黑鲷幼鱼对Zn、Cu的营养需要

通过正交设计,进行了黑鲷幼鱼对Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ营养需求的试验,比较了饵料中不同含量的Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ对黑鲷幼鱼增重效果的影响及Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ影响作用的大小,分析了饵料中不同含量的Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ对黑鲷幼鱼体内Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ存积的影响。结果表明饵料中添加少量Ｚｎ（６．８～２０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）有助于黑鲷幼鱼生长,Ｃｕ对其增重的作用不大,Ｃｕ的添加量以少于１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ为宜;Ｚｎ的营养作用大于Ｃｕ;Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ存积随饵料中的含量增加而增加,Ｃｕ的累积毒性大于Ｚｎ。     

pH和盐度对斑节对虾存活,生长和渗透调节能力的影响

斑节对虾幼虾（平均体重４．２－５．５ｇ）的ｐＨ低临界值使用盐酸醋化海水的静态生物测定的方法来求得。在盐度３２ｐｐｔ进其致死ｐＨ（即９６ｈＬＣ５０的ｐＨ）为３．７（９５％置信度是３．４和４．１）。最小可采用的ｐＨ（此ｐＨ在２３ｄ中使生长减少５％），在盐度为３０ｐｐｔ时估算为５．９。同ｐＨ７．８相比较，长期（２３ｄ）置于低ｐＨ（４．９），盐度为３０ｐｐｔ时，对虾于民分明显减少（Ｐ＜０．００１），而蜕皮     

3种重金属离子和2种杀虫剂对梭鲈胚胎发育的影响

在常温静水条件下,研究了铜（Ｃｕ）、锌（Ｚｎ）、镉（Ｃｄ）３种重金属离子和甲醛、晶体敌百虫２种杀虫剂对梭鲈（Ｓｔｉｚｏｓｔｅｄｉｏｎｌｕｃｉｏｐｅｒｃａ）胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,３种重金属离子对梭鲈胚胎的毒性大小依次为：Ｃｄ２＋ ＞Ｃｕ２＋ ＞Ｚｎ２＋;当甲醛浓度为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,对梭鲈胚胎的毒性影响较强,而高浓度的晶体敌百虫对梭鲈胚胎有明显的毒性作用。在梭鲈繁殖用水中使用杀虫剂时,甲醛和晶体敌百虫的安全浓度分别为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

鲈鱼对浮性配合饵料中镉的积累

试验研究了浮性配合饵料置于镉（Ｃｄ）污染的海水后,吸附Ｃｄ的能力及鲈鱼摄食及Ｃｄ污染的配合饵料后,Ｃｄ在鱼体内的积累情况,结果表明,配合饵料置于海水中６０ｍｉｎ后吸附在饵料中的Ｃｄ,要比水中Ｃｄ的浓度高出数十倍,当配合饵料Ｃｄ含量为３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（干重）经４２ｄ的喂养,鲈鱼肌肉和肝脏中的Ｃｄ含量分别可达１２７和０．２６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ（湿重）,最大富集系数分别为０．１９６和０．３２３,当配合饵料中Ｃｄ含     

Cu,Zn,Se,Cd离子对河流弧菌Ⅱ毒性的研究

本文用１０倍稀释法确定了河流弧菌Ⅱ在Ｃｕ,ＺｎＳｅ,Ｃｄ离子中的半致死浓度是３．５６×１０＾－２,４．４６×１０＾－３,３．６９,２．７８×１０＾－５μｇ／ｍｌ细菌吸收了这几种离子后其超微结构发生了明显变化,这些离子能诱导细菌内的核糖体增多,ＤＮＡ纤丝凝聚成棍棒或块状,以Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ离子诱导ＤＮＡ纤丝聚集较为明显,类核区扩大或出现透明区,而Ｓｅ,Ｃｄ离子处理的菌核区不明显,而且４种离子对细胞壁不同程     

南海北部海域经济鱼类的重金属含量与分布研究

研究了南海北部海域经济鱼类的重金属Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ和Ｎｉ等的含量与分布。结果表明，重金属在鱼体不同器官组织中的分布是不均衡的，肌肉中的重金属含量最低；底层鱼类的重金属含量相对较高；肉食性鱼类的Ｃｄ含量较高，但其余５种金属含量与鱼类食性的关系不明显；近海鱼类的重金属含量与河口咸淡水鱼类的重金属含量之间无显著差异；经济鱼类受重金属污染的影响不明显，其食用价值尚未受影响。     

