马浆液性跗关节炎的内窥镜检查

应用关节内窥镜检查了7例马的浆液性跗关节炎。关节滑液呈淡黄或微黄色,均为稀薄、无味,大多为透明的液体.仅1例微浊,滑液量最少者82ml,多者达280ml。镜下见血管扩张,并有新生血管,有的病例滑膜血管断裂,滑液内混有血液或血凝块。有的病例滑膜增厚,粗糙,绒毛密度增大。绒毛形态多呈膜状、扇形及卷曲状。1例见有融合成桥的绒毛及软骨的部分被侵蚀,无光泽。     

奶牛正常跗关节的超声影像学观察

采用７．５ＭＨz的线扫探头对４个奶牛尸体跗关节和６头活体奶牛的８个跗关节的正常结 构进行了超声检查。一般骨骼的回声为光环或光线,关节囊呈明显的液怀暗区,腱质呈实性强回声。跗关节背侧的腓骨第三肌、趾长伸肌和趾内侧伸肌腱均可风到,下方为宽大的胫距关节囊,外侧为腓骨长肌和趾外侧伸肌腱,该腱周围有液性暗区的腱鞘。趾关节内侧超声影像图不清楚,后方是片状的趾浅屈肌和发达的趾深肌腱。     

奶牛正常腕,跗关节滑液主要生化成分的分析

采用常规实验室检查方法对６头中国荷斯坦奶牛腕关节和跗关节滑液中蛋白质、葡萄糖、钙和磷的含量进行了测定,并与血清中相应成分进行比较分析,结果,左右关节之间无差异,腕关节的总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白均比跗关节的低,但差异不显著。血清中的蛋白质、葡萄糖及磷的含量极显著地高于滑液中,只有钙的含量极显著地低于滑液中的含量。     

奶牛跗关节滑液的物理特性及细胞成分的研究

在众多的奶牛场中 ,关节疾病占有相当大的比例 ,因其对产乳量有一定的影响而受到重视。关节疾病的发生必然会引起滑液的物理性状和细胞成分的改变。因此 ,研究正常关节滑液的物理性状及细胞成分 ,对了解病理性关节滑液的变化规律 ,以及判断关节疾病的病性和早期诊疗有一定的临床实践意义。关于某些动物关节滑液性质的研究 ,国外有许多报道 ;国内只见有马的关节滑液中朊的电泳、健康蒙古马的关节滑液中细胞成分的研究和滑液计数法及其正常值等方面的研究。牛的有中国荷斯坦乳牛腕关节滑液某些成分的研究和以关节滑液的动态变化评价特定电磁波…     

椒盐灸配合火针治疗赛马跗关节滑膜炎

<正>滑膜炎是以关节囊滑膜层的病理变化为主的渗出性炎症。常发于马属动物,特别是赛马的跗关节滑膜炎发病率较高。其特征为附关节滑膜充血、肿胀及明显的渗出,使得关节腔内蓄积多量的浆液或浆液纤维素性渗出物。多年来,我们采用椒盐灸配合电针治疗赛马跗关节滑膜炎22例,疗效较好,报告如下。1发病情况与临床症状多年来,我们在深圳赛马会和深圳世界之窗车马仪仗队选取22匹跗关节滑膜炎的患马作为治疗对象,其中12匹为急性病例,10匹为慢性病     

牛跗关节外侧部纤维瘤的诊治

纤维瘤是结缔组织增生而形成的良性肿瘤 ,2 0 0 2年 4月24日 ,我院诊治 1头跗关节外侧部明显肿大的奶牛 ,经手术治疗效果良好。1　病史与症状 　该牛为 4岁奶牛 ,雌性 ,2 0 0 1年 8月份跗关节外侧部有直径 3ｃｍ左右的肿块 ,精神、食欲、运动均正常。用 0 .2 5 %普鲁卡因青霉素封闭疗法与涂擦刺激剂 5天未见好转 ,同时肌注抗生素 5ｄ。 2 0 0 2年 4月 2 4日 ,畜主反映肿块非常大 ,直径达 15ｃｍ ,精神、食欲和运动均无异常。2　诊断　根据病史和症状 ,触摸肿块 ,只能确认为肿瘤 ,很难确定肿瘤的性质。因此 ,从患部取出一小片病理组织送到延…     

