参与式土地利用规划项目对农村妇女的赋权作用

项目通过参与式土地利用规划方法,重视农村妇女在项目中的参与程度,增加了农村妇女的赋权,使当地农村妇女为项目的顺利实施做出了贡献。     

社区自然资源管理的五个基本要素

本文介绍了社区自然资源管理的5个基本要素:①当地人是自然资源管理的主体,充分赋权于当地人,包括项目决策权、实施参与权、知情监督权、管理维护权、监测评估权;②尊重乡土知识、乡土人才,重视能力建设;③关注农村妇女和弱势群体的参与和能力建设,倡导性别平等及公平的发展观;④在当地村规民约基础上建立社区管理制度和管理组织,促进当地村民的自我管理、自我发展;⑤有偿使用、有偿管理、有偿服务,增强当地村民对项目的拥有感,实现项目的可持续性.     

社会性别分析在PAAF项目中的运用

L912．82通过对中德技术合作项目区的社会性别分析,阐述了PAAF项目在实施过程中对当地农村妇女的社会和家庭地位的改变产生的深刻影响。     

青海省启动贫困村参与式扶贫开发规划式点工作

2002年以来，甘肃省秦安县委、县政府把整村推进作为新阶段扶贫开发工作的重要突破口，积极实施参与式扶贫项目，经过村民们的积极参与和社会的鼎力帮扶，项目实施进展顺利。参与式扶贫项目的重点