Mechanism of Multipeaks Feature forVanadium titanium containing Magnetite in Smelting Reduction

The mechanism of multipeaks of reduction rate for vanadium titanium containing magnetite in the process of smelting reduction has been studied.The structure feature of vanadium titanium containing magnetite and changing character of slag structure as well as the kinetic feature of vanadium titanium containing magnetite in smelting reduction process were also analysed in this paper.     

Study on Reasonable Burden Structure of Smelting Vanadium Titaniferreus Magnetite in Blast Furnace

Under the condition of imitating the smelting process.the investigation has been carried out to the properties of melt dropping behaviours and reduction for several kinds of vanadium titaniferrous magnetites,such as sinter,pellet and lump ores;and especially the relation between the mineral constitute basicity of ores and its high temperature metallurgical quality is studied with its influence on the reduction process at the low and high temperature zones and the titanium reduction. So the reasonable burden mixture of smelting vanadium titaniferrous magnetites is high basicity sinter and acidity pellet. However,with the existing conditions of the steel plant.it is essential to improve the basicity of the sinter.     

不同钙化剂对高钒渣酸浸提钒的影响

针对传统钒渣钠化焙烧-水浸提钒工艺的不足,确定对钒渣钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒进行研究。在理论分析的基础上,本研究以高钒渣为原料,研究了钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒过程中3种钙化剂(CaSO4、CaCO3、CaO)的焙烧机理以及对提钒效果的影响。研究结果表明：钒浸出率随焙烧温度的升高先增大后减小,且在1 450 K时达到最大值;钙化剂配比为100%CaSO4时提钒率最大;在目前实验室研究条件下,钒的浸出率最大可达93.53%。     

Reduction of Titanium Oxide and Thickening of Blast Furnace Slag Bearing Higher Titania

The slag samples that have some titanium oxide reduction grade are reduced with blast furnace slag taken from Pan Zhi Hua Iron & Steel (Group) Co. in site. Then the viscosity and free running temperature of slag samples were measured in laboratory. With the increasing of reduction grade the viscosity and free running temperature of slags would have rising tendency. The mineral structure of the samples is observed in optical microscope, and quantitative analysis of TiC, TiN in the slag samples is made with image analysiser. The results show that the thickening of titanium slag has relationship with the amount of TiC, TiN, which was reduced from titania. So the usage of titanium oxide reduction grade as the index of thickening in blast furnace process is reasonable, and which could represent characteristic of the blast furnace smelting iron ore bearing titanium and vanadium.     

Properties of Cemented Copper Tailings Backfill with Steel Slag-Blast Furnace Slag-Fluorgypsum-Based Cementation Material

Cement is a traditional tailings cementation material, which causing the high tailings backfill cost. However, the utilization rate of industrial waste residue, such as steel slag and fluorgypsum, is low. So the steel slag-blast furnace slag-fluorgypsum-based cementation materials preparation with industrial waste residue substitutes for cement. As a result, its cementation tailings performances must be studied. According to mortar fluidity and bleeding quantity of tailing cementation slurry at different time and compressive strength change trend at different hydration ages, the performance of steel slag-blast furnace slag-fluorgypsum-based cementation materials is significantly better than P·O42.5 grade cement and two kinds of commonly used cementation agents in China. After soaking for three days, the pH value of these tailings solidification bodies leaching liquid is less than 9.0, which is much lower than the pH values of three kinds of high alkaline tailings cementation materials mentioned before. Leaching liquid fluorine ion concentration is extremely low. With less impact on environment. SEM analysis also show that these tailings solidification bodies mixing with the steel slag-blast furnace slag-fluorgypsum-based cementation materials have relatively dense microstructure.     

Numerical simulation on the seepage of tailings dam by centerline method construction

Yangla copper mine is going to build a new tailings pond for its tailings disposal. The tailings dam is 185.0 m high and centerline method is used to construct the tailings pond. For the stability of the tailings dam, 2D FLOW program is used for the numerical simulation study about the dam seepage. During simulation calculation, different conditions which include a drainage system installed into the dam or not and different beach widths, i.e. 70 (the flood condition), 100, 300 m (the normal condition), are considered. Through calculation, the change of the seepage under different conditions is obtained, which shows if the drainage system is installed into the tailings dam, the underground water can be successfully drained out. This can keep the phreatic surface level relatively low, so as to improve the stability of the dam.     

Numerical Calculation Analysis About Seepage Field of Fine Grained Tailings Pool

The initially designed deposits of the Longdu tailings pool is the mixed tailings of iron ore and covelline. However, the fact that no iron ore tailings have been infused into the pool during its employment directly influenced its stability. By making use of 2D limited meta-softwares, the authors study the seepage features of Longdu tailings pool based on the tested data and material for it. According to first dam penetration, dry slope's length and different atmosphere rainfalls, the seepage field of the tailings pool is analyzed so they can conclude seepage rules for the fine grained tailings pool under different conditions and then study the stability features of the tailings pool. The result shows that change of the deposits gives ill effect on the stability of the pool, and the tailings pool will not run normally if no proper reinforce measure is taken in time.     

Addition of citric acid to enhance the bioleaching chalcopyrite tailings

The effect of mixed sulphur bacilli on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite tailings in shake flask and the effect of different citric acid concentrations and slurry densities on leaching tailings are studied. The results show that the concentration of citric acid in a certain range can promote chalcopyrite tailings bioleaching, and the highest of leaching rate is 44.8%. The citric acid concentration and slurry density directly affect the oxidation activity of bacteria and the effect of leaching.     

Relationship Between the Mineral Structureand High-temperature Reductian for Vanadic Titanomagnetite

he low tem peratu re and high temperature reduction properties for differentkinds and structures vanadium titaniferrous magnetite have been studied in this paper. The influenceof mineral structure,pretreatment method, reduction temperature and time as well as redlictin con-dition on the reduction beha viou r has also been in vestigated. The relationship between reduction be-haviour of V-Ti-magnetite and its smeIting reduction and B.F.smelting has been analysed.     

丛植菌根在尾矿废弃地生态恢复中的试验研究

矿产资源的大规模开发,导致大面积尾矿废弃地的产生,已引起严重的生态环境问题。通过模拟生物学试验探讨了丛枝菌根真菌在植物适应尾矿逆境和尾矿植被重建中的潜在作用。采用铁尾矿盆栽的方法对接种丛枝菌根真菌的大豆生长、菌根侵染率及尾矿养分变化进行了研究。试验结果表明,接种菌根的大豆侵染率较高,且大豆根系接种菌根的大豆根系氮、磷、钾含量高于对照（CK）,最高高出对照2倍以上,在接种不同含量的菌根真菌的试验中（10 g-25 g-50 g）,大豆的生长量和养分含量均呈现“低-高-低”的现象。通过试验,接种丛枝菌根真菌能够很好地促进大豆在铁尾矿中的生长,提高大豆对尾矿中营养物质的吸收,对尾矿生态复垦起到了积极作用。试验将菌根技术引入到铁尾矿库的生态恢复研究中,利用植物与丛枝菌根相互用,使植物能够更好地在铁尾矿中生长,为铁尾矿废弃地的生态恢复提出了新思路。     

基于Weibull模型的细粒尾矿粒径分布

尾矿细粒化是矿业发展趋势,细粒尾矿的粒径分布对尾矿宏观力学特性及坝体稳定性具有重要影响。采用筛分法和沉降法,对82个尾矿试样进行了颗分试验,建立了细粒尾矿粒径分布的Weibull函数模型。试验结果表明:细粒尾矿粒径呈"细多粗少"的分布规律,这种规律服从Weibull分布,可以用Weibull分布对粒径分布进行描述和外推预测;传统分形模型中假设每级粒度的破碎率为常数与实际情况不符,Weibull分布可以看作对分形模型误差的一种修正;在破碎过程中,粒径的概率密度分布会出现峰值,这个峰值不断向粒径小的方向偏移,最终形成"细多粗少"的分布特点。研究结果有助于磨矿工艺的改进,并可以为土工试验做出科学的级配方案提供参考。     

Carbon Emission and Low carbon Strategies of Sewage Sludge Treatment

The carbon emission during sewage sludge treatment is an important source of greenhouse gas. For the carbon reduction, the emissions from common treatment technologies are calculated with the mass balance model, then their low carbon degrees are evaluated, and finally the low carbon treatment strategies are put forward for different requirements. The results show that the technologies, such as digestion for methane recovery, incineration or co incineration for power production after drying with industrial waste heat, are the ones with the lowest carbon emission. Their low carbon degrees are 89.6%, 80.3% and 76.6% respectively. In the area where the above technologies cannot be applied, aerobic composting or landfill with aerobic stabilization pretreatment are the effective methods to reduce carbon emission. The low carbon treatment strategy, a new part of sludge treatment strategies, should be applied combining the local economy, technology and social conditions, so that it can meet the different requirements from sanitation to carbon emission reduction.     

亚热带几种林分类型土壤有机碳变化特征及与土壤性质的关系

为了研究亚热带天然次生林不同更新方式对土壤有机碳特征影响,将江西大岗山天然次生林分别采伐更新为马褂木林、马尾松林、杉木林和马褂木-桤木混交林,在比较分析不同更新方式对土壤有机碳含量特征影响的基础上,进一步利用相关和逐步回归分析方法,研究了不同土壤性质对土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明：与次生林相比,几种更新林分在不同程度上降低了土壤有机碳含量,改变了土壤有机碳的层间分布特征。在0~40 cm的剖面内,土壤有机碳含量的降幅分别为：马褂木林＞马尾松林＞杉木林＞马褂木-桤木混交林;与其他更新对象相比,马褂木林作为更新树种会导致土壤有机碳含量的大幅降低,不利于土壤碳储量的增加。但与桤木混交后,却可以明显减少有机碳含量降幅,显示出良好的混交效果;分别建立的0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量和土壤性质的回归方程显示出较高的回归精度,比较标准化回归系数法处理显示,土壤全氮量、有效铁含量和碱解氮含量是导致不同层次土壤有机碳变异的主导影响因子。     

工厂化豆芽生产回收水的臭氧生物活性炭技术净化效果研究

为了研究臭氧生物活性炭技术对豆芽工厂化生产过程回收水中有机物及部分无机物的去除效果,及不同水质对豆芽品质的影响,模拟豆芽工厂化生产工艺,用不同水样进行发芽试验,对不同水质及豆芽品质进行方差及相关性分析。结果表明,本试验处理工艺对总磷、COD、总有机碳去除率分别为50.90%、60.19%、67.51%,对无机盐铁、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐的去除率分别为80.68%、22.84%、55.17%、21.46%、42.67%。豆芽的产量、下胚轴长、下胚轴粗及根长与水中总磷、COD、总有机碳及硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。臭氧生物活性炭技术可有效去除工厂化豆芽生产回收水中的有机物、部分无机物,净化水各项指标基本达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》,回收水及净化出水均某种程度上降低了豆芽的品质,不同水质对豆芽品质的影响较大。     

The innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer from the perspective of carbon emission reduction demand: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

Reducing carbon emissions is the only way to solve the global climate problem, which obviously requires the joint efforts of all regions. From the perspective of carbon emission reduction demand, this research obtains the data of low-carbon patents and CO₂ emissions from 2000 to 2019, and then explores the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). We draw the following conclusions: (1) Low-carbon technology transfer has a positive impact on low-carbon technology innovation. However, a large number of low-carbon technology transfers are concentrated between developed regions in the YREB at present. (2) No matter from the perspective of total amount or efficiency, carbon emission reduction demand can play positive moderating role in the process of exerting the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer, indicating that the transfer of low-carbon technologies to regions with high demand is efficient. (3) The moderating effect of carbon emission reduction demand in different regions has regional heterogeneity. Carbon emissions per unit of GDP plays a greater role in moderating the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer in the eastern region, while CO₂ emissions plays a greater role in the central and western regions. Therefore, we propose to strengthen the transfer of low-carbon technologies between developed and less-developed regions, and adopt differentiation strategies according to the actual situation of each region. Our research has deepened the understanding of environmental economic geography on the innovation effect of low-carbon technology transfer, and has reference significance for global low-carbon technology cooperation.     

Effect of nitrogen on microstructure and properties of SWRH82B wire rod

The microstructure, mechanical properties, tensile fractures and the precipitation of the second phase of vanadium microalloyed wire rods with different nitrogen contents are studied by hydraulic universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) . The results show that the interlamellar spacing of pearlite is smaller in high nitrogen steel; the high nitrogen steel has higher yield strength, tensile strength and lower elongation and reduction of area; there are more inclusions on the tensile fracture surfaces of the high nitrogen steel; and in high nitrogen steel, the size of precipitation, mainly precipitating at dislocation or the boundary of austenite, is finer than that of low nitrogen steel, what is more, fine V(C,N) particles are concluded in the precipitations.     

基于能值改进模型的红米与烤烟作物系统可持续性评价——以贵州省盘州市为例

为准确测度农作物生产的可持续发展水平,进一步提高可持续发展能力。将碳排放与碳固定视为农田系统环境产出,纳入能值分析框架,建立能值改进指标,评价区域红米和烤烟2种不同作物生产模式的可持续性并进行灵敏性测试。研究发现,红米和烤烟系统的能值投入分别是1.26E+17sej/hm²和1.24E+17sej/hm²,产品能值产出分别是2.61E+16sej/hm²和6.55E+15sej/hm²,红米生产模式的产品产出效率较好。在环境能值产出方面,红米系统表现为净温室气体排放“源”,碳排放（5.97E+16sej/hm²）远大于碳固定（1.30E+15sej/hm²）,减排潜力较大;而烤烟系统则表现为碳固定盈余,碳排放（1.95E+14sej/hm²）小于碳固定（3.42E+14sej/hm²）。温室气体排放量变化对作物系统环境负载率和可持续发展水平的影响最大。结论表明,在传统能值分析体系中增设碳排放与碳固定指标可为农业系统可持续性评价提供更加全面的测算思路和方法借鉴。     

黑河绿洲区耕作土壤有机碳及其活性和非活性组分固碳潜力研究

土壤有机碳固碳潜力研究是陆地生态系统碳循环中的前沿领域,可为区域农业碳管理和温室气体减排提供依据。文中选择黑河绿洲区水田为研究对象,采用实地土壤样品采集、室内指标分析和模型模拟方法,研究了表层0-20cm土壤不同粒径与土壤TOC、AOC、NOC之间的关系,在此基础上建立了土壤TOC、AOC和NOC物理化学固碳潜力模型并估算固碳潜力。结果显示：绿洲农田土壤存在较大的固碳空间,TOC、AOC、NOC固碳潜力平均值分别为0.75%、0.14%、0.56%。并以中游绿洲水田为例,计算了土壤TOC、AOC、NOC碳密度、碳储量及其潜力,水田中TOC、AOC、NOC碳密度的潜力为0.18 g/cm2、0.03 g/cm2、0.15 g/cm2,水田中TOC、AOC、NOC碳储量的潜力为7.12 Tg、1.13 Tg、5.79 Tg。分析发现水田中NOC的碳密度和碳储量提升的空间明显高于AOC,说明NOC的提高是TOC固碳的关键。     

农田土壤有机碳库研究述评

农田土壤作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是受人为活动干扰严重但又可在较短时间内调节的碳库,在全球碳循环中占据着非常重要的地位。深入探讨分析农田土壤有机碳库及其影响因素对全球生态系统碳平衡以及农田土壤利用的可持续性都具有十分重要的意义。笔者以农田土壤有机碳库基本问题为核心,对国内外有关农田土壤有机碳库的分类与组成、有机碳固定潜力以及有机碳固定影响因素的研究进展进行了总结。最后指出今后的重点研究方向包括全球不同地区农田土壤有机碳的固定周转机制、有机碳固定潜力,农田土壤有机碳库受各种因素的影响程度,农田土壤碳循环过程与地球表层过程的耦合机制以及如何设计合理有效的农田管理措施以达到最大的固碳潜力等几个方面。     

Embodied-carbon analysis of renewable energy utilization system

Based on the energy analysis theory and carbon footprint analysis, it presents the concept of embodied-carbon and sets up the relevant systematical analysis method and assessment indexes such as CO2 payback period, benefit-cost ratio, CO2 emissions reduction transformity to assess the renewable energy utilization system. These indicators can be a comprehensive evaluation of the utilization of renewable energy in the energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. It analyzes and evaluates photovoltaic power generation system by using the embodied-carbon analysis method and evaluates the potential of solar energy utilization in China.