马属动物跗关节滑膜炎的综合疗法

滑膜炎是滑膜受到一定的刺激之后而产生的炎症现象,也被称为浆液性关节炎,在马属动物中比较多发,尤以骑乘马居多。病马经常出现关节腔滑膜充血和肿胀的现象,伴随关节的疼痛和敏感以及肿胀,还会对其运动功能产生不利的影响。本文主要是对马属动物跗关节滑膜炎的发病原因和临床症状进行分析,探讨其综合治疗方法。     

用碳纤维编织物替代关节滑膜的研究

采用高技术处理的特种碳纤维编织物，替代实验动物兔膝关节滑膜，将实验动物分期分批剖杀并用扫描电子显微镜对增生的滑膜了观察。     

Arthroscopic removal of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia in the tarsocrural joint: A retrospective study of 13 cases

There is limited information on the treatment of lateral malleolus (LM) fractures in the horse, with no previously published case series for the outcome following arthroscopic removal of such fractures. This report reviews and evaluates findings of a retrospective study of 13 horses admitted to a private equine referral hospital over a 10 year period (1999–2009) that underwent arthroscopic removal of fractures of the LM. Hospital records were reviewed and details including patient history, aetiology of the fracture and limb affected, results of all diagnostic tests and surgical reports were documented. Performance information concerning Thoroughbred horses that went onto race post operatively was collected using an online database. Owners and trainers were contacted regarding the return to performance for non‐Thoroughbred cases or those that did not go onto race post operatively. Of the 13 horses presented, 12 were Thoroughbreds, 9 of which were National Hunt racehorses and 3 were Flat racehorses. The other horse in the study was used for general purpose riding. All cases presented with an acute unilateral fracture. Eleven of the 13 had >6 months post operative follow‐up and all were nonlame. Of the 12 Thoroughbreds, 10 have raced again, a total of 104 times (median 5 times). The median time from surgery to return to racing was 241 days (180–366 days). It is concluded that horses with fractures of the LM have an excellent prognosis for return to full athletic performance following arthroscopic debridement; and that arthroscopic fragment removal is an appropriate treatment method for fractures of the LM.     

Light and Electron Microscopic Investigation of Equine Synovial Membrane: A Comparison Between Healthy Joints and joints with Intraarticular Fractures and Osteochondrosis Dissecans

Light and electron microscopic examination was made on equine synovial membrane from 23 healthy joints, nine joints with synovitis caused by intraarticular fracture and 10 joints with synovitis caused by osteochondrosis dissecans. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the equine synovial membrane from healthy joints was of principally the same character as described in other species. Three types of synovial membrane — areolar, fibrous and adipose — and two types of lining cell were distinguished histologically. Ultrastructurally three types of lining cells were distinguished: A and Β type and an intermediate cell type. In healthy joints they were loosely arranged, parallel to the joint surface in an intercellular matrix, which was in direct continuity with the joint space. In joints with intraarticular fracture there was mild inflammation of the synovial membrane. There was elongation and hyperplasia of the lining cells with a relative increase in type A cells. The cell surface of lining cells was increased through filopodia. There was also an increase in cytoplasmic organelles i.e. hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes in Β type cells and an increase in lysosomes, and increased numbers of vesicles of varying types in A cells. In joints with osteochondrosis dissecans the lining cell hyperplasia and the inflammation in the synovial membrane were more prominent. Ultrastructurally the same alterations as in the previous group were seen including a relative increase in the number of A cells but degenerative changes were common in the lining cells. These changes were dilatation and vesiculation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial condensation, dilatation of the nuclear envelope and loss of plasma membranes, leading to disintegration of cells.     

