黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业管理探讨

增殖渔业的管理与水生自然鱼类种群的管理大同小异。对于增殖渔业来说，每年的放流量是一个可控变量，另有购买放流种苗、暂养、计数和控制放流日期对增殖效果至关重要，这些均属管理范围。本文仅讨论黄海北部中国对虾增殖渔业放流个体入海后到渔汛结束的管理问题，分一般性保护和管理策略两个部分。 一、一般性保护 一般性保护指的是防止放流个体入海后到开捕期这个时段内的人为损害，时间是从６月初放流时开始到开捕期８月２０日左右，前后约８０天，根据放流虾生长特性和栖息水域不同划分为前期管理和后期管理。 １．前期管理 前期管理是…     

放流增殖中的政策问题

放流增殖中的政策问题刘锡山，孟庆祥（辽宁省海洋渔业开发中心，大连１１６０１５）关键词：放流，增殖，政策理论上认为，渔业资源增殖能恢复已衰败的种群，增加种群数量和重建渔业，国内外已报导过少量实例。一个成功的渔业资源增殖，并能长期运行，需要有相应的科学研...     

50多亿尾海洋经济生物放入辽宁沿海

近年来,辽宁省各地渔业部门往大海里放生生物、增殖放流苗种等公益活动被广大老百姓津津乐道,称之为积德行善之举,受到社会各界广泛关注和支持。特别是今年6月1日,中央电视台分二个时段对辽宁省盖州光辉渔港的中国对虾增殖放流过程进行了现场直播,最大范围地提高了增殖放流事业的影响力和透明度。海洋生物增殖放流,是将人工培育的水产苗种投入到大海中,来实现增加海域生物资源量或种群数量的方式。增殖放流事业是解决渔业资源衰退,减缓     

辽宁省渔业增殖放流产业化研究

转变渔业增长方式,推进辽宁省渔业增殖放流产业化,是辽宁渔业实现可持续发展的战略选择。本文分析了增殖放流产业化发展理论含义和法律依据以及辽宁省推进增殖放流产业化的基础条件,提出推进辽宁增殖放流产业化发展的对策建议,即政府加大对人工增殖放流的投入和引导、加强对人工增殖放流的监督管理、加强对人工增殖放流产业化理论和实践研究、辽宁的渔业增殖放流产业化模式选择。     

中国渔业增殖放流问题及对策研究

正增殖放流是推动渔业资源恢复的有力措施,可有效保护鱼类种群,促进水域生态平衡以及渔业资源尽快恢复,满足人们对水产品的需求。文章总结了建国以来中国渔业增殖放流活动的进展和现状,指出目前我国增殖放流活动存在放流效果评估不充分、忽视放流物种对当地生态环境影响、群众动员工作不到位等问题,借鉴国外增殖放流实践和经验,提出我国增殖放流活动对策建议。     

三峡库区万县段渔业资源调查及保护增殖措施

根据三峡库区万县段渔业生态环境条件及渔获物分析,提出了选择合理渔法,限制网目规格,建立禁渔区,禁渔期,治理渔业水域污染,建立人工放流站和加强渔业行政执法等渔业资源的保护与增殖措施。     

广西南丹开展渔业增殖活动,改善水域生态环境

<正>日前,南丹县在吾隘镇红水河畔开展渔业增殖放流活动。这次活动是县水产畜牧兽医局争取到河池市2016年国内渔业油价补贴调整项目渔业资源增殖放流项目的支持,从南宁购买了24万尾鱼苗,有草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼等适宜开展渔业增殖的品种。县水产畜牧兽医局在增殖放流前将准备放流的品种、规格等相关事宜进行了公示,在放流的当天张贴了禁渔通告。在增殖放流现场会上,县水产畜牧兽医局要求渔民群众遵守渔业法,在增殖放流后的一个月内严     

山东省副省长陈延明在文登中国对虾放流现场指出——让大海休养生息提高放流试验成功率

山东省副省长陈延明6月下旬在省海洋与渔业厅等有关部门负责同志的陪同下,到文登市小观海洋水产资源增殖站视察对虾增殖放流和地方资源增殖工作。陈副省长认真察看了对虾放流现场,还亲自登船放流中国对虾。陈延明同志对于海洋渔业资源增殖放流工作给予充分肯定。他说,近几年增殖放流的效果是明显的。放流品种和数量不断增加,回捕产量逐渐提高,取得了较好的经济、社会和生态效益。每年安排六七千艘渔船参与回捕对虾,开辟了新的生产门路,对维护渔区稳定做出了较大贡献。陈延明强调指出：目前要着力解决好海洋渔业资源枯竭和渔业可持续…     

