放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病药物防治技术试验与示范效果观察

为评价伊维菌素注射剂的驱虫效果与对放牧绵羊线虫病及外寄生虫病的防治示范效果,选择1.5岁感染线虫和部分外寄生虫的绵羊150只,设伊维菌素注射剂0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg体重剂量组和伊维菌素片剂对照组,进行驱虫效果评价;在冬季应用伊维菌素注射剂按0.2mg/kg体重剂量对放牧绵羊进行规模防治技术示范,检查防治效果和考核防治效益。结果:药效试验中伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为93.3%,99.3%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.1%;0.3mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵及原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均为100.0%;0.1mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为76.7%,88.6%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为66.7%和86.1%。防治示范群绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率为93.3%,虫卵减少率为96.8%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.2%。同期检查未防治对照组虫卵EPG和幼虫数略有增加。技术示范群比未示范群每只成年羊平均多增重5.47kg、幼年羊成活率平均提高2.1个百分点。结果表明该防治技术对放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效安全,效益显著。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对绵羊线虫的驱虫效力与安全性试验

应用0.5%伊维菌素浇泼剂按0.3,0.4,0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对绵羊沿背中线皮肤一次浇泼给药,并以伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量做对照。结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂0.3mg/kg,0.4mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为85%和90%,减少率分别为89.1%和95.9%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为60%和75%,减少率分别为77.2%和86.7%;0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率均为100%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率为85%,减少率为95.4%。解剖检查结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂三种剂量对绵羊消化道、呼吸道多属线虫均有效,总计驱虫率分别为90.8%,95.6%和99.7%,伊维菌素浇泼剂0.5mg/kg.b w剂量与伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量驱虫效果基本一致;绵羊经皮给药可耐受1.0mg/kg.b w剂量。试验证明:伊维菌素浇泼剂经皮给药驱除绵羊线虫高效安全,临床推荐剂量以0.5mg/kg.b w为宜。     

伊维菌素注射剂防治牦牛寄生虫病的示范效果观察

应用伊维菌素注射剂,按0.2mg/kg体重剂量皮下注射给药,进行牦牛寄生虫病防治,评价对牦牛体内线虫和体外寄生虫的疗效.结果:对牦牛主要7属消化道线虫和网尾线虫的虫卵(幼虫)转阴率、减少率均达100％;毛首线虫的驱虫率86.4％;对线虫的总计驱虫率99.3％;对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率达100％.技术示范群比阳性对照群牦牛平均多增重3.9kg,幼年牦牛成活率提高1.9个百分点.示范结果证明:伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg剂量一次给药,驱除牦牛体内线虫和体外虱、蝇等寄生虫,高效安全,生产效益显著.     

放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术试验示范

为评价埃谱利诺菌素注射剂的驱虫药效与对放牧绵羊线虫病及外寄生虫病的防治示范应用效果,选择1.5岁感染线虫和部分外寄生虫的绵羊150只,设埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.1,0.2和0.3 mg/kg体重剂量组和埃谱利诺菌素原料药对照组,进行驱虫效果评价,按0.2 mg/kg体重剂量进行规模防治技术示范,检查防治效果和考核防治效益。结果:药效试验中埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg剂量对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为96.7%和99.3%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和97.5%;0.3 mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵及原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均为100.0%;0.1mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为83.3%和90.4%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为76.7%和88.9%。在冬季应用埃谱利诺菌素注射剂按0.2 mg/kg体重剂量对放牧绵羊进行规模防治技术示范,防治示范群绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为96.7%和97.7%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为93.3%和97.6%。同期检查未防治对照组绵羊虫卵EPG和幼虫数略有增加。埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg剂量试验组给药后第1d绵羊体表的绵羊颚虱、足颚虱、羊蜱蝇活力旺盛;第3d绵羊颚虱、足颚虱大部分死亡干瘪,部分虫体移行到被毛表面,处于麻痹状态,活力较差;第7d检查对足颚虱的杀虫率达100%;绵羊颚虱全部死亡干瘪,杀虫率达100%;对羊蜱蝇的转阴率为83.3%。0.1mg/kg剂量,第3、7d检查杀灭效果次于上述剂量。未防治的对照组绵羊上述外寄生虫活力旺盛,感染情况与给药前无明显变化。同期检查技术示范群比未示范群每只成年羊平均少减重5.96kg、幼年羊成活率平均提高2.35个百分点。结果表明该防治技术对放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效安全,效益显著。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除绵羊寄生虫的扩大试验

