Penconazole and calcium improves drought stress tolerance and oil quality in canola

In this study, the effects of penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca) on growth amelioration and quality of seed oil in canola (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress reduced the growth parameters (fresh weight and dry weight) in canola; however the application of PEN and Ca improved these parameters under drought condition. Inducing effect of Ca on protein content was more prominent than PEN. Proline content increased under drought stress and PEN and Ca treatment caused more induction it under drought. PEN and Ca alleviated the negative effects of drought stress in canola by inducing antioxidant defense. The application of PEN and Ca caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide and mitigation of the drought induced oxidative stress. Drought stress induced protein content, total phenol, flavonol content, soluble sugar, palmitic acid and palmitoloic acid, and reduced flavonoid content, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and linolonoic acid in canola seed. PEN and Ca increased palmitic acid, linoleic acid (Omega-6), linolenic acid (Omega-3), oleic acid, protein, and soluble sugar. Our results indicated that application of PEN and Ca enables canola plants to withstand the deleterious impact of drought stress and caused improvement of antioxidant capacity, essential fatty acids (linolenic acid and linolonoic acid) and oil quality in canola seed.     

香蕉树中度荫蔽下充分灌水提高干热区咖啡产量及品质

为研究香蕉荫蔽栽培下灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡产量和品质的影响,以5 a生小粒咖啡为研究对象,通过大田试验,设3个灌水水平:充分灌水(FI)、轻度亏缺灌水(DIL:75%FI)和重度亏缺灌水(DIS:50%FI),4个荫蔽栽培模式:无荫蔽(S0:单作咖啡)、轻度荫蔽(SL:4行咖啡间作1行香蕉)、中度荫蔽(SM:3行咖啡间作1行香蕉)、重度荫蔽(SS:2行咖啡间作1行香蕉),并运用主成分分析和TOPSIS法对生豆营养品质(总糖、蛋白质、脂肪、咖啡因、绿原酸、粗纤维和水浸出物)进行综合评价。结果表明:小粒咖啡干豆产量受荫蔽栽培模式和灌水水平极显著的影响(P0.01),其中FISM处理的干豆产量最高(5 854.34 kg/hm2),且百粒干质量最大,而该处理的百粒体积和百粒鲜质量与各处理中的最大值相比差异不显著(P0.05)。小粒咖啡大多生豆营养品质在不同荫蔽栽培模式和灌水水平下差异显著(P0.05),蛋白质、脂肪、绿原酸和水浸出物含量间呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。主成分分析法和TOPSIS法均表明,FISS处理的综合品质最优,其次是FISM处理,而DISS0处理的最差。与FIS0相比,FISM处理的产量增加14.32%,而FISS处理减少15.69%。从小粒咖啡提质增产的综合效益考虑,建议干热区小粒咖啡灌水处理和香蕉荫蔽栽培模式的最佳组合选用中度荫蔽栽培下充分灌水,该结果可为干热区小粒咖啡水光管理提供理论依据和实践参考。     

Vermicompost and Manure Compost Reduce Water-Deficit Stress in Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange)

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of irrigation regime and potting media on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of pot marigold. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design. The first factor was irrigation regime in three levels of 80, 60 and 40% available water content and the second factor was potting media in five levels of 20% vermicompost, 30% vermicompost, 20% manure compost, 30% manure compost and control (sand and soil in equal proportions). Morpho-physiological traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of flowering stem, root diameter, root length, root dry weight, aerial dry weight, total dry weight, relative water content, ionic stability and water use efficiency) and biochemical traits (malondialdehyde content, catalase and peroxidase activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) were measured. Morpho-physiological parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased under water deficit, while increased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. Also, lipid peroxidation, catalase and peroxidase activity enhanced under water deficit, while decreased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. In other words, the application of vermicompost and manure compost in potting media reduced the harmful effects of water deficit. Total dry mass and water use efficiency were about 3-fold higher in plants grown in 30% vermicompost or 30% manure compost substrate compared to those in control plants. The results suggest that the application of 30% manure compost could be recommended as suitable potting media due to reducing the negative effects of water shortages, helping to nourish the plant, cheapness and accessibility compared with 30% vermicompost.     

