筑床施药技术药液喷施浓度试验研究

用3%业用硫酸亚铁水溶液给土壤消毒灭菌,是提高保苗率和优质苗木产出率的有效办法之一,但其作业量很大,多年来一直困扰育苗生产。筑床施药技术是精细筑床技术和工业用高效喷涂技术的有机结合,形成一种新型的苗圃土壤消毒灭菌技术。本次试验目的是探索施药浓度的量化指标,检验作业效果如何。通过对比试验分析,最佳施药浓度为6.27%;新型的筑床施药技术可以大幅度减少施药量,降低环境污染,平均施药量不足过去的40%;由于施药液量的大幅度减少和机械化作业的实现,作业质量和作业效率显著提高,按用工量计算可提高30倍以上。     

浙江蜡梅大移栽技术研究

对野生浙江蜡梅大苗移栽技术进行试验研究，结果表明，精细作床和遮萌处理的对其移栽成活率有极显著影响，只要精细作床，开好水沟，认真栽植管理，成活率可达９０％以上。     

2BTRH-5型红松播种机实验分析

2BTRH-5型红松播种机采用交错式凸齿柔性护种排种装置,可实现床作精少量播种作业,彻底解决了长期以来一直无法解决的排种器伤种、伤芽等问题,机具的作业质量和作业效率也有显著提高。整机结构简单,操作方便,制造成本低。性能和生产试验结果表明:机具的作业质量比手工作业显著提高,生产率提高了4倍以上,作业成本比手工作业减少了2倍以上,节约良种30%以上,具有显著的经济效益和生态效益。     

核桃楸不同整地方式育苗效果

根据凤城边门苗圃的山区气候和土壤特点,采用垄作、床作、畦作3种整地方式进行播种育苗试验,结果表明,辽东地区核桃楸育苗选择垄作整地方式比床作和畦作整地效果好,能显著提高苗木生长量和生根量。垄作比床作和畦作整地育苗地径提高71.74%和122.54%,其他各项指标提高的幅度也都达到了55%以上。     

油橄榄露天土床扦插繁殖

我所位于湖南丘陵地区,土壤偏酸(PH5.5),于1972年引种友谊树——油橄榄。在引种的同时,为了解决推广扩种种源不足的矛盾,开展了油橄榄插条繁殖试验,通过四年的反复实践,初步摸出扦插生根率与插壤、温度、湿度的相关规律,从而使油橄榄扦插繁殖从温室走向露天,从中沙床到细沙床,再由细沙床过渡到土床,简化了工序,降低了成有,节省了劳力。而且成活率显著提高,一般达90％以上;如去年秋冬扦插17,000根,生根并移栽15,393根。     

苗圃精细筑床机设计

林业苗圃筑床机是育苗生产全程机械化的基础设备,但该设备三十多年几乎没有任何改进.针对原有(传统)筑床杌在作业过程中存在的问题和现代育苗生产的需求,研制开发了新型的苗圃精细筑床机.介绍了苗圃精细筑床机的总体方案、总体结构及总体参数的设计,以及其关键部件的设计过程.     

我国苗圃机械取得技术突破

2009年2月12日，由国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所主持的“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目“现代化农业与机械化耕作技术研究与示范”下设的“营林机械化关键技术研究与开发”课题在北京通过了农业部农业机械化管理司纽织的专家验收。课题在林业苗圃精细作业技术方面解决了我国现有旧机型消耗功率大、作业质量差、床体土壤分布不合理等问题，解决了我国一直依靠手工进行高密度苗木移植作业的难点问题，真正实现了苗木的高密度移植机械化。     

2ZYZ-20型自行式苗木移植机试验分析

2ZYZ-20自行式苗木移植机应用横格式苗木移植新方法,实现了苗木高密度移植作业机械化;底盘采用通用的可拆动力系统,使设备整体结构简单,便于操作控制,提高了通用性和配套性;行走装置采用橡胶履带,使机组附着力增大,打滑率减小,设备作业平稳可靠。样机性能试验及生产试验结果表明：该机的作业成本比人工作业减少20％～30％,生产率是人工定额作业的4倍左右,优质苗木的产出率提高15％以上,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

套种棘托竹荪对毛竹林土壤理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸特性和酶活性的影响

对套种棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens)林土壤理化性质、土壤磷脂脂肪酸特性及其土壤酶活性进行了研究.结果表明:相比未套种林分毛竹林套种棘托竹荪能显著增加土壤有机质含量(P＜0.05),土壤pH值提高了4.97％;显著提高了全氮、速效氮、全磷的含量,增加了钾的活性(P＜0.05);微生物群落结构存在差异,套种显著提高了土壤总PLFA、细菌和真菌的含量(P＜0.05),细菌/真菌比值有所下降;脲酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、氧化氢酶、磷酸酶的活性显著升高(P＜0.05),分别比未套种提高了58.33％、50.00％、21.43％、19.12％、5.43％.     

油橄榄露天土床扦插繁殖

我所位于湘南丘陵地区,土壤为红壤偏酸(PH5.5),于1972年引种友谊树——油橄榄。在引种的同时,为了解决推广扩种种源不足的矛盾,开展了油橄榄插条繁殖试验,通过四年的反复实践,初步摸出扦插生根率与插壤、温度、湿度的相关规律,从而使油橄榄扦插繁殖从温室走向露天,从中沙床到细沙床,再由细沙床过渡到土床,简化了工序,降低了成本,节省了劳力。而且成活率显著提高,一般达90%以上;如去年秋冬扦插17000根,生根并移栽15393根。     

Biological effectiveness of didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) against basidiomycetes following preconditioning in soil bed tests

Evaluation of wood preservatives in soil-contact tests is becoming an important issue since detoxification of wood-protecting compounds by fungi and bacteria found in soil may decrease the resistance of treated wood. In this study, the decay resistance of wood treated with didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF), a recently developed quaternary ammonia compound, was evaluated in both soil bed and laboratory decay resistance tests. Small specimens (5×10×100 mm³) of DBF-treated and untreated sugi sapwood were subjected to decay in laboratory soil bed tests (DIN ENV 807 (2001)) followed by Basidiomycetes tests (DIN EN 113 (1996)). Exposure in field soil and compost soil substrates was used to observe the effects of wood degrading and other soil-inhabiting micro-organisms on the decay resistance of the specimens. Soil bed tests showed that DBF-treated wood specimens at 7.7 kg/m³ retention level (1% DBF solution concentration) showed better performance compared to 0.01 and 0.1% DBF treatments. The 7.7 kg/m³ retention level was also effective to protect the wood specimens against Coniophora puteana and Coriolus versicolor in Basidiomycetes tests. It is concluded that detoxification of wood preservatives in soil contact is an important factor to determine protective properties of treated wood in ground contact applications. Further experiments with larger specimens are needed to observe the performance of DBF-treated wood at higher retention levels in field above ground and ground contact tests. Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.C. Mult. Walter Liese on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

杉木连栽林地土壤特征和回心土造林更新技术研究

杉木连栽与头栽土壤的研究表明，连栽引起土壤物理性状变差，土壤有机质，Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ养分含量下降，土壤微生物数量减少、酶活性和呼吸强度下降。经盆栽试验、连栽造林试验表明，不利于杉木连栽生长的限制因子集中在表土层，采用回心土造林技术，杉木生长量和保存率显著提高。     

白皮松容器育苗及大苗培育技术

本文介绍了白皮松容器育苗采种、选地、作床、配土装袋、种子处理、播种、苗期管理、及大苗培育技术要点。     

广适性有机栽培基质筛选试验研究

利用菇渣、畜禽粪、枯枝落叶等农林废弃物为主要原料研制有机环保型栽培基质,既可以减少农业面源污染,变废为宝,又可节省土壤、草炭等难再生资源。经3批田间栽培试验表明:以菌苞为主要原料发酵的基质处理均效果良好,而以枯枝落叶发酵的基质处理均出现异常,表现不及对照。3批栽培试验中综合表现最好的基质配方为处理1:菌苞60%+畜禽粪30%+草炭10%+发酵菌1。     

