乳固形物浓度对新鲜软质干酪凝乳效果的影响

本研究以脱脂牛奶为原料制成的非成熟型新鲜软质干酪,其风味柔和、清淡,易被我国消费者接受;同时对乳固形物浓度对新鲜软质干酪凝乳效果及干酪品质的影响进行了研究,结果表明,随着乳固形物浓度的增加,凝乳时间延长,干酪口感粗糙变硬,乳清OD500值先降后升。     

新鲜软质干酪制作过程中乳固形物浓度对其凝乳效果的影响

本文所研究的新鲜软质干酪是一种以脱脂牛奶为原料制成的非成熟型干酪。其风味柔和、清淡,易被我国消费者接受。本文对乳固形物浓度对新鲜软质干酪凝乳效果及干酪品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：随着乳固形物浓度的增加,凝乳时间延长,口感粗糙变硬,乳清OD值先降后升。     

添加鱼蛋白粉对乳清干酪品质的影响

以乳清浓缩蛋白液为原料,将质量分数为0.4％、0.8％和1.2％的鱼蛋白粉加入乳清浓缩液中生产乳清干酪,探究鱼蛋白粉添加量的不同对乳清干酪的产率,消化率及质构特性的影响.结果表明,产品的产率随着鱼蛋白粉添加量的增加而增加,明显改善了干酪的质构特性和干酪消化率,为了提高乳清干酪品质,可以添加1.2％鱼蛋白粉.     

乳清干酪产品加工现状

为了解决干酪副产物综合利用问题,丰富干酪市场,本文对乳清干酪的加工进行阐述.介绍乳清干酪来源,各国乳清干酪的分类、营养价值,生产工艺及加热、酸化pH值、乳清浓缩方法、添加奶(鲜奶、脱脂奶、半脱脂或奶酪等)、发酵剂、非乳品蛋白质等因素对产品质地的影响.     

瑞士干酪生产工艺研究

以新鲜牛乳为主要原料,根据瑞士干酪的生产工艺,采用L9(34)正交试验的方法,研究了不同切割尺寸、发酵剂添加比例、发酵剂添加量、发酵温度和切割pH值对瑞士干酪色泽、滋气味和组织状态的影响,确定了生产瑞士干酪的最佳工艺条件为发酵剂添加量0.02%(质量分数),凝块切割尺寸0.6cm,切割pH值6.60,发酵剂(唾液链球菌嗜热亚种:瑞士乳杆菌:谢氏丙酸杆菌)添加比例2:2:1,发酵剂添加量为0.02%(质量分数),发酵温度37℃.     

瑞士干酪生产工艺研究

本文以新鲜牛乳为主要原料,根据瑞士干酪的生产工艺,采用L<,9>(3<'4>)正交试验的方法,研究了不同切割尺寸、发酵剂添加量和添加比例、发酵温度和切割pH值对瑞士干酪色泽、滋气味和组织状态的影响,确定了生产瑞士干酪的最佳工艺条件为发酵剂添加量0.02%(质量分数),凝块切割尺寸0.6cm,切割pH值6.60,发酵剂(唾液链球菌嗜热亚种:瑞士乳杆菌:谢氏丙酸杆菌)添加比例2:2:1,发酵温度37℃.     

不同类型干酪质构和流变学特性对比分析

采用型物性分析仪和流变仪对5种不同硬度干酪(3种硬质和2种软质干酪)的质构和流变学特性进行比较分析.结果表明:硬质和软质干酪在理化特性(pH值、水分含量、水分活度)方面存在显著差异(P＜0.05);硬质于酪的硬度显著高于软质干酪;流变动态分析显示5种干酪均表现出固态物质的特性,且流变学特性依赖于振动频率.软质和硬质干酪之间黏弹性模量的不同可能归结于其水分含量和蛋白质水解程度的不同;从质构和流变学角度看,硬质和软质干酪之间存在显著差异.通过测定0.1～75Hz频率区间内的黏弹性可以用来区分出5种不同的干酪.     

植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响

研究3种植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响,从而选出1种最佳的植物蛋白.从3种干酪的凝乳特性(凝乳时间、凝乳强度、乳清OD值)和干酪凝块的质构特性(弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性)2方面进行对比分析,并对干酪凝块的感官品质进行模糊评判.结果表明:添加豌豆蛋白制得的干酪品质优于其他两种.     

蒙古干酪生产工艺研究

以鲜牛乳为原料,根据蒙古干酪的生产工艺,采用L9(34)正交实验的方法,研究了不同灭菌条件、发酵剂添加量、捶捣切割pH值和热烫温度对蒙古干酪蛋白利用率、干酪品质的影响,确定了生产蒙古干酪的最佳工艺条件为63℃/30min的灭菌条件,发酵剂添加量为2.5%(v/v),捶捣切割pH值为4.8,热烫温度为47℃.     

新鲜软质干酪加工工艺探讨

新鲜软质干酪是以一种以脱脂牛奶为原料制成的非成熟型干酪。与普通成熟干酪相比,新鲜软质干酪具有风味柔和、口感清淡的特点,更容易被我国消费者所接受。本文对新鲜软质干酪加工工艺进行了探讨,为生产这种产品提供了理论依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.