花后土壤干旱和渍水对不同专用小麦籽粒品质的影响

在温室盆栽条件下,以4个籽粒蛋白质含量不同的小麦基因型为材料,研究了花后土壤干旱(SRWC=45%～50%)、渍水和适宜水分条件(SRWC=75%～80%)下小麦籽粒主要品质特性。干旱显著提高各品种籽粒蛋白质含量、谷蛋白含量及谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值,并显著提高面粉干/湿面筋含量。渍水显著降低了籽粒谷蛋白含量及谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值。干旱和渍水均显著降低籽粒淀粉产量和支链淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量提高,从而不同程度地降低籽粒直/支链淀粉比。干旱和渍水对各品种籽粒面筋指数、沉降值和降落值的影响因品种而异。与对照相比,干旱和渍水下小麦籽粒各品质性状间的相关性降低,表明土壤水分逆境下各籽粒品质特征值与正常水分条件下差异明显,从而改变了专用小麦的籽粒品质特性。     

干旱胁迫下施钾水平对油菜生长特性、籽粒品质和钾素利用的影响

[目的]探究长期干旱胁迫下不同施钾水平对油菜生长、籽粒品质、钾素利用的影响,旨在明确不同钾肥水平下油菜通过调节生长和营养分配应对干旱胁迫的机制,为油菜抗旱栽培提供科学依据.[方法]以抗旱油菜品种油研57和干旱敏感品种川油36为试验材料,采用盆栽土培试验,每盆装风干土10 kg,设置K2O施用量0、80和160 mg/k...     

适度水分亏缺管理提高青稞营养品质和环境效益

【目的】 针对青藏高原水资源短缺会降低青稞产量,但对产量构成和籽粒品质特性的影响尚不明确的问题,研究不同水分供应对青稞籽粒产量构成以及营养品质的影响,为青稞合理高效栽培管理提供理论依据。 【方法】 以昆仑14号为供试品种,进行了随机区组田间试验。设计灌溉至田间持水量的75% (充分灌溉处理)、50% (水分轻度亏缺处理) 和25% (水分重度亏缺处理) 3个水平。调查了青稞根系、产量和籽粒NPK、蛋白质和氨基酸含量。 【结果】 水分亏缺显著降低青稞公顷穗数、穗长、穗粒数、产量、分蘖数、株高,且降幅随水分亏缺程度的加剧而增大。水分亏缺致使青稞产量显著降低,但不同亏缺程度对产量三因素的影响存在一定差异。水分轻度亏缺使公顷穗数和穗粒数显著降低,重度亏缺使产量三因素均显著降低。水分亏缺下青稞籽粒中氮、钾、蛋白质和总氨基酸的含量均呈升高趋势,且随着水分亏缺程度的加剧而进一步增加。重度亏缺处理青稞籽粒中磷含量、必需和非必需氨基酸含量均比充分灌溉显著升高。 【结论】 水分轻度亏缺有助于促进青稞根系生长,重度亏缺则会严重抑制根系生长。水分亏缺不利于青稞穗部的生长发育,导致其产量显著降低,却有利于籽粒中蛋白质及其组分含量的提高。适度亏缺灌溉不仅能节约水资源和降低农业成本,且该灌溉方式下青稞产量和籽粒中养分、蛋白质及其组分的含量均较高,为较佳的灌溉制度。      

Experimental drought reduced acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and increased organic extractable P in soil in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest

A six-year (1999–2005) experiment of drought manipulation was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest (Southern Catalonia) to simulate predicted climatic conditions projected for the decades to come. The aim was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of drought conditions on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in soil and on P concentrations in soil, leaves and litter throughout the year. Soil acid phosphatase activity was higher than soil alkaline phosphatase activity. Drought reduced acid phosphatase activity in soil in all seasons, including summer and winter, the seasons with less biological activity due to water and cold stress. Reductions of soil water content between 13 and 29% reduced soil acid phosphatase activity between 22 and 27% depending on the season. Drought reduced alkaline phosphatase activity (by 28%) only in winter. Soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with soil water content in all seasons. In contrast short-term available-P which increased under drought in several seasons was weakly correlated with soil phosphatase activities. As a result, immediately/short-term available-P concentration ratios decreased in all the seasons (between 10 and 71%). Drought increased foliar P concentration and reduced the C/P concentration ratio in litter fall of the dominant tree Q. ilex. Drought also decreased the ratio between organic C and short-term available-P in soil. The results show that soil phosphatase activity is more directly dependent on changes in water availability than on changes in its substrate, short-term available-P. These effects of drought have several implications: the accumulation in the soil of labile P not directly available to plants, the increase in potential P losses from leaching and erosion during the torrential rainfalls typical of the Mediterranean climate, and changes in plant, litter and soil C:P stoichiometry that may lead to changes in soil trophic chains.     