朱砂根仿生栽培研究

朱砂根性耐阴，一般只能在荫蔽的环境下才能正常生长。利用仿生栽培技术进行朱砂根商品苗的培育，有成本低、土地利用率高等诸多特点。选择适合的仿生林是仿生栽培的关键。通过对几个树种仿生林及设施栽培的对比试验，选择出最佳的朱砂根栽培模式。研究结果表明，通过对仿生栽培及设施栽培性价比分析，可以看出仿生栽培可降低成本达16％～40％，同时杜英林相比深山含笑、乳源木莲、木荷、马褂木具有更好的仿生效果。     

续:任豆在酸性土壤上的生长表现和栽培技术

文章总结了任豆在酸性(pH值3.5~5.0)土壤的生长表现和栽培技术,实践表明,任豆栽培措施中增施生石灰、煤渣、火烧土等肥料则林木生长良好,这为在酸性土壤上栽培任豆提供了技术参考。     

Forest farming of wine-cap <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stropharia</Emphasis> mushrooms

Cultivation of the wine-cap Stropharia mushroom (Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow ex. Murrill) has potential as a forest farming practice in agroforestry. Two outdoor cultivation experiments were established in central Missouri during 2006. We examined Stropharia production in response to two substrate/casing systems: (1) an uncased mixture of lightly composted poplar wood chips and soil, without casing; and (2) leached and partially fermented wheat straw cased with the same chip/soil mixture. We also examined the effect of soil contact (presence/absence of water-permeable fabric), and inoculation season (mid versus late summer) over two field seasons. Mushroom production during both seasons (2006 and 2007) was greater from the straw/chips system than from the wood chip system. The use of ground-cover fabric did not enhance mushroom production. Further research is needed to determine the most productive dimensions of cultivation beds, to evaluate alternative casing methods, and to explore the possibility of cultivation bed renewal with fresh substrate.     

湖北省野生牡丹的人工繁殖技术研究

主要介绍了分布在湖北省境内的5个野生牡丹种和1个亚种(紫斑牡丹、杨山牡丹、卵叶牡丹、红斑牡丹、保康牡丹5个种和林氏牡丹1个亚种)的人工繁殖和育苗管理技术,通过多年采用不同的繁殖方法、地类土质和季节分别对比试验,摸索出对不同品种人工育苗的比较适宜的地类土质、季节和繁殖方法等,以为大量繁育湖北省野生牡丹品种苗木、推广和研究利用提供参考。     

Site preparation of abandoned fields and early establishment of planted small-sized seedlings of silver birch

Field experiments at two sites in Sweden investigated the possibility of establishing silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) on abandoned fields by planting small (5–10 cm tall) seedlings. The effects of five modes of soil preparation (no preparation, rotary cultivation, deep ploughing, soil inversion, and removal of topsoil) with or without preliminary herbicide weed control on seedling performance were studied for three growing seasons following plantation. Both a split-plot design and a randomized block design were used to evaluate the experiments. Where there was no site preparation, seedling survival was close to nil. The highest seedling survival rates on the site with sandy soil were obtained on sites prepared by removing topsoil, or by transposing it by deep ploughing. On the site with silty soil, the best survival was observed on sites created by soil inversion or rotary cultivation. The tallest seedlings were found on sites with topsoil retained within the soil profile. Herbicide application with glyphosate promoted seedling survival and seedling height in combination with no soil preparation, but was of little effect when followed by mechanical soil preparation.     

竹林下棘托竹荪不同栽培方式对其产量的影响

为筛选适宜广东地区棘托竹荪栽培的主要方式与技术，对比了竹林下棘托竹荪不同栽培方式(床栽、箱栽、棒栽)及覆土配方、基质施用尿素、林分郁闭度等对棘托竹荪产量的影响。结果表明：1)覆土为蚯蚓粪与表土1∶1混合的棘托竹荪产量最高，达到8.52 kg/1.5 m²；其生物转化率也最大，为37.9%。2)基质喷施尿素后可显著提高子实体产量，与对照相比总产量增加153%，子实体数量增加159%。3)竹林郁闭度为0.8、覆土方式为凹凸形时，棘托竹荪产量最高，达到12.51 kg/m²；其生物转化率最大，为99.3%。4)在床栽、箱栽、棒栽3种栽培方式中，棒栽方式棘托竹荪采摘周期较长、子实体产量较高、投入较低。研究结果可为广东地区竹荪栽培产业发展提供参考。