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 共查询到9条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了解荒漠草原柠条灌丛堆演化过程中环境微生物多样性变化与形成机理,以宁夏荒漠草原不同发育阶段的柠条灌丛堆为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术分析其土壤真菌的群落结构及多样性特征,探究发育阶段和土壤理化因子对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响因素。结果显示:获得的2662个真菌操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit, OTU)属于13门40纲524属,其中优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota,占77.48%~82.07%)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota,占7.42%~10.07%)以及被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota,占5.42%~10.78%);优势菌纲有粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes,占27.10%~36.23%)、座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes,占25.69%~35.30%)、散囊菌纲(Eurotiomycetes,占12.64%~16.33%)、伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes,占7.07%~7.57%)。土壤有机碳、速效磷、总氮、电导率在柠条灌丛堆不同发育阶段不同部位有显著性差异,而总磷、pH无明显差异。在柠条灌丛...  相似文献   

2.
MA Gailing 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):1071-1086
Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure, function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. However, the long-term successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities that occur with artificial vegetation development are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities in Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantation over a period of 50 a (6, 12, 18, 40 and 50 a) and their relationships with key soil environmental factors in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone, northern China. The results showed that bacterial and fungal diversities (α- and β-diversity) were significantly affected by plantation age; moreover, the change in fungal community was more evident than that in bacterial community. Soil samples from 12 a plantation had the highest (P<0.05) bacterial and fungal α-diversity (i.e., abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao1 index) at 0-10 cm depth compared with other samples. However, soil samples from plantation at the late recovery stage (40-50 a) had the highest α-diversity at 10-20 cm depth. Soil bacterial community was not significantly affected by plantation age at the genus level; but, soil fungal community was significantly affected at the genus level. Overall, Mortierella and Chaetomium were the dominant genera at natural recovery stage (0 a); Inocybe was the dominant genus at the early recovery stage (6-12 a); Inocybe and Mortierella were the dominant genera at the mid-recovery stage (12-40 a); And Mortierella, Cladosporium and Humicola were the dominant genera at the late recovery stage (40-50 a). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that β-glucosidase activity, total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were closely associated with bacterial community composition, while alkaline phosphatase, urease activity and total nitrogen were associated with fungal community composition, indicating that changes in enzyme activity and soil nutrients were the most important determinants of dominant genera. Furthermore, pathogenic microorganisms (Cladosporium and Humicola) were dominant in soils from 40-50 a plantation, which may affect plant growth, resulting in the decline of C. korshinskii plantation. Overall, the findings of this study improve the understanding of ecological patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in artificial vegetation and provide an important scientific basis for comprehensive ecological restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas.  相似文献   

3.
Severe wind is a major natural hazard and a main driver of desertification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Generally, studies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's wind climatology focus on mean wind speeds and its gust speeds have been seldom investigated. Here, we used observed daily maximum gust speeds from a 95-station network over a 5-year period(2008–2012) to analyze the characteristics of extreme wind speeds and directions by fitting Weibull and Gumbel distributions. The results indicated the spatial distribution of extreme wind speeds and their direction on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly variable, with its western portion prone to greater mean speeds of extreme wind gusts than its eastern portion. Maximum extreme wind speeds of 30.9, 33.0, and 32.2 m/s were recorded at three stations along the Qinghai Tibet Railway. Severe winds occurred mostly from November to April, caused primarily by the westerly jet stream. Terrain greatly enhances the wind speeds. Our spatial analysis of wind speed data showed that the wind speeds increased exponentially with an increasing altitude. We also assessed the local wind hazard by calculating the return periods of maximum wind gusts from the observational data based on the statistical extreme value distributions of these wind speeds. Further attention should be given to those stations where the yearly maximum daily extreme wind speed increased at a rate greater than that of mean value of daily extreme wind speeds. Severe extreme wind events in these regions of the plateau are likely to become more frequent. Consequently, building structural designers working in these areas should use updated extreme wind data rather than relying on past data alone.  相似文献   

4.
LI Leiming 《干旱区科学》2022,14(11):1258-1273
Information on rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and plants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited. Therefore, in this study, we performed field sampling to explore the geochemical signatures and human health risk of REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 127 soil samples and 127 plant samples were collected from the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to acquire the geochemical signatures and related human health risks of REEs. The mean total concentrations of REEs in soils and plants of the study area reached 178.55 and 10.06 mg/kg, respectively. The light REEs in soils and plants accounted for 76% and 77% of the total REEs, respectively. REEs showed significantly homogenous distribution in soils but inhomogeneous distribution in plants of the study area. Characteristic parameters indicated that light REEs were enriched and fractionated significantly, while heavy REEs were moderately fractionated in soils and plants. REEs in soils and plants showed significantly negative Europium anomaly. Cerium showed slightly positive anomaly in plants and slight anomaly in soils. The normalized distribution patterns of REEs were generally similar in the analyzed soils and the corresponding plants of the study area. The average bio-concentration factor of REEs ranged from 0.0478 (Scandium) to 0.0604 (Europium), confirming a small accumulation of REEs by plants. Health risks caused by REEs in soils and plants were negligible, while risks for adults were lower than those for children. This study provides important information on REEs in soils and plants of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

