杆菌肽锌与土霉素饲喂肉鸭的效果

就两种不同抗生素促进剂——杆菌肽锌和土霉素对肉鸭的饲喂效果进行了对比试验。结果表明：从生长速度、料肉比和死亡率来看，杆菌肽锌组与土霉素组无显著差异（P＞0．05）；从经济效益看，杆菌肽锌组优于土霉素组。可见，杆菌肽锌的饲喂效果优于土霉素。杆菌肽锌与土霉素饲喂肉鸭的效果@刘安芳$四川畜牧兽医学院!荣昌,632460@赵智华$四川畜牧兽医学院!荣昌,632460@廖元才$四川畜牧兽医学院!荣昌,632460@王定超$四川畜牧兽医学院!荣昌,632460     

高温季节在日粮中添加杆菌肽锌对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能的影响

将7月6日出壳的1530只商品代樱桃谷鸭雏分成3组进行饲养试验。试验Ⅰ组从21日龄开始在日粮中添加50×106杆菌肽锌,试验Ⅱ组从1日龄开始在日粮中添加50×106杆菌肽锌,对照组不添加杆菌肽锌。结果表明,在日粮中添加杆菌肽锌,育雏期樱桃谷小鸭的生长速度提高10.27%,饲料转化率提高8.26%,效果显著(P<0.01),但采食量没有显著变化;育成育肥期樱桃谷肉鸭的生长速度与育雏期日粮未添加与添加杆菌肽锌组相比,分别提高9.55%、7.25%,饲料转化率分别提高3.23%、4.23%,日均采食量分别提高5.98%、2.83%;成活率差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

缓解鸡热应激的饲料添加剂

杆菌肽锌是由杆菌属地衣型芽孢杆菌所产生的多肽抗生素，抗革兰氏阳性菌。具有提高饲料利用率、促进生长的性能，是缓解蛋鸡热应激的饲料添加剂。现已证明，添加颗粒包膜型杆菌肽锌，使血清中皮质脂酮水平降低，T3水平升高，动物生长加速。在饲料中添加100毫克／千克颗粒包膜型杆菌肽锌，33周试验表明，试验组生产性能大大高于对照组，蛋鸡增重、日采食量、总蛋数和总蛋重分别提高66．2％、9.9％、15．3％和17．0％，明显地提高蛋壳强度。使用杆菌肽锌成本低，效果好。     

杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅生产性能的影响

选择３０日皖西白鹅公雏４８只，随机分为四组，一个为对照组，试Ｉ、试Ⅱ和试Ⅲ组补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌的浓度分别为３０ｐｐｍ、６０ｐｐｍ和９０ｐｐｍ。结果表明：补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅增重和羽毛生长影响显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。补饲日粮中添加６０ｐｐｍ的杆菌肽锌较为适宜。     

杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅生产性能的影响

选择３０日龄皖西白鹅公雏４８只，随机分为四组，一个为对照组，试Ⅰ、试Ⅱ和试Ⅲ组补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌的浓度分别为３０ｐｐｍ、６０ｐｐｍ和９０ｐｐｍ。结果表明：补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅增重和羽毛生长影响显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。补饲日粮中添加６０ｐｐｍ的杆菌肽锌较为适宜。     

几种抗生素药物添加剂对肉鸡促生长作用的研究

本试验应用黄霉素、金霉素和杆菌肽锌3种抗生素药物添加剂，并设对照组，对640只AA肉鸡进行对比饲养试验。在整个试验期间，与对照组比较，黄霉素、金霉素和杆菌肽锌组肉鸡的死亡率分别下降了2.23％、2.78％和1.11％；日增重分别提高了9.31%、7.66％和2.54％；饲料／增重分别降低了8.70％、6.90％和2.54％；经济效益分别提高了21.70％、18.94％和4.47％。并且黄霉素和金霉素组肉鸡的增重、饲料转化率和经济效益均明显地高于杆菌肽锌组（P＜O.05）。各试验药物对肉鸡的屠宰指标均未产生明显影响（P＞0.05）。综上所述，肉鸡日粮中添加黄霉素或金霉素均能降低肉鸡的死亡率，促进生长及提高饲料转化率和经济效益，其效果优于杆菌肽锌，尤以黄霉素的效果更佳。     

肥育小公牛日粮预混料的对比研究

在日粮中添加含微量元素，碳酸氢钠和杆菌肽锌的预混料，改善消化和代谢过程，提高肥育小公牛增重１５－２１％。     

不同抗生素对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验比较了不同抗生素对肉鸡生长速度和抗病力的影响。试验分为４个组，第１组采用正大肉鸡料５１０、５１１、５１３为对照组，第２、３、４组为试验组，分别添加土霉素、杆菌肽锌＋硫酸粘杆菌素、硫酸粘杆菌素，４个组饲粮营养成分的分析结果基本相同。２０００只爱拔益加肉鸡分４个处理，每个处理５个重复，每个重复１００只鸡。试验结果证明，４个组鸡只成活率有显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），分别为８７．７％、９４．９％、９３．３％、８９．７％。４种料的增重效果也有较大的差异。土霉素组与杆菌肽锌＋硫酸粘杆菌素和硫酸粘杆菌素组比较，日增重依次提高１１．６％、１０．２％。料肉比组间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），以杆菌肽锌＋硫酸粘杆菌素料组为最低，其次为上霉素组、硫酸粘杆菌素组，正大组饲料报酬最高。增重的饲料成本依次为４．８３元／ｋｇ、４．５２元／ｋｇ、４．５５元／ｋｇ、４．７５元／ｋｇ。与产品效益相联系综合分析结果，杆菌肽锌＋硫酸粘杆菌素组饲料和硫酸粘杆菌素组饲料的经济效益较好。     

杆菌肽锌对高温季节蛋鸡生产性能的影响

杆菌肽锌（ZincBacitracin）是杆菌肽与硫酸锌或氧化锌结合生成的络合物，是目前应用较广泛的畜禽专用饲料添加剂。据资料报道，饲料中添加20～35ppm的杆菌肽锌对增进畜禽健康，提高生产性能和饲料转化率有良好的作用，但杆菌肽锌还具有另外一大功能，即在使用剂量较高时能降低     

颗粒包膜杆菌肽锌在生长猪,肉仔鸡和产蛋鸡饲料中应用效果的研究

采用生长猪，肉仔鸡和产蛋鸡经３批次试验，结果表明，颗粒包膜杆菌肽锌在生长猪和产蛋鸡饲料中添加使用，可使生长，生产性能明显高于粉剂杆菌肽锌和金霉素，并带来明显的综合经济效益；颗粒包膜杆菌肽锌在肉仔鸡饲料中使用可使生长性能有所改善，但经济效益方面二者没有差异。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.