应用伊维菌素干混悬剂,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外寄生虫。结果:0.2mg/kg体重剂量对消化道主要线虫及网尾线虫的虫卵(幼虫)转阴率、减少率均为100%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为91.3%、91.8%,对线虫的总计驱虫率98.9%:对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率为100%。结果证明:伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2mg/kg剂量一次用药,驱除绵羊主要线虫和虱等寄生虫,高效安全。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂防治绵羊寄生虫病的效果观察

应用伊维菌素浇泼剂,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外寄生虫,结果表明,0．5mg／kg体重剂量对主要7属消化道线虫和网尾线虫的虫卵（幼虫）转阴率、减少率均为100％,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为87．59／6和91．3％,对线虫的总计驱虫率为99．04％;对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率达100％。表明伊维菌素浇泼剂0．5mg／kg剂量一次用药,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外绵羊颚虱等寄生虫,高效安全。     

埃谱利诺菌素注射剂对藏羊线虫与寄生期幼虫的驱虫效果

应用埃谱利诺菌素注射剂,选择自然感染线虫的1岁藏系绵羊150只,分别按0.1、0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量皮下注射给药,驱除藏羊线虫,同时设伊维菌素注射剂药物对照组和阳性对照组。结果显示:①埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量对藏羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为93.3%和100.0%,减少率分别为99.18%和100.0%;对网尾线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均达100.0%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为90.0%、100.0%,减少率分别为95.79%和100.0%;对线虫成虫的总计驱虫率分别为98.83%和99.96%,对线虫寄生阶段幼虫的总计驱虫率分别为96.42%和99.17%。②0.1 mg/kg剂量对线虫虫卵(幼虫)的转阴率、减少率、驱虫率均次于0.2、0.3 mg/kg体重剂量组。③对照药物伊维菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg体重剂量对消化道线虫、原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率、对线虫成虫及其寄生阶段幼虫的总计驱虫率与同剂量埃谱利诺菌素注射剂基本一致。④藏羊皮下注射试验剂量未出现任何异常反应。试验证明埃谱利诺菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg体重剂量驱除线虫高效安全。     

爱普利注射剂对放牧绵羊体内外寄生虫的驱虫试验

应用爱普利注射剂,选择自然感染线虫和体外寄生虫的1.5岁放牧藏系绵羊100只,分别按0.1、0.2、0.3 mg/kg.b w剂量皮下注射给药,同时设伊维菌素注射剂药物对照组和阳性对照组,评价驱除放牧绵羊体内线虫与体外寄生虫的效果。结果显示:爱普利注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg剂量对放牧绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为95.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为98.4%和100.0%;网尾线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均达100.0%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为90.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为96.1%和100.0%;对主要线虫虫卵(幼虫)的平均有效率分别达98.0%和100.0%;第7d对绵羊颚虱、足颚虱的转阴率、杀虫率均达100%;对羊蜱蝇的转阴率分别为90.0%和100.0%,杀虫率分别达92.3%和100%;均达到了高效。爱普利注射剂0.1 mg/kg剂量对线虫虫卵(幼虫)的转阴率、减少率及对体外寄生虫的杀虫率均次于0.2、0.3 mg/kg剂量组。对照药物伊维菌素注射剂0.2 mg/kg剂量消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为95.0%和97.8%;网尾线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均达100.0%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为85.0%和94.3%;第7d绵羊颚虱、足颚虱的转阴率、杀虫率均达100%;羊蜱蝇转阴率、杀虫率分别为80.0%和90%。阳性对照组线虫虫卵(幼虫)与给药前无明显变化、3种体外寄生虫感染情况较给药前略有增加。绵羊皮下注射3个剂量爱普利注射剂,未出现任何异常反应。试验证明爱普利注射剂3个剂量对藏系绵羊线虫虫卵(幼虫)、3种体外寄生虫均有效,其中0.2 mg/kg剂量驱除放牧绵羊线虫高效安全经济。     

伊维菌素注射剂与浇泼剂驱除藏犬肠道线虫的疗效

应用伊维菌素注射剂与浇泼剂,驱除藏犬肠道线虫,并用粪检法检查其疗效。结果表明：伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg剂量对藏犬肠道线虫的虫卵转阴率与减少率均为100.0%;伊维菌素浇泼剂0.5mg/kg剂量转阴率及减少率为100%。     

倍克虫复合制剂对放牧绵羊线虫的驱虫效果

应用不同剂量倍克虫复合制剂(伊维菌素,丙硫苯咪唑),对放牧绵羊胃肠道线虫,肺线虫等进行驱除试验,结果表明：中剂量组(伊维菌素0．2mg／kg,丙硫苯咪唑10mg／kg)绵羊的消化道线虫虫卵转阴率达100％,减少率达100％,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率达70％,减少率为77．35％。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …