碱解法快速提取菠菜基因组DNA方法的优化

为了优化碱解法提取菠菜基因组DNA的方法,并为大批量育种材料的分子标记筛选奠定基础,本试验以菠菜幼嫩叶片为试材,以PCR扩增效果为主要依据,研究NaOH浓度、水浴温度与方法、吐温20浓度对菠菜DNA提取质量的影响。结果表明：以0.4 mol/L NaOH为提取液研磨后沸水浴1 min提取的菠菜DNA的PCR扩增效果明显好于常温处理。样品不经研磨、可直接用PCR扩增仪99℃、4 min代替沸水浴加温并省去离心步骤,此时以0.4 mol/L NaOH+0.5%吐温20为提取液时PCR扩增效果最佳。提取DNA的A₂₆₀/A₂₃₀比值较高时PCR扩增效果较好,因此A₂₆₀/A₂₃₀比值是评价提取DNA质量的最优指标。本试验优化了碱解法简便快速提取菠菜DNA的技术规程,达到了理想的PCR扩增效果。     

转耐盐基因水稻的PCR检测方法及其分子辅助育种

研究采用改良CTAB法和磁珠自动提取法提取水稻种子基因组DNA,通过对水稻内源SPS基因、ThST3和Ubiquit-in启动子间构建特异序列进行PCR扩增,扩增产物结合排枪凝胶电泳实现快速检测。其中PCR扩增内源SPS基因的结果表明,采用改良CTAB法和磁珠自动提取法可用于市售水稻种子和转基因种子的DNA提取。实验合成的构建特异引物以及建立的PCR扩增反应体系能特异性地检测转耐盐基因水稻Theli。该方法检测灵敏度高,绝对检测低限达17.3×10-2ng,相对检测低限为0.41%,能有效地对转基因水稻ThST 3进行鉴定;稳定性好,可完全满足转基因水稻的定性检测、监督和标识管理需要。同时可用于对转基因水稻的辅助选择(MAS)育种。     

Efficient low-cost DNA extraction and multiplex fluorescent PCR method for marker-assisted selection in breeding

Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is an increasingly important tool in current breeding efforts for improved crop plants and animal breeds. It enables detection of favourable alleles in early developmental stages and thus may result in substantial cost savings. Until now, however, the high costs of the required chemicals and materials, together with the still very labour‐intensive methods, have been an obstacle to widespread application of MAS. A new multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method has been developed for reliable low‐cost, high‐throughput screening. By its use 3366 apple seedlings were screened with an average hands‐on time from DNA extraction to data ready for analysis of < 4 h per 96 plants, and at a cost below US$ 0.5 per marker per plant. Factors that have a strong effect on segregation ratios such as elevated levels of outcrossing are easily detected, as a significant correlation was observed between deviation from expected segregation ratios in some affected markers and the level of outcrossing in a cross. The new method is suitable for many crop species and, provided that suitable buffers are used for DNA extraction, for animals too.     

石油污染土壤总DNA的提取

寻找一种可获得高浓度、大片段的石油污染土壤微生物总DNA的提取方法。分别采用SDS的细胞裂解法、溶菌酶和SDS裂解法、实验室改进法、试剂盒法提取石油污染土壤总DNA。研究结果表明4种方法都可获得石油污染土壤微生物总DNA,但每种方法在提取量和纯度上有一定差异;实验室改进法提取的DNA产率是最高的,试剂盒法提取DNA纯度最高。实验室改进法获得的微生物总DNA,稀释20倍可直接用于PCR扩增。土壤样品经过一定的预处理后提取的DNA片段大小在23100 bp,实验室改进法提取土壤微生物总DNA产率、纯度较好,不经过纯化可直接用于PCR扩增及其他分子生物学实验的操作。     

PCR-genotyping of barley seedlings using DNA samples from tissue prints

Screening of large numbers of plant samples with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques is a central task in marker‐assisted plant breeding and molecular genetics. While PCR and electrophoresis have been streamlined as a result of high‐throughput analysis methods, the collection of plant material and its processing to make it accessible for reliable amplification reactions remain labour‐intensive, costly and not amenable to automation. As an alternative to traditional extraction protocols, DNA can be bound to specially treated paper (FTA‐paper). For PCR analysis, instead of being added as a liquid suspension, DNA is then released from small paper disks that are immersed into the reaction mixture. In the present study, several parameters were investigated for the successful amplification of various single‐copy sequence characterized amplified region markers from barley tissue prints. The results show that the FTA‐paper approach offers a quick, reliable and low‐cost alternative for PCR screening even in a crop plant with a large genome.     

A method for sex identification in asparagus using DNA from seeds

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious species, with both male and female individuals. Male plants are more desirable to cultivate than female plants because they have higher yields, and, unlike female plants, they do not have a weed problem resulting from fallen seeds. A male-specific DNA marker is currently available to identify the sex of asparagus individuals using total DNA extracted from cladodes and roots. However, no published method is currently available for DNA extraction and PCR amplification from asparagus seeds. In this study, we tested several heat-resistant DNA polymerases for PCR and several methods for extracting DNA from asparagus seeds and successfully established a method for identifying the sex of asparagus seeds using this male-specific DNA marker. We found that PCR amplification of DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using simple methods such as single-step DNA extraction requires the use of high efficiency DNA polymerase. By contrast, many types of heat-resistant DNA polymerases can be used for PCR amplification of high-quality DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Our method for sex identification of asparagus seeds could facilitate quality checking of all-male asparagus seeds and accelerate the screening of super-male asparagus.     

大豆不同生长时期基因组DNA提取方法的优化

以优质大豆品种冀豆7号、冀豆16号、五星1号、五星2号和MK（Maverick）不同生长时期的叶片为材料,分别采用不同方法提取大豆基因组,并通过对提取的DNA的含量测定、琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析和内参基因的PCR扩增,对不同方法所提取的DNA质量进行综合评价。结果表明：在嫩叶期,改进的CTAB法能够 分离出纯度高、质量好的DNA,而在开花期,采用本试验的新改良CTAB法可以有效去除多糖、酚类等物质得到完整性和纯度较好的大豆基因组,为大豆的分子生物学研究奠定了基础。     

以PCR为目的的大豆叶片DNA提取方法的比较研究

模板DNA的质量直接影响PCR扩增的结果,而不同提取方法及其缓冲液的成份与浓度对提取DNA的质量有重要影响。本文以5个栽培大豆品种的叶片为材料,比较分析了SDS与CTAB两种提取方法以及不同浓度CTAB提取缓冲液对所提取的DNA质量的影响,并通过PCR进行检验。实验结果表明：用1％(W/V)、2％(W/V)浓度的CTAB提取缓冲液和1．25％(WV)SDS提取缓冲液所提取的大豆叶片DNA的质量较好,均能满足PCR扩增模板的需求,其中以1．25％(W／V)SDS提取得到的大豆叶片DNA质量最好,以其为模板扩增的效果最佳,而4％浓度的CTAB不适宜提取大豆叶片DNA。     

5种方法提取真菌基因组DNA作为PCR模板效果的比较

本研究旨在比较CTAB法、改良CTAB法、SDS法、氯化苄法和Chelex-100法提取真菌DNA作为PCR模板的效果,以生长速率、菌落形态差异较大的11个煤污病菌属真菌为研究对象,以核糖体RNA(r RNA)基因中的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列和28S r RNA基因部分序列的扩增率为指标,采用SPSS软件对结果进行方差分析。结果表明,CTAB法和改良CTAB法适用真菌范围最广,分别有7个和9个属真菌的扩增率都大于70%且无显著性差异;氯化苄法和Chelex-100法适用范围居中,分别有6个和8个属真菌的扩增率较高且无显著性差异,扩增率分别大于70%和50%;SDS法适用范围最窄,有6个属真菌的扩增率高于50%且无显著性差异。大多数煤污病菌至少有2种及以上的DNA提取方法能够取得较好的效果,但链丝孢属真菌只有用氯化苄法提取DNA效果最好。采用改良CTAB法结合氯化苄法,能够满足所有供试煤污病菌类群真菌提取基因组DNA用作PCR反应模板的需要。     

小麦基因组的一种简易提取方法

摘要：【研究目的】在综合分析多种提取小麦DNA方法的基础上,改良发展了一种快速简便高效的小麦基因组DNA提取方法。【方法】以春小麦Thatcher和以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系TcLr19,TcLr20, TcLr28为材料,改进后的方法提取的基因组DNA用抗叶锈基因Lr20的STS标记、Lr19和Lr28的SCAR标记、Lr28的SSR 标记进行PCR扩增,【结果】各分子标记都扩增出条带清晰正确的目的片段【结论】这表明该方法能够获得适用于STS、SCAR、SSR标记PCR扩增的高质量的DNA,而且该DNA简易提取方法加快了DNA提取速度、降低了污染源和成本,为大批量提取DNA提供了技术支撑。     

A high-throughput DNA extraction method for barley seed

A non-destructive, quick DNA extraction method for barley seed is described. The method is simple and consists of drilling out a sample from the seed, adding sodium hydroxide, heating in a microwave oven and neutralizing with Tris-HCl. The seed DNA extract can be used directly for PCR with extra cycles added to the PCR programme compared to PCR programmes used for leaf extracts. This protocol was developed in particular for a micro satellite marker genetically linked to barley yellow mosaic virus resistance, but it can be applied toother markers of interest for barley breeding. The quick seed extraction protocol makes it possible to handle thousands of samples per day. Extraction of DNA from seed also facilitates transfer of plant material compared to the long-distance transfer of leaf samples. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

海南龙血树基因组DNA提取方法比较

摘 要：为选择一种简单、快速、有效的海南龙血树总DNA的提取方法,分别采用CTAB法、SDS法、SDS-CTAB法和改良CTAB法提取海南龙血树嫩叶片的总DNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计和ISSR对所提取的总DNA进行检测。结果表明,改良CTAB法提取的DNA A260/A280在1.7-1.9之间,纯度高、杂质少、DNA完整性好。以该方法提取的总DNA为模板进行ISSR扩增,谱带清晰,多态性、稳定性、重复性好。该法提取的总DNA适用于PCR扩增和其他分子生物学研究是有效提取海南龙血树基因组的方法。     

马蓝基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应体系的优化

摘 要：以马蓝为研究材料,对马蓝基因组DNA的提取以及RAPD-PCR反应体系进行了优化。结果表明,在提取液中加入PVP和β-巯基乙醇去除酚类物质,采用高盐沉淀DNA和多次洗涤去除糖类,可以得到高质量的马蓝基因组DNA。电泳检测结果表明,所获得的DNA完整,无降解,完全可以满足RAPD等分子标记分析的需要。同时对马蓝RAPD-PCR反应体系中各个影响因素进行了优化,建立了适合马蓝RAPD分子标记的最佳反应体系,即20μl反应体系中含有1.25UTaqDNA聚合酶,0.25mmol/LdNTP,2.5mmol/LMg2+,50ng模板DNA,1.0μmol/L引物;反应程序中最佳退火温度为38℃。     

富含多糖的转基因石斛基因组DNA提取方法(英文)

在石斛兰转基因研究中,需通过PCR和Southern杂交等手段检测外源基因是否转入并整合到转化植株基因组.由于转化石斛植株生长缓慢,且含有多糖,因此从转化植株中提取高质量的基因组DNA以尽快对转基因苗进行分子检测存在较大困难.本研究旨在通过改良现有的DNA提取法(CTAB法或SDS法1,克服转化石斛植株基因组DNA提取中碰到的产量低,纯度不高而导致难以进行PCR或酶切等问题.在本研究所用的3种改良法中,方法Ⅱ能从少量的转化石斛苗中提取出高产量和高纯度的基因组DNA.研究结果表明方法Ⅱ提取的基因组DNA完全适用于转基因石斛的外源基因PCR扩增,限制性酶切和Southern杂交分析.     

一种快速提取小麦基因组DNA的改良CTAB方法

旨在寻求一种微量、快速提取小麦DNA的方法。以小麦幼叶为材料,用改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、沸水浴法提取小麦叶片总DNA,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳法、紫外吸收法和PCR检测DNA完整性和纯度。改良CTAB法提取小麦基因组DNA质量和纯度高、无降解,每人每天可以轻松提取200个DNA样品,对转基因植株的PCR检测显示扩增目标条带清晰一致,无假阳性,试验结果理想。改良SDS法所提DNA纯度和浓度虽略不如改良CTAB法,但仍然符合实验要求。沸水浴法提取量少且杂质多,PCR无有效扩增,结果不理想。改良CTAB法提供了一种简便、快速微量小麦DNA提取方法,适用于PCR和其他分子生物学研究。     

枳壳基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

以枳壳（酸橙）叶片为试验材料,分别采用改良CTAB法、CTAB-硅珠法、SDS法、高盐低pH值法和周世良法5种方法提取枳壳基因组DNA,并通过紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及SSR-PCR扩增3种方法对所提取的DNA样品进行检测。结果表明,5种方法中SDS法提取的DNA浓度最高（平均为900 ng/ul）,纯度最好（OD260/OD280平均值为1.90）,且SSR-PCR扩增结果与紫外分光光度计和凝胶电泳检测结果基本一致。因此,SDS法是枳壳DNA最佳提取方法,可用于分子检测试验。     

Extraction of Cotton Fiber DNA and Its Application in Traceability

[Objective] To address the questions of lacking monitoring system for origins of varieties, this study explored a DNA extraction method suitable for cotton fiber, aiming to establish an identification system that uses cotton fiber DNA as a medium to trace the authenticity and cultivar of cotton varieties. [Method] By improving and optimizing the extraction method, the DNAs of cotton fibers at different days post anthesis and lint from different years were extracted and used as templates for routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. 13 pairs of simple sequence repeat(SSR) primers were selected for SSR-PCR amplification using the DNA of Lu 1127, Shikang 126 and Ruiza 816. [Result] The DNA extraction method can extract cotton fiber DNAs of different developmental stages and different years. With the development of fiber, although the extracted DNA content is reduced, it can still meet the needs of downstream experiments. The extracted cotton fiber DNAs can be subjected to conventional PCR amplification, the PCR amplified bands were clear; 13 pairs of cotton SSR primers were used for SSR-PCR amplification of cotton fiber DNAs of Lu 1127, Shikang 126 and Ruiza 816, and a clear polymorphic band could be amplified and easily distinguished. [Conclusion] This extraction method is suitable for extracting genomic DNA of cotton fiber, and is satisfied with conventional PCR amplification with SSR markers. It is confirmed that the cotton fiber DNA molecular markers are feasible for tracing the source of cotton varieties, and it is expected to provide technical support for ensuring the safety of cotton industry.     

秸秆纤维素提取方法比较研究

目的:意在找出适合秸秆纤维素提取的方法。[方法]:分别采用氢氧化钠-醋酸-亚氯酸钠-丙酮法、高压蒸煮法、硝酸-氢氧化钠法、氢氧化钠-氢氧化钠法、硝酸-乙醇法、过氧酸体系法等方法提取秸秆纤维素,采用重铬酸钾-硫酸亚铁铵法测定纤维素的含量,以纤维素含量与所需时间为评价指标,选出最适合提取玉米秸秆纤维素的方法。[结论]：高压蒸煮法和硝酸-乙醇法较优越,具有操作简单、速度快捷、提取率较高的优点。高压蒸煮法处理量大,适合工业生产需要,硝酸-乙醇法提取的纤维素量少,但其含量高,适用于科研机构及相关部门。     

瘤胃微生物总DNA提取方法的比较

目前如何获得完整的瘤胃微生物总DNA是对瘤胃微生物在分子水平研究中关键的一步。瘤胃微生物总DNA分子片段很大,大概在15kb~20kb,因此需要选择一种合适的提取方法来获得完整的总DNA片段。笔者研究采用物理方法如玻璃珠研磨震荡法、反复冻融法、超声波破碎法、液氮研磨法等,化学方法如表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）、溴化十六烷三甲基铵（Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide,CTAB等）,酶解法（溶菌酶、蛋白酶K等）相结合,并对其进行比较,选择最佳的提取方法,使其符合以后PCR扩增要求以及其它后续研究工作。试验结果表明用玻璃珠研磨震荡加CTAB提取液的方法、反复冻融加SDS提取液的方法提取的瘤胃微生物总DNA的效果高于其它方法,并且通过电泳以及PCR检测,所提取的DNA的量适于进一步的分子生物学研究。     

一种适于PCR扩增的蓖麻基因组DNA提取方法

报道了一种从蓖麻叶片中提取DNA的改良SDS方法,该方法提取的DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,获得的DNA条带较亮且无明显拖尾现象。利用ISSR引物对提取的蓖麻基因组DNA进行PCR检测,能够获得清晰稳定的条带。说明该方法提取的蓖麻基因组DNA能够满足PCR反应的需要。