Effects of drought stress on the seedling growth,development, and metabolic activity in different cultivars of canola

ABSTRACT

The comparative effects of drought stress on seed performance, growth parameters, free proline content, lipid peroxidation, and several antioxidative enzymes activities were studied in both cultivars of Brassica napus L. Drought stress increased mean germination rate and mean of day germination in both cultivars, and its effect was more pronounced in RGS003. The length and dry weight of root increased significantly in both cultivars under drought. RGS003 was more tolerant and obtained more biomass under drought than that of Sarigol. Proline content and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase expression increased in Sarigol under drought. Measurement of malondialdehyde content in seedlings showed that lipid peroxidation was lower in RGS003 than in Sarigol. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed different trends in the two cultivars under drought stress but were higher in RGS003 than in Sarigol. These results suggest that RGS003 is better protected against drought-induced oxidative damage. Lipoxygenase activity only induced under water deficit condition in RGS003. Changes of respiratory enzymes activities of RGS003 subjected to drought stress showed a pattern different with Sarigol. Drought stress induced aconitase activity in RGS003, but it reduced fumarase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in Sarigol. This study showed that RGS003 exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and RGS003 is more drought-tolerant than Sarigol possibly by maintaining and/or increasing growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and respiratory enzymes activities.     

调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌菘蓝生长发育和产量的影响

2019年在河西绿洲冷凉灌区民乐县益民灌溉试验站进行了调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌菘蓝生长动态、产量和水分利用效率影响的大田试验研究。在苗期充分供水条件下,以全生育期充分供水(75%～85%的田间持水量)为对照,在营养生长期进行轻度、中度和重度水分调亏,在肉质根生长期进行轻度和中度水分调亏,在肉质根成熟期进行轻度水分调亏,分别测定了水分调亏菘蓝农艺性状的阶段性改变、干物质积累和分配、产量及水分利用效率。结果表明,在营养生长期和肉质根生长期对菘蓝进行中度和重度水分调亏、成熟期进行轻度水分调亏均会显著降低其株高、主根长、主根直径和叶面积指数(P0.05),而营养生长期和肉质根生长期对菘蓝进行轻度调亏其株高、主根长、主根直径和叶面积指数与对照处理间无显著差异(P0.05)。营养生长期以及肉质根生长期进行中度水分调亏和重度水分调亏会降低菘蓝干物质积累量,降幅为3.11%～15.67%,而轻度水分调亏则不会显著影响其干物质积累量。WT1和WT4处理的经济产量与对照无显著差异,其值分别为8 554.18,8 398.70 kg/hm~2,其他各处理均导致菘蓝经济产量降低,降幅为6.89%～18.33%,WT4处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率最高,比对照提高7.91%和7.39%。因此,在营养生长期—肉质根生长期施加连续轻度水分调亏,其他生育期充分供水是实现河西绿洲冷凉灌区菘蓝节水高产高效灌溉制度。     

调亏灌溉促进涌泉根灌枣树生长提高产量

调亏灌溉是作物通过主动调节自身营养达到节水和提高果实产量等目的。该文通过微灌枣树试验,研究了涌泉根灌下调亏灌溉对山地枣树生长与产量的影响。2013年分别在萌芽展叶期和开花坐果期进行轻度、中度和重度3个调亏水平调亏处理试验。结果表明:轻度和中度水分亏缺均对枣吊的生长起到抑制作用,能够有效减少新梢生长及夏季修剪量,而对枣树果实的生长起到了促进作用,达到增产的目的。轻度、中度和重度水分亏缺与充分灌溉相比,枣吊长度分别减少了7.2%、13.2%和19.7%(P0.05)。枣树坐果期,果实生长缓慢,轻度、中度、重度调亏以及充分灌溉果实生长量分别为果实最终体积的14.5%、14.1%、13.8%和13.5%。与充分灌溉相比,轻度调亏的枣树最终产量提高了22.1%(P0.05)。可见,调亏灌溉会较为显著的影响枣树的最终产量。适宜的水分亏缺对枣树果实生长与产量有促进作用,且提高了水分利用率。     

双季稻减排增收的水氮优化管理模式筛选

为筛选出"低投入-低排放-高收益"的稻田水氮管理模式，该研究以汉江平原双季稻为研究对象，设计4种氮肥管理方式：1）普通尿素；2）树脂包膜控释尿素；3）普通尿素减氮20%；4）控释尿素减氮20%，和2种水分管理方式：1）常规灌溉；2）薄浅湿晒节水灌溉。采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放量，应用生命周期法（life cycle assessment, LCA）计算水稻生产碳足迹，基于成本收益核算分析单位水稻产量和单位净收益的碳排放强度。结果表明，控释尿素能有效提高双季稻产量，节水灌溉和减氮20%能节约投入成本，对双季稻产量存在一定负效应，但差异不显著。相比普通尿素和常规灌溉，不同水氮优化处理可不同程度降低水稻生产的碳足迹和排放强度，并有助于提高收益。其中节水灌溉搭配控释尿素减氮的综合减排效果最好，早、晚稻总减排量分别为45.8%和42.5%（P<0.05），同时全年净利润最高，达14 340元/hm2。因此，节水灌溉、控释尿素同时减氮20%的组合技术可实现稻田节本减排增收。     

Potassium distribution in root and non‐root zones of two cotton genotypes and its accumulation in their organs as affected by drought and potassium stress conditions

A rhizobox experiment was conducted to compare the differences of soil potassium (K) distribution and absorption between two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under drought and K‐deficit conditions. Treatments included two levels of water (drought and optimum soil moisture: 25% and 35% volumetric water content) and K fertilizer rates (0 and 0.48 g potash kg^?1 soil) applied to two cotton genotypes (namely HEG and LEG). Both the genotypes showed significant differences in total K accumulation without exogenous K addition. After absorption, soil content of the readily available potassium (RAK) decreased rapidly. This promoted the conversion of the mineral K into slowly available potassium (SAK). Drought significantly decreased the cotton growth and K use efficiency, and thereby reduced the effect of K fertilizer. Consequantly, the contents of RAK and SAK were greatly increased. However, K bioavailability was decreased under water stress conditions. Differences in root parameters and soil microorganisms between two cotton genotypes were significantly increased and had marked relations with available soil K contents. This study provides important information for understanding the mechanism of K use efficiency, especially under water and K stress.     

水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响

研究水氮耦合对葡萄树光合、果实品质及产量变化的影响,对于发展葡萄产业具有科学指导意义。本研究利用Li-6400便携式光合仪,在葡萄浆果成熟期对不同水分亏缺及施氮水平下的酿酒葡萄进行了光合日变化测定,同时对可溶性固形物及产量进行测定。结果表明,土壤水分亏缺会导致气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合速率的下降,而施氮量的增加能消减下降趋势。低氮条件下,轻度和重度水分亏缺分别使葡萄产量降低32.2%和49.9%,使浆果可溶性固形物含量分别提高6.9%和13.9%;氮素充足条件下,尽管存在水分亏缺,但葡萄产量无显著降低,且浆果可溶性固形物含量提高16.2%。该研究对于认识葡萄水肥耦合关系、指导水肥管理实践提供了理论依据。     

干旱和盐胁迫对花生干物质积累及光合特性的影响

为明确干旱和盐胁迫对花生生长发育及光合特性的影响,以花育25为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设置正常供水(75%田间最大持水量,CK)、中度干旱胁迫(45%田间最大持水量,D)、盐胁迫(75%田间最大持水量,土壤含盐量0.3%,S)、旱盐胁迫(45%田间最大持水量,含盐量0.3%,DS)4个处理,研究开花期干旱和盐胁迫对花生光合特性和干物质积累的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,中度干旱胁迫降低了花生叶片的相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn),增加了叶片的SPAD值、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd);盐胁迫降低了花生叶片的相对含水量、Pn和SPAD值,增加了LCP和Rd;随着胁迫时间的延长,DS处理的叶片相对含水量、Pn、SPAD值、LCP和Rd的变化趋势与盐胁迫基本一致。干旱胁迫结束复水10 d后,D处理的各项指标与CK无显著差异;但旱盐胁迫与盐胁迫间差异显著,干旱胁迫结束复水10 d时,旱盐胁迫的叶片相对含水量和Pn分别较盐胁迫降低1.57%、16.67%,LCP和Rd较盐胁迫分别升高78.07%、45.78%。旱盐胁迫降低了花生主茎高、侧枝长和植株干重的V_max(最大生长速率)和T_m(V_max出现时间),单株荚果产量较CK降低41.10%。干旱和盐胁迫对花生单株产量和出米率存在显著的交互作用,旱盐互作加剧了盐胁迫对花生植株生长的危害,因此盐胁迫下种植花生应在开花期及时灌水、防止盐分和干旱双重胁迫。本试验结果为盐碱地花生种植的合理灌溉和高产稳产提供了理论指导。     

Effects of straw,vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem

A soil microcosm study was carried out to compare the effects of straw, vegetable oil or whey additions on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem after 18 weeks of incubation. The application rates of the different organic materials were based on the addition of carbon at a concentration equivalent to 1% of soil dry mass.Straw, vegetable oil and whey additions to soil increased dry aggregate size distribution during incubation. All organic treatments had significantly higher mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates than the untreated control. The ability of whey, straw and oil to increase MWD did not differ significantly. Only straw addition significantly increased soil maximum water-holding capacity after 126 days of incubation. In comparison with the untreated control, straw tended to reduce the resistance of aggregates to abrasion, while addition of whey and vegetable oil seemed to have a positive effect on this property. Aggregates of organic matter amended soil materials had higher resistance to the dispersive action of water than those of the untreated control. Whey and straw additions sustained higher soil biomass-C contents and C_mic/C_org ratios than vegetable oil. Biomass development was most favored by whey addition. Fungal contributions to biomass-C dominated over bacterial contributions in whey and straw-amended soil. The opposite was observed for the oil treatment. Increases in MWD of dry aggregates seem to be related to the synthesis of biomass and soil binding metabolites in whey and straw-treated soil. Among the organic treatments, oil-amended soil had the highest respiratory activity and the lowest biomass content. Stabilizing agents derived from the microbial metabolism using oily substrate are discussed.     

Cattle manure biochar potential for ameliorating soil physical characteristics and spinach response under drought

Drought and low amounts of organic matter are two main constraints in arid and semiarid regions and their adverse effects on soils and plants can be alleviated by biochar (B). Therefore, the influence of 0 (0B), 1.25 (1.25B), 2.5 (2.5B) and 5% (5B) cattle-manure biochar on the growth and physiological traits of spinach and physical characteristics of postharvest soil under field capacity (FC), 0.7FC and 0.55FC conditions was evaluated. Drought decreased stomatal conductance (SC), water use efficiency (WUE), shoot dry matter yield (SDMY), soil water repellency (WR) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) by 13–45%, 3–17%, 27–51%, 48–60% and 26–36%, respectively. Whereas, all B treatments increased SC, K_s and total porosity by 11–63%, 82–221% and 2–12%, respectively. Application of 1.25B increased SDMY and WUE, whereas higher B levels were ineffective, i.e. 2.5B did not significantly affect the measured parameters and 5B reduced them. At all B levels, drought reduced SDMY. However, the lowest decrease in SDMY was observed by 1.25B. Despite their positive influence on soil’s physical quality, high B levels induced excessive salinity. Therefore, a low B level (1.25B) may be recommended since it provides positive impacts on the plant’s growth and yield while mitigating the adverse effects of drought.     

