Dynamic characteristics analysis of megawatt wind turbine drive train

Since the wind turbines are installed on the flexible support tower, the drive train of the wind turbines runs under severe work conditions with varying wind directions and loads. So its failure rate is high and it is the bottle neck of the wind power development. This work presents a study which takes the coupling effect of oscillating of tower barrel and the twisting vibration of driven train into account. Using the lumped parameter method, a coupled dynamic model for the megawatt wind turbine drive train is built by considering the flexible tower barrel support effects. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the megawatt wind turbine drive train are analyzed. The Campbell chart is used in this research to analyze the potential resonance points. And the potential resonance frequencies between the cutting in and cutting out rotational speed of the drive train are obtained. Finally, Simpack is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of drive train and verify the correctness of the proposed method.     

Overall control strategy and operational performances of a doubly fed wind turbine generator system

In order to comprehensively and correctly analyze the real-time operational characteristics of a grid-connected wind turbine generator system, it is necessary to analyze the overall control strategies and operation performances of the wind turbine generator system. According to the type of a doubly fed wind turbine generator system, the mathematical models of wind turbine, drive train and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) are presented. From the viewpoints of the maximum wind energy capture and safe operation of the wind turbine, a maximum power output control strategy is proposed by considering the DFIG loss minimization, and a variable pitch control strategy is also presented by considering generator rotational speed restriction and the output power restriction. Combined with a power decoupling strategy of DFIG, the overall operational performances of the doubly fed wind turbine generator system are simulated. By comparing the simulation, theoretical analysis and actual operational data, the results show that the presented model and overall control strategies of the doubly fed wind turbine generator system are valid.     

The input load and its influence factors of wind turbine based on variational wind speed

The auto regressive (AR) method is applied to build the model of wind speed in wind field,and with the model, the wind time-history is obtained. The Glauert method is used to calculate time-varying input load,such as the time histories of thrust and torque of the wind turbine under the condition of variational wind speed. Based on statistical analysis,the design loading spectrum and rain flow histogram of the loads are obtained. The effects of wheel blade parameters on the input load under the condition of variational wind speed are analyzed,and the average loads of thrust and torque are obviously affected by the pitch angle. When the pitch angle increases,the loads of thrust and torque both decrease,meanwhile the amplitude of thrust first increases then decreases,while the amplitude of torque decreases monotonously. The thrust is obviously affected by twist and attack angles of blade while the torque is less affected by the twist and attack angles of the blade. The results lay foundations for reliability design,load control of the wind turbine as well as the parameter optimum of the wheel blade aerofoil under the real wind condition.     

Comparative study of low voltage ride-through techniques for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines under asymmetrical grid faults

Asymmetrical grid faults occur more frequently and have more adverse effects on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) than symmetrical grid faults in the transmission system. The transient response of DFIG under asymmetrical grid faults is analyzed firstly. Meanwhile, operation behaviors of several low voltage ride-through (LVRT) techniques under severe asymmetrical grid faults are given by simulation with the Matlab/Simulink software. Then the characteristics of these LVRT techniques are further researched and analyzed based on the simulation results. Finally, the economies of these LVRT techniques are discussed. The conclusion lays a certain foundation for engineering development of these LVRT techniques.     

Gear-bearing coupling dynamics characteristics of wind turbine planetary gear transmission system under variable load

Considering that the transmission system of wind turbine works in complex and changing load environment caused by stochastic wind speed,this paper uses sparse least squares support vector machine(SL-SVM) to simulate wind speed of true wind field,and obtains time-varying wind load caused by stochastic wind speed. The lumped-parameter method is used to develop a dynamic model of planetary gear transmission system of wind turbine coupled with bearing. The model includes the varying wind load,time-vary mesh stiffness of gear pair and time-vary stiffness of rolling element bearing. The numerical method is used to simulate the dynamic performance of planetary gear system of Multibrid Technology Wind Turbine with 1.5 MW rated power. The vibration displacement responses of the transmission system are obtained as well as dynamic meshing force each pair of gear and nonlinear bearing forces. The research can provide a foundation for optimizing dynamic performance and reliable design of gear transmission system of wind generator.     

Dynamic optimization design of gear transmission system for wind turbine

The differential equation which governs the behavior of the gear transmission system of 1.5 MW wind turbine is established. The external excitation caused by wind speed fluctuation is discussed and the internal excitation due to time varying mesh stiffness and comprehensive error is also analyzed. The calculating formulations of the harmonic balance method of nonlinear dynamic equations are presented. Then, the multi objective dynamic optimization model is developed to minimize the value of vibration acceleration and the overall volume. The optimization of a practical example using mixed discrete combined programming is performed. The result shows that the proposed method of modeling and optimization design can effectively reduce the wind turbines gearbox vibration levels and weight.     

Simulation study of stochastic fluctuating wind field for wind turbine blades

The differences of the wind field model between wind turbines and common architectures are investigated. It is indicated that substantial frequency contents are transferred to rotor rotation frequency and its harmonics due to the periodic motions of blade. According to standard von Karman power spectral density (PSD) model and rotationally sampled PSD model, the PSD matrix for turbulence on blades of wind turbine is setup. The longitudinal turbulence’s time serials is simulated based on the superimposition of harmonic waves.     

Dynamic analysis of wind turbine gearbox

By inputting reduced matrix of stiffness and mass, a dynamic model including flexible housing, ring gear and carrier for a 3 MW wind turbine gearbox is established based on MASTA. And analysis results show that the kinetic percentage of housing is maximum near the gear mesh frequency and response is maximum at the 1st mesh frequency of HSS gear. The analysis results show certain agreement with vibration test results. This paper can provide reference for avoiding vibration in gearbox design.     

Contact analysis of MW wind turbine hub and bearing bolt connection

Using large finite element software MSC.Marc/Mentat, the contact analysis of bolted joints parts between the hub and the bearing of wind turbine is conducted for the contact stress suffering from the practical work load. The maximum stress acted on the bolt is obtained, and a detail contact analysis for this bolted joints parts is given. The accurate stress of bolts, bearing and hub is calculated. The FEA contact results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results, and the strength of materials meets the requirements, which means the structure is safe.     

Design of networking condition monitoring andfault diagnosis for wind turbine transmission system

In order to solve the incipient fault diagnose problem of the transmission system, a networking condition monitoring and failure diagnosis system based on B/S and C/S hybrid architecture for wind turbine transmission system is designed in the paper. Firstly, the paper analyzes the demands of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for wind turbine transmission system, and designs its overall framework and function modules. Then, combining with the data acquisition equipment, by the .NET and SQL Server platform, the paper designs condition monitoring and failure diagnosis system for wind turbine transmission system, which includes the functions of networking data acquisition, remote condition monitoring, signal analysis, fault diagnosis and database as well. The system has been successfully applied to a condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbine transmission system.     

Performance simulation of high-power wind turbine under the action of wind and wave

In order to research the offshore wind turbine which operates in harsh environment with transient and variable working conditions, the system is simulated and analyzed by simulation technology. The aerodynamic load of wind turbine is calculated by applying GDW theory and wave load is calculated by applying Airy wave theory. The drive chain is programmed in Matlab/ simulink and the flexible multi-body model of the wind turbine is built in Adams. The combined simulation of the wind turbine is carried out. The results of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine show that the method has excellent ability to simulate the performance almost the same as software Bladed result.     

Multi-objective dynamic optimization design of high-power wind turbine gearbox

A dynamic model of NGW helical planetary gear transmission for high-power wind turbine gearbox is established by considering these factors as errors of gears and time-varying mesh stiffness by using mass centralized method. Moreover, the random wind velocity is simulated as external seismic excitation making the results more conform to practical condition. And on this basis, this system is optimized for minimum gearbox volume and minimum component torsional acceleration with the restriction of reliability and strength restrain. The result indicates that the optimized parameters make gear transmission lightweight and the dynamic property improved so as to reduing vibration and noised.     

system modeling and simulation of wind turbines

Wind turbines operate in harsh environment with transient and variable working conditions. As a result, wind turbines are complicated, nonlinear, uncertain systems. Modeling and analysis of these systems are crucial to their design. Based on MATLAB, a new dynamic simulation model of a stalled wind turbine was presented. The blade element momentum theory and the state space method were programmed into MATLAB/SIMULINK to calculate wind turbine aerodynamic performance. The generator was also modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK, taking the coupling between the generator and the rotor speed into consideration. Based on the proposed MATLAB model, an analysis of a 600 kW wind turbine was carried out. The calculation values were compared with the measured data. The results indicate the correctness of the proposed MATLAB model. The simulation model can be applied to optimize design and control of stalled wind turbines.     

The design of torque dynamic sliding mode controller in permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine

Permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine is a multivariable nonlinear system with strong coupling. Considering the influence of the volatile parameters of the generator on the performance of vector control, the torque dynamic sliding-mode control strategy is further studied. The proposed first order dynamic sliding-mode control strategy reduces the chattering by using a new switch function constituted with derivative element. With the dynamic sliding-mode controller in the power outer loop, the PMSG vector control system shows excellent robustness and insensitivity to the parameters and disturbance, which is confirmed by simulation.     