5.
Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...  相似文献   

6.
LUO Jing 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):411-425
Land use/land cover (LULC) is an important part of exploring the interaction between natural environment and human activities and achieving regional sustainable development. Based on the data of LULC types (cropland, forest land, grassland, built-up land, and unused land) from 1990 to 2015, we analysed the intensity and driving factors of land use/cover change (LUCC) in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyang Qu River, and Lhasa River (YNL) region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, using intensity analysis method, cross-linking table method, and spatial econometric model. The results showed that LUCC in the YNL region was nonstationary from 1990 to 2015, showing a change pattern with fast-slow-fast and U-shaped. Built-up land showed a steady increase pattern, while cropland showed a steady decrease pattern. The gain of built-up land mainly came from the loss of cropland. The transition pattern of LUCC in the YNL region was relatively single and stable during 1990-2015. The transition pattern from cropland and forest land to built-up land was a systematic change process of tendency and the transition pattern from grassland and unused land to cropland was a systematic change process of avoidance. The transition process of LUCC was the result of the combined effect of natural environment and social economic development in the YNL region. This study reveals the impact of ecological environment problems caused by human activities on the land resource system and provides scientific support for the study of ecological environment change and sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

7.
小麦抗条锈病已知基因对中国当前流行小种的有效性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 小麦条锈病是危害我国小麦生产最为严重的病害之一,评价已知抗条锈病基因相对于当前主要流行小种的抗病性对开展预见性抗病育种工作具有重要的指导意义。本研究利用当前流行频率最高的2个小种(CYR32、CYR33)和1个对Yr26基因有毒性的新菌系V26/CM42对已知抗条锈病(Yr)基因的小麦材料分别进行苗期小种抗病性鉴定和成株期病圃抗病性调查,以评估各已知Yr基因在中国抗病育种中的有效性。结果表明,只有3个Yr基因(Yr5Yr15Yr61)对当前流行小种和贵22新菌系表现为全生育期抗病性;3个Yr基因(Yr32YrTr1YrTye)具有成株期抗病性;此外,Mega、Ibis、Hyak、Maris Huntsman、Hobbit、CarstensV、Express、Lee和Compair等9个含多个Yr基因组合的抗源品种表现出良好的成株期抗条锈性。  相似文献   

8.
2018—2019年,以34个强抗寒甘蓝型冬油菜品系为试验材料,对其产量、品质及抗倒性进行分析和评价,挖掘优异种质资源。结果表明:不同材料间的产量、品质及抗倒性存在较大差异,单株产量变异范围为6.50~36.67 g,平均产量为21.08 g, 17NPZ240-1的产量最高;相关分析表明全株角果数(r=0.897**)和每角粒数(r=0.534**)与单株产量极显著正相关。各材料倒伏系数介于153.74~359.61,17NDL20-7的倒伏系数最低,抗倒性最强;相关分析表明抗折力(r=-0.501**)、重心高度(r=502**)、茎粗(r=-0.816**)、分枝部位(r=0.472**)和主花序长度(r=-0.679**)与倒伏系数呈极显著相关关系。品质性状中,含油量介于33.40%~49.54%,平均含量为43.32%,17DNL32-3的含量最高;蛋白质含量介于16.87%~27.24%,平均含量为21.18%,16NTS...  相似文献   

9.
WANG Kun 《干旱区科学》2022,14(5):561-575
Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) restoration has increased vegetation cover in semi-arid regions on the Loess Plateau of China, but ecological problems have also occurred due to RP restoration, such as reduced soil moisture. Further, it is still uncertain how microbial diversity, composition and assembly processes change with RP restoration in semi-arid regions. Therefore, amplicon sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes was performed to study soil bacterial and fungal diversity, composition and assembly processes at four study sites with different stand ages of RP plantations (Y10, RP plantation with stand ages less than 10 a; Y15, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 15 a; Y25, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 25 a; and Y40, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 40 a) along a 40-a chronosequence on the Loess Plateau. The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi increased significantly during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a (P<0.05). However, compared with Y15, bacterial diversity was lower at Y25 and Y40, and fungal diversity remained stable during the restoration period between 25 and 40 a. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota increased during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a. Conversely, after 15 a of restoration, they both decreased, whereas the relative abundances of Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria and Basidiomycota gradually increased. The variations in soil bacterial communities were mainly related to changes in soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and moisture contents, while soil fungal communities were mainly shaped by soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents. Bacterial communities were structured by the heterogeneous selection and stochastic process, while fungal communities were structured primarily by the stochastic process. The RP restoration induced an increase in the relative importance of heterogeneous selection on bacterial communities. Overall, this study reveals the changes in microbial diversity, community composition and assembly processes with RP restoration on the Loess Plateau and provides a new perspective on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil microbial communities in semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

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