中国对虾对Pb、Cr、Zn及其混合物的回避反应

利用“Ｙ”形回避槽,进行了中国对虾（ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ　ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 对Ｐｂ 、Ｃｒ、Ｚｎ 及其混　合物的回避反应实验。计算得出中国对虾对Ｐｂ 、Ｃｒ、Ｚｎ 的５０ ％ 回避率浓度分别为１１ ．４、３３．２ 、和２３８．１ｍｇ／Ｌ。对虾对Ｐｂ － Ｃｒ 及Ｐｂ － Ｚｎ 混合液的回避反应呈相加作用,但当混合液浓度为０．５ 毒性单位Ｐｂ加０ ．５ 毒性单位Ｚｎ 时,回避反应呈协同作用。     

大港湾海域水产生物体内Cu,Zn和石油类的分析与评价

本文根据１９９７年７月福建省惠安县大港湾海域水产生物体内污染物的检测资料,０初步分析了大港湾海域的鱼类,甲壳类及贝类体内Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ和石油类的含量水平。其中在鱼体内Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ和石油类的平均含量分别为０．７６,５．０２,０．９３ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１,在甲壳类体内,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ和石油类的平均含量分别为３．０５,１３．９２,５．５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。在贝类体内,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ和石油类的平均含量分别为２．６１,１５．６     

象山港,三门湾菲律宾蛤仔重金属含量初步分析

在象山港和三门湾采集菲律宾蛤仔样品３０份和２０份，测定其重金属含量。结果表明，以平均值计，Ｈｇ为０．０４４０和未检出、Ｃｄ０．０７２２和０．０６２４、Ａｓ１．１０４８和１．７０４５、Ｐ了２４５和１．０５７７、Ｚｎ１０．７４１０和１１．５０００、Ｃｕ１．４３２２和１．０５７７、Ｃｒ０．２３５７和０．１１１９。对其结果经统计学处理，表明象山港的菲律宾蛤仔的Ｈｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ含量比三门湾高，而Ａｓ却相反，     

铜锌离子对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

研究了Ｃｕ＋＋、Ｚｎ＋＋对褶皱臂尾轮虫（Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ）的急性毒性影响。实验温度２５±１℃,轮虫对Ｃｕ＋＋的污染相当敏感,Ｃｕ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝１４．４７μｇ／Ｌ～２１．９３μｇ／Ｌ;Ｚｎ＋＋２４ｈ半致死浓度为２４ｈＬＣ５０＝３．４０４ｍｇ／Ｌ～４．５４９ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

川渝地区鸡皮刺螨的流行与综合防治

鸡皮刺螨是鸡的一种体外寄生的节肢动物,流行十分广泛,对养殖业发展有严重影响。为了解鸡皮刺螨的发病情况,对川渝两地的126个鸡场进行流行病学调查,感染率高达71%。同时,介绍了鸡皮刺螨的生活史、危害及防治措施,是防制鸡皮刺螨不可多得的资料。     

Composition and diversity of fish and fish catches in closures and open-access fisheries of Kenya

Abstract  Catch composition, relative abundance and diversity of fish catches in open access and three old fisheries closures were compared and contrasted with previous ecological studies. There was less variation in catch community composition among the fishing grounds than the closures, suggesting that fishing has homogenised catch composition. The trap survey found that some parrotfish [ Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy &Gaimard), Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes) and Scarus ghobban Forsskål] were relatively more common and that some important predators of macro-invertebrates [ Balistapus undulatus (Mungo Park) and Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch)] were less common in the fishing grounds than closures. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to visual census results, cumulative number of species in catch surveys was higher in open access than closures sites. This may result from fishers covering more area and habitat or a reduction in the catch of competitively subordinate and rare species by aggressive, early-caught fish that can dominate bait. Comparisons of ecological visual census surveys and fisheries-dependent methods indicated that small differences in catch composition can reflect larger ecological differences and that baiting methods can underestimate biodiversity. Ecological impacts of fishing and large-scale changes in marine ecosystems must be considerable given the many fisheries-dependent assessments report modest changes.     

虾蟹血淋巴的抽取与固定

随着人们对甲壳动物生理生态学研究的逐步深入,尤其是与免疫应答密切联系的血液生理学领域被广泛关注.抽取和固定血淋巴,成为进行血液学研究必不可少的步骤.那么如何更好地抽取和固定血淋巴呢,本文以虾蟹为例做了总结,以供参考.