毒侵染性克隆的构建

 利用草莓镶脉病毒(Strawberry vein banding virus, SVBV)全长克隆pSVBV-E3构建SVBV侵染性克隆。pSVBV-E3经限制性内切酶酶切分别获得0.5-mer SVBV和1.0-mer SVBV,依次正向插入植物表达载体pBINPLUS,成功构建侵染性克隆重组质粒pBIN-1.5SVBV。pBIN-1.5SVBV转化农杆菌,分别接种森林草莓(Fragaria vesca)和4种烟草属植物(Nico-tiana spp.)验证其侵染性。结果表明,SVBV侵染性克隆接种森林草莓8周后发病,表现出典型的叶脉镶边黄化症状,PCR法可以从显症森林草莓中检测出SVBV cp基因,Southern blot法可以检测出SVBV基因组。而接种4种烟草属植物8周后未观察到发病症状,PCR法也未检测出SVBV cp基因。构建的SVBV侵染性克隆经接种验证能够侵染森林草莓,为进一步研究SVBV侵染森林草莓的致病机制奠定了基础。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒自然侵染南瓜及分子进化分析

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)可侵染多种瓜类,主要危害叶片,影响其光合作用,导致减产.采集湖南省南瓜疑似病毒病样品经siRNA测序发现CCYV,进一步RT-PCR验证CCYV可自然侵染南瓜,检出率为5.78％,这是我国内地首次发现CCYV可自然侵染南瓜.持...     

侵染扶桑和棉花的木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒侵染性克隆构建及致病性测定

从广东广州扶桑和广西南宁棉花中分离得到木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCuMV)的2个分离物GD37和GX01,序列分析表明两分离物的基因组全序列同源性为99.4%,卫星分子序列同源性为99.2%。构建了GD37和GX01的侵染性克隆,农杆菌接种表明CLCuMV GD37能侵染本氏烟、心叶烟、三生烟、普通烟,GD37和GD37β共同接种产生叶片下卷、植株矮化等症状,但不能侵染棉花、番茄、矮牵牛;而分离自棉花的CLCuMV GX01能够侵染本氏烟,GX01和GX01β共同接种在本氏烟上产生叶片下卷皱缩等症状,但不能侵染棉花。Southern-blot结果表明在GD37单独侵染或与GD37β共同侵染的植株中均能检测到相应DNA分子的积累。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒北京分离物侵染性克隆的构建与其致病性

为明确番茄黄化曲叶病毒北京分离物（Beijing isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV-BJ）致病性的强弱,以感染TYLCV-BJ的番茄叶片DNA为模板PCR扩增获得该分离物基因组全长序列,并构建该分离物的侵染性克隆,将其分别接种到番茄、烟草和拟南芥植株上,比较该分离物和TYLCV上海分离物2(TYLCV-Shanghai 2,TYLCV-SH2)致病性的差异。结果显示,该分离物基因组全长序列同TYLCV-SH2的相似度为99.03%,在番茄和烟草植株上TYLCV-BJ比TYLCV-SH2发病更早,症状更重,TYLCV DNA和外壳蛋白积累量更高。TYLCV-BJ可以通过农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens注射法在拟南芥中复制和系统侵染,而TYLCV-SH2不能有效侵染拟南芥。表明TYLCV-BJ的致病性强于TYLCV-SH2,所建立的侵染性克隆有广泛的研究和应用价值。     

携带eGFP的ZYMV侵染性克隆的构建及其侵染性

 小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)是瓜类作物主要病毒之一,严重威胁瓜类产业的可持续发展。本研究在ZYMV 甜瓜分离物CH-87侵染性克隆基础上,利用同源重组策略在NIb和CP编码序列之间插入了eGFP,命名为pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP。将pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP转化农杆菌并接种西瓜和甜瓜,结果发现pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP可以系统侵染西瓜和甜瓜,引起典型的花叶症状,在紫外灯下发病植株呈现绿色荧光。经摩擦接种证实,该克隆接种后所产生的病毒子代可以稳定的传播繁殖。研究表明携带eGFP的ZYMV侵染性克隆成功构建,可用于该病毒致病性及病毒与寄主互作的相关研究。     

南瓜蚜传黄化病毒遗传多样性分析

哈密瓜是新疆重要的经济作物之一.南瓜蚜传黄化病毒(cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus,CABYV)是世界重要的瓜类黄化病毒,在新疆哈密瓜植株上普遍发生,严重威胁新疆哈密瓜的品质与产量.本研究从新疆阿克苏市随机采集120份哈密瓜叶片样品,经过RT-PCR检测证实38个样品为CABYV阳性...     