Arrangement and design of main bearing for wind turbine

The wind turbine bearing runs under complicated loading and vibration condition and its design and analysis is a developing and crossing discipline. The typical main bearing arrangements for wind turbine are compared, including the 3-point arrangement with spherical roller bearing, double-row tapered roller bearing and cylindrical roller bearing, two single-row tapered roller bearings. The various factors including the wind turbine type, loading, cost and weight are considered in the design of wind turbine drive train. The influencing factor of bearing reliability and the relationship between wind load, drive train and bearing are studied. Based on an example of bearing reliability, the influence of complicated topography on wind load and bearing life is analyzed. The commonality of the wind farms with wind turbine failure is found, i.e. the topology and the wind condition of most wind turbine sites are very unfavorable, e.g. with sleep slope, not enough distance between adjacent wind turbines. Such factors can cause abnormal wind shear and turbulence, which can bring unexpected load onto the bearing. The key factors in the analysis procedure of topography and wind resource are discussed.     

Evaluation and analysis on the extreme load of wind turbine blade

According to the international standard of German GL 2010, a wind turbine of 850 kW is applied to the corresponding wind power generation unit and its situation of pneumatic rated power and sympathetic vibration is analyzed with Bladed software. The result verifies the reliability of wind turbine in operation. Further, after all the wind regimes in GL standard are calculated and analyzed comparatively, the extreme wind regimes which mainly influence the aerodynamic performance of the wind blade are obtained, namely, Dlc4.2b, Dlc1.3a, etc. Later on, the evaluation criteria of wind turbine blade taking the load of blade root as standard are established and implemented with the built-in demo data of Bladed software to testify its generality. Then based on the above evaluation criteria, extreme loads of the 850 kW’s blade root is computed and it’s found the extreme swing load is 353 663 N·m, which is 2.5% lower than its designed value. The result verifies the security of the blade in operation and the reliability of the evaluation criteria.     

ANSYS/PDS风电齿轮箱收缩盘联接可靠性分析

笔者建立了某风电齿轮箱主轴收缩盘联接的轴对称参数化有限元模型,并结合主轴扭矩作用应用ANSYS非线性接触对该模型进行了强度分析。由于材料属性、制造过程、边界条件以及载荷等设计参数的不确定性会影响计算的精确性,应用ANSYS/PDS模块,根据失效模式确定整体功能函数并由此建立结构极限状态方程,采用蒙特卡罗超拉丁采样方法对收缩盘联接进行可靠性分析,得到整体联接的可靠度和失效率,并给出累积概率分布。研究结果表明:收缩盘传扭联接性能和结构件强度均满足设计要求,其联接的可靠度达到94.8%,达到了工程设计要求,对风电齿轮箱收缩盘联接的可靠性设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Junction stiffness analysis and vibration noise prediction of wind power speed-increase gearbox

In order to study the vibration characteristics and radiation noise of wind power speed-increase gearbox, a torsional vibration model of wind power speed-increase gearbox is established based on the analysis of supporting stiffness of bearing and contact stiffness of gear pairs. By solving the vibration differential equation with the help of Matlab, the frequency and corresponding vibration mode are obtained. With taking stiffness excitation, error exaction and meshing impact exaction into account, the dynamic finite element model of speed-increase gearbox is set up, and the dynamic response simulation is carried out. Regarding vibration displacement of the nodes on gearbox surface as boundary condition, an acoustic boundary element model of speed-increase gearbox is built. The surface acoustic pressure of gearbox and the radiation noise of field points are solved by the direct boundary element method. The results show that there is a great difference between torsion frequency and excitation frequency of wind power speed-increase gearbox, and so the resonance doesn't occur. The maximum structural noise and radiation noise mainly appear near the double octave of the gears meshing frequency of high-speed grade.     

Load modling and analysis of wind turbine under consideringthe space coordinate transformation

Based on coordinate transformation and mechanical analysis, load transformation between blade root and rotor coordinate system for wind turbine is derived.And an analysis model closer to actual working condition is established.Taking a 5 MW wind turbine as analysis object, analyzing results of the new model, traditional simplified model and GH Bladed model are compared, and results are good enough to validate this new model has higher reliability and accuracy.In addition, based on analyzing to load component, through access to instance data of each factor in process of coordinate transformation, the impact of each factor can be accurately analyzed, which is of great significance to control and reduce load.     

风电齿轮箱传动误差分析及振动噪声预估

针对一级行星两级平行轴风电齿轮传动系统,综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、传递误差等因素,建立31个自由度的弯扭轴耦合集中参数动力学模型,采用变步长Runge-Kutta法对系统动力学微分方程进行求解,得出齿轮传动系统各级传动误差;借助软件建立风电齿轮箱刚柔耦合动力学模型,并导入传动误差,采用模态叠加法求得齿轮箱轴承支反力,并将其作为声振耦合模型的边界条件,采用声学有限元法对风电齿轮箱进行振动噪声预估,并与试验结果对比分析,两者吻合良好。