Synovial membrane microarthroscopy of the equine midcarpal joint

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of microarthroscopy in the equine midcarpal joint using the vital stains methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B to observe components of the synovial lamina propria, vascular architecture, and synoviocytes. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Ten horses. METHODS: Microarthroscopy of left and right midcarpal joints was performed with and without vital staining of the synovium. Four vital stains (methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B) were evaluated, with each stain used in 5 joints. Synovial biopsy specimens were collected from the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the joint. RESULTS: All dyes were biocompatible. At x 60 without vital staining, synovial surface topography, vascular network, and translucency were observed. Intra-articular vital dyes improved evaluation of synovial surface topography. At x 150 with vital staining, individual synoviocytes were clearly identified with all dyes, except neutral red. Although methylene blue provided the best in vivo microscopic differentiation of the structure of the intima, trypan blue had superior retention in conventionally processed synovial biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B stains can be used safely for microarthroscopy. Good visualization of cells and vascular network can be obtained by microarthroscopy, and microarthroscopic evaluation of the synovium compares favorably with conventional histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Microarthroscopy may be beneficial in both research and clinical diagnosis of equine articular diseases.     

磷对奶牛红细胞膜脂质的影响

对１５例临床上有明显低磷血症的奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜脂质成分进行了测定。结果表明，低磷血症奶牛血清磷、红细胞膜磷脂明显降低；红细胞膜胆固醇及膜胆固醇／磷脂摩尔比值（ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ）明显升高，与健康对照组牛相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；直线相关分析表明，血清磷与红细胞膜磷脂之间呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９１７，ｙ＝１０．８５２ｘ＋３．１９６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；与红细胞膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间分别呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４０，ｙ＝２．８５０ｘ－１．０７２，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝－０．９２０，ｙ＝１．９６８ｘ－１．４０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外，红细胞膜微粘度与膜磷脂之间呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９５４，ｙ＝１９．１２２ｘ－４．３８４，Ｐ＜０．０１），而与膜胆固醇以及ｎｃｈ／ｎｐｌ之间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９８８，ｙ＝０．９２７ｘ＋０．９６４，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．９７８，ｙ＝－０．２９３ｘ＋１．１１３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明，磷是红细胞膜脂质成分改变的先决因素，而后者又是红细胞膜流动性及膜结构、功能发生变化并导致膜损伤的一个重要因素。     

荷斯坦奶牛的三阶段饲养试验

针对奶牛的生长发育特点,将围产期与产奶牛细分为3个阶段,即围产前期(产前21d到分娩)、围产后期(分娩到产后21d)、产奶期(产后21d到产奶结束),并根据3个阶段的生长发育特点和营养需求建立饲养管理程序。试验结果表明,干奶期和围产期饲养程序可以降低胎衣不下、产褥热、酮病和子宫炎的发病率(P<0.05),试验组产奶量比对照组高出6.08kg,差异显著(P<0.05),2组的乳成分没有显著变化(P>0.05)。     

德国弗莱维赫(Fleckvieh)牛和本地牛杂交F1代母牛生长发育性状测定及分析

[目的]为了研究德国弗莱维赫(Fleckvieh)牛与本地母牛杂交F_1代育成母牛生长发育性状和生长发育规律,为培育北大荒乳肉兼用牛品种,开展选育提高奠定基础。[方法]采用各批次测定体重校正到统一月龄,测定了其初生、4月龄(断奶)、12月龄及18月龄4个阶段的体重、体尺,并对各阶段表型值比较分析。[结果]德国弗莱维赫(Fleckvieh)牛与本地母牛杂交F_1代母牛平均日增重、胸围和体斜长性状,在初生至4月龄断奶阶段生长发育最快;从4月龄断奶至18月龄,与纯种德国弗莱维赫种公牛与澳系(澳大利亚)西门塔尔母牛杂交后代相比,在体重和体尺上有一定差异。[结论]需要不断地改良,以提高后代的生长发育性状,进一步提高生产性能。     

同一日粮下泌乳牦牛与干奶牦牛消化代谢能力的比较研究

在同一日粮条件下,对泌乳牦牛和干奶牦牛的消化代谢能力进行了比较研究。结果表明,在泌乳牦牛和干奶牦牛体内,日粮消化率间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,能量代谢率间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;蛋白质代谢在干奶牦牛体内为正平衡,而在泌乳牦牛体内为负平衡;在干奶牦牛体内,钙、磷代谢均为负平衡,而在泌乳牦牛体内,钙为正平衡,磷为负平衡。