A new yellowing disease of cucurbits caused by a luteovirus, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus

Since 1988, a yellowing disease of melon, cucumber and zucchini squash has been frequently observed in summer and autumn crops in France. Infected plants show yellowing and thickening of the older leaves; symptom intensity differs depending upon cultivar and season, and can be easily overlooked when plants are already infected by mosaic-inducing viruses or other pathogens. The disease is associated with the presence of a virus with spherical particles c. 25 nm in diameter, which is readily transmitted in a persistent manner by the aphids Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii , but not mechanically. Serological analysis, nucleic-acid-hybridization experiments and host-range studies indicate that the virus is distantly related to, but distinct from, beet western yellows virus (BWYV). We propose to name this virus cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), and to consider it as a tentative new member of the luteovirus group. CABYV was found to reduce significantly the yields of melon and cucumber by decreasing the number of fruit per plant but not by altering the fruit shape or quality. Preliminary investigations of the epidemiology of CABYV indicate that the virus is common in weeds and in cultivated cucurbits. CABYV was frequently detected in various regions of France, suggesting that it is one of the most prevalent viruses infecting cucurbits in this country.     

The recombinant isolate of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus from Brazil is a polerovirus transmitted by whiteflies

The severe yellowing disease (amarelão) on melon plants is a serious problem in Brazil, although the causative agent remained unknown for a long time. Recently, recombinant isolates of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) were reported as the possible causative agents of this disease on melon plants. Although aphids are known to be the vectors of the common type of CABYV isolates, almost no aphid colony was observed in the major melon fields in Brazil with high incidence of the severe yellowing disease. In contrast, whiteflies are often abundant. Based on this observation, the hypothesis of the transmission of recombinant CABYV by whiteflies was evaluated. After thorough transmission experiments, we found that this recombinant CABYV isolate was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, but not by Aphis gossipii. Furthermore, the host response by whitefly-based inoculation in cucurbits and other indicator plants showed differences in host range when compared to the common type of CABYV. Due to its transmissibility by the whitefly and the distant relationship of the P3/P5 protein to CABYV, the name “cucurbit whitefly-borne yellows virus” is proposed for this recombinant CABYV. This is the second report of polerovirus transmission by the whitefly B. tabaci, following the report of pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus.     

Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of Chrysanthemum virus B

An infectious full-length cDNA clone of Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB, genus Carlavirus), was constructed. Four cDNA fragments covering the whole genome of CVB-S were cloned between the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator. Chrysanthemum and garland chrysanthemum were inoculated with the constructed plasmid, named pCVB, using a gene gun system. As is the case in wild-type, CVB-infected plants, no visible symptoms were observed on plants inoculated with pCVB; however, western blotting and electron microscopy indicated the presence of the progeny virus of pCVB. pCVB could be a useful tool for analyzing the functions of carlaviral proteins.     

Aphid-borne viruses infecting cultivated watermelon and squash in Spain: Characterization of a variant of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV)

Aphid-borne viruses are responsible for major cucurbit diseases and hamper the sustainability of crop production. Systematic monitoring can reveal the occurrence and distribution of these viruses, in addition to unadvertised viruses, facilitating the control of diseases. For three consecutive (2018–2020) seasons, the presence of aphid-borne viruses was monitored from a total of 292 samples of watermelon and squash plants that showed yellowing symptoms in three major cucurbit-producing areas (Castilla La-Mancha, Alicante, and Murcia) in Spain. We observed that cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was the most common virus found (29%) in the plants from both crops. Likewise, except for squash samples from Castilla La-Mancha and Alicante, watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was also found (23%) with a relatively high frequency. Furthermore, we observed the exacerbation of bright yellowing symptoms in watermelon plants that was often accompanied by considerable fruit abortion. CABYV was the only causative agent for this new yellowing disease, and two infectious cDNA clones (one from watermelon, CABYV-LP63, and another from melon, CABYV-MEC12.1) were constructed to further compare and characterize this CABYV disease. Based on the full-length genome, both isolates were grouped phylogenetically together within the Mediterranean clade. However, the Koch's postulates tests were only successfully completed for the LP63 isolate, which also showed several amino acid changes and two potential recombination events, as compared to MEC12.1. Remarkably, the LP63 isolate caused more severe symptoms and showed higher RNA accumulation than MEC12.1 in five cucurbit plant species. These results suggest that a novel CABYV variant that causes severe yellowing symptoms may be causing outbreaks in cucurbit crops.     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒外壳蛋白的亚细胞定位及致病作用浅析

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV)是近些年来出现的一种烟粉虱 Bemisia tabaci传播的植物病毒,在瓜类生产中造成了严重损失。为了解该病毒外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)在病毒侵染寄主过程中的亚细胞定位和致病作用,本研究以CCYV山东黄瓜分离物为研究对象,构建了荧光表达载体CP-YFP和异源表达载体pGR-CP。浸润荧光表达载体48 h后的本氏烟Nicotiana benthamiana叶片在激光共聚焦显微镜下可以观察到荧光信号在细胞质和细胞核内均有分布;浸润异源表达载体的本氏烟植株7 d后上部叶片开始显现花叶症状,13 d后顶部新叶出现严重皱缩和坏死斑点。以上结果表明CCYV CP蛋白参与了病毒对寄主的侵染过程,可能是症状形成的致病相关因子。本研究为进一步解析该病毒的致病机理提供了初步的理论支持。