Phosphorus regulates osmotic potential and growth of African violet under in vitro‐induced water deficit

Interactive effects of phosphorus (P) with in vitro‐induced water deficit (using sorbitol and mannitol) were studied on African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) whole‐plant microculture. Sorbitol and mannitol significantly reduced (more negative) the cell sap osmotic potential. Increased P was very effective in increasing (less negative) the osmotic potential of cell sap under the imposed water deficit treatments. On the other hand, induced water deficit significantly reduced shoot growth (shoot height and dry mass), and root number and length, whereas P mitigated these adverse effects and improved shoot and root growth. Cultures exposed to water deficit at 150mM sorbitol and mannitol experienced some physiological disorders (about 10% shoot tip browning, 15% stem basal‐end browning) and 20% chlorosis. Physiological disorders and chlorosis were totally mitigated with increased P to 1.0 or 2.0 mM. Phosphorus concentration in shoot tissues was decreased with water deficit in the medium and enhanced by elevated P in the medium. Ex vitro survival percentages increased in plantlets that experienced in vitro water deficit with sorbitol and mannitol at 50 to 100 mM and P at 1.0 to 2.0 mM. We conclude that P is a key factor to regulate cell osmotic potential and growth under in vitro induced water deficit. On the other hand, microculture level is a very effective alternative for the study of plant response and tolerance to water deficit and its interaction with nutrient availability in the root zone.     

华北平原灌溉农田的土壤水量平衡和水分利用效率

华北平原农业面临的主要问题是水资源短缺,地下水位持续下降。通过一维土壤水量平衡模型模拟了华北平原不同灌溉方式下农田耗水量和土壤水分深层渗漏的变化,并分析了作物的产量和水分利用效率。结果显示在正常的灌溉条件下,冬小麦季地下水的采补差额超过了200mm,某生育期一定程度的水分亏缺(返青期、拔节期或灌浆期)能明显减少冬小麦的耗水量,但没有明显减少作物的产量。因此,在一定程度上减少灌溉是可行的,但仍不能达到地下水资源的采补平衡。从长远来看,华北平原维持可持续的地下水灌溉开采,应减少冬小麦的种植面积、增加低耗水经济作物的比例。     

Effects of drought on the accumulation and redistribution of cadmium in peanuts at different developmental stages

This study aimed to investigate the impact of water deficit on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in peanut plants during different developmental stages. Two contrasting peanut cultivars, Fenghua 1 (high-biomass cultivar) and Silihong (low-biomass cultivar), were grown in a Cd-contaminated arable soil under different water regimes. The two cultivars differed from each other in seed Cd concentrations. Fenghua 1 exhibited lower Cd concentrations in the seeds than Silihong, which is associated with root-to-shoot Cd translocation. Drought plays different roles in the translocation and redistribution of Cd in peanut plants during different developmental stages. At the seedling stage, drought decreased shoot Cd concentrations for both cultivars, whereas at the pod-filling and pod-ripened stages, drought increased shoot Cd concentrations. Similarly, drought stress reduced pod Cd concentrations at the pod-filling stages and increased at the pod-ripened stages. Seed Cd concentrations in mature plants were increased by drought for both cultivars. Seed Cd concentrations were negatively correlated with biomasses of shoots and pods, but positively correlated with Cd concentration in the shoots and pods. Increased seed Cd concentrations under drought stress might result from the concentration effects due to drought induced decrease of plant growth.     

黄土高原白草塬土壤水分特征及对土地利用变化的响应

[目的]对黄土高原白草塬土壤水分特征及对土地利用变化的响应进行分析,为该区水资源管理和生态建设提供重要的参考依据。[方法]测定并分析白草塬6种利用方式下0—10m的土壤水分,并基于土壤储水量、水分亏缺量及干燥化指数等指标评价土地利用变化的影响。[结果]6种土地利用方式0—10m平均含水量表现为:农地荒草地苜蓿地杏林地杏林柠条间作地杏林苜蓿间作地。土地利用变化对土壤水分的影响深度不同,苜蓿地与荒草地的影响集中在0—5m,而包含杏树的利用方式对土壤水分的影响向深层推进甚至可贯穿整个剖面。0—5m除农地外皆有重度土壤干燥化现象;5—10m包含杏树的利用方式干燥化程度较农地、荒草地和苜蓿地严重。[结论]农地转变为包含杏树的利用方式后对土壤深层水分有显著的影响,造成土壤水分储水量减少和干燥化现象严重。