省水产科学研究院对全省水生经济物种放流进行标记标示

河南省自2005年开始已连续5年在河南境内四大流域水体进行多批次的渔业增殖放流。增殖放流效果如何，如何进行增殖放流效果评估，日益受到各部门的关注。2009年河南省水产科学研究院受河南省渔政渔船监督检验管理局委托．对河南省水生经济物种放流效果进行评估．采用目前国际上通用的大型水生动物放流荧光色素标记法和注射式电子标签两种标记方法．进行跟踪监测评估放流效果。     

放流种的选择

发展渔业资源增殖，首先要解决的问题是选择放流种。我国自20世纪60年代开始实施河蟹（中华绒螯蟹）增殖以来，先后开展了太湖银鱼、中国对虾和海蜇等的增殖，虽取得了明显效果，却一直没有关于如何选择放流种的研究报告，在中国对虾增殖实施12年之后，仅有为何选择中国对虾进行放流的评述。本文以渤海为例，探讨在发展渔业资源增殖时，如何选择放流种的问题。     

中国海洋伏季休渔制度研究

自1995年开始,中国正式实施东海、黄海伏季休渔制度,继而扩大至南海,其覆盖面之广和影响力之大是显而易见的。迄今为止,伏季休渔制度已成为中国最有成效的渔业管理措施之一,并为渔业可持续发展起着极其重要的作用。基于中国伏季休渔制度演进及其特征分析,从生物学、生态学、经济学和社会学角度,对伏季休渔制度成效及问题进行分析,并提出了加大渔业资源科学调查投入、合理调整渔业结构、加强宣传教育等一系列完善伏季休渔制度的政策性建议。     

Wealth and welfare? Can fisheries management succeed in achieving multiple objectives? A case study of Lake Victoria,East Africa

Fisheries policies often pursue multiple objectives, which may, in some instances, be in conflict or competition with each other. It may not be possible, for example, to create or maintain employment and generate increasing volumes of revenue for government whilst also sustaining stocks and biodiversity. Two approaches to fisheries management, one focused on capturing wealth and limiting access and the other on maintaining access for employment and providing community development and welfare, present contrasting policy advice, with different points of emphases and objectives. This article examines the case of Lake Victoria, where the three main commercial fisheries are seen to contribute to different objectives for the lake's fisheries. Insights from the debate between wealth‐based and welfare‐based approaches to fisheries management provide a framework for the analysis of fisheries policy and practice on the lake. From the analysis, it is concluded that whilst there is much rhetoric in support of a wealth‐based approach, this has not been followed through in implementation, reflecting the lack of political support for new taxation and limiting access. The welfare functions of the fisheries are significant, but could be substantially strengthened through greater investment in the provision of services to fisheries communities. The approaches are not mutually exclusive, but pursuing wealth‐based management must support livelihoods, employment and development, as well as fisheries management objectives. Without the incorporation of welfare objectives, fisheries policies will not be politically accepted or fully implemented, suggesting the need for a balance between wealth and welfare objectives and measures.     

西藏鱼类增殖放流初报

西藏土著鱼类生长缓慢、性成熟晚并对环境变化高度敏感。近年来,受过度捕捞、水利工程建设等人类活动的影响,西藏渔业资源面临越来越大的压力。开展增殖放流活动是恢复当地渔业资源和生态平衡的重要手段。本文介绍了西藏鱼类增殖放流概况、苗种来源、放流实施、效果评估情况,分析了目前存在的基础研究不足、苗种来源不稳定、缺乏技术规范、效果评估有待加强等问题。提出了加强增殖放流基础设施建设和基础理论研究、建立西藏鱼类增殖放流与效果评估技术规范、重视放流后的管理与评估工作、加强专业技术人才队伍建设的建议。     

简单渔业生物经济动力学模型的稳定性分析

在一个简单渔业生物经济模型的基础上,研究了该模型在有效平衡点附近位置的局部稳定性。模型中考虑了资源生长和捕捞努力量随时间、资源量、价格等因素的变化,通过该非线性模型在平衡点附近的扰动方程,对其局部稳定性进行了分析,并给出了数值分析的结果。研究表明,模型在平衡点附近的局域是稳定的。该项工作对于分析渔业生物经济系统的特征,揭示模型中各因素之间的相互关系和指导渔业政策的制定等,有一定的借鉴意义。     

Policy needs to improve marine capture fisheries management and to define a role for marine protected areas in Indonesia

Abstract  Management of Indonesia's marine capture fisheries faces a huge dilemma: evidence suggests that most, if not all, of Indonesia's capture fisheries are fully or overexploited, but the fishery sector is still expected to contribute to the increase of Indonesia's gross national product (GNP) through an increase in total catches. Furthermore, the current practice of using catch-effort data and Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) models to inform Indonesia's fisheries policies is flawed, putting sustainability and long-term profitability of Indonesia's fisheries at risk. It is argued that the following shift in capture fisheries management policy must be achieved to ensure the survival of Indonesia's fish stocks and fisheries:
1  a shift in fisheries policy from development-oriented management towards management for sustainability;
2  acceptance by fisheries managers that 'untapped resources' may not exist or cannot be exploited profitably;
3  acceptance by fisheries managers that any transfer of fishing effort between fishing grounds may contribute to collapse of local fisheries;
4  a shift in fisheries management from MSY models to eco-system based management, wherein Marine Protected Areas should play an important role.     

福建省海洋渔业经济科学发展的思路

本文分析了近年来福建省海洋渔业经济持续发展及海洋渔业产业结构变化的发展现状，指出在海洋渔业经济发展中，存在海洋渔业资源的衰退局面还未得到有效遏止和海水养殖业发展中存在制约因素等问题，提出大力发展高科技集约化海水鱼类养殖、实施海洋捕捞业从“量增长”转为“质增长”战略、实施“走出去”稳步扩大远洋渔业规模战略、发展休闲渔业开创渔区经济新的增长点等解决问题的对策及科学发展的思路。     

Modelling angler behaviour as a part of the management system: synthesizing a multi‐disciplinary literature

It is often said that managing fisheries is managing people. This truism implies that fisheries science inherently involves disciplines that focus on fish and their population dynamics, humans and their behaviour, and policy and decision making. This is particularly true for recreational fisheries, where the human behavioural motivation and human response to management actions may be more difficult to predict than in commercial fisheries. We provide a synthesis of the multi‐disciplinary literature on modelling recreational angler behaviour to inform management of recreational fisheries. We begin by defining the recreational fisheries system in an interdisciplinary manner. We then assess the literature for empirical evidence of disciplinary crossover. Using bibliometric data, we provide evidence that there is little disciplinary crossover, particularly between fisheries biology, including applied ecology, and quantitative social science, including economics. We identify critical barriers to disciplinary crossover, such as database indexing issues and nomenclature. Next, we provide a review of critical contributions to the literature, and locate these contributions within our interdisciplinary conceptualization of the recreational fisheries system. This synthesis is intended to be a cross‐disciplinary bridge to facilitate access to the broader literature on modelling angler behaviour, with the ultimate goal of improving recreational fisheries management.     

关于改善我国海洋渔业统计制度的建议

可靠的渔业统计制度是渔业管理决策最重要的基础支撑,也是渔业监督管理的重要依据和手段。文章扼要地介绍了《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和文件对渔业统计的基本要求、有关国家和我国的渔业统计制度,指出了我国层层上报的全面渔业统计方式已不能适应当前渔业经济体制和管理需求、渔业统计指标体系不完整、难以全面反映渔业实际、统计监督和数据核实制度存在不足、渔业统计数据信息化滞后等问题。建议:(1)严格执行《渔业法》明确规定的捕捞日志制度;(2)规定渔获物只能在限定港口卸载,建立渔获物上报与统计监督制度;(3)逐步实行随船观察员制度;(4)完善立法,提供法律支撑和保障。     

Social harvest control rules for sustainable fisheries

Fisheries are supposed to be for the benefit of society, producing food, providing livelihoods and enabling cultural continuity. Biological productivity goals for fish stocks operationalised through Harvest Control Rules (HCRs) are central to contemporary fisheries management. While fisheries policies often state socio-economic objectives, such as enhancing the livelihoods of coastal communities, those are rarely, if ever, incorporated into operationalised management procedures. The lack of articulation of social objectives and lack of monitoring of social outcomes around HCRs amounts to poor public policy. In this article, we explore the potential for social HCRs (sHCRs) with reference points and agreed predefined actions to make the social dimensions of fisheries explicit. sHCRs cannot cover all social dimensions, so should be considered as one tool within a broader framework of fisheries governance. Moreover, successful sHCRs would require sound deliberative and participatory processes to generate legitimate social objectives, and monitoring and evaluation of fisheries management performance against those objectives. We introduce two potential types of sHCRs, one based on allocation of catch within biological limit reference points, and one for when fishing exceeds biological limit reference points. The application of sHCRs, we argue, can foster accountability and help avoid non-transparent negotiations on size and distribution of the catch. Our proposal is a call to action for policy makers and fisheries managers to properly integrate social criteria into fisheries governance, and for both biophysical fisheries scientists and social scientists to do better in practical collaboration for methods and knowledge development to support this integration.     

Y型幼鱼释放装置在张网渔具中的应用初探

近年来,张网渔具渔获中幼鱼比重大的问题突出,而使用放大网目等传统手段在一些场合下并不适用。本研究设计制作了一种新型刚性幼鱼释放装置,该装置由3个框架组合构成、框架使用铰链连接、外型呈Y型,并通过2014年冬季海上测试,分析这一装置对幼鱼的释放效果。海上对比试验结果显示,安装于张网囊头网部、不锈钢材料、栅栏间距2 cm、分隔框架与来流方向呈60°的装置能释放90%的幼鱼并同时保留大部分大个体渔获。该Y型幼鱼释放装置角度可调等特点使其功能得以扩展、适用性增大,可为今后开展过滤性渔具幼鱼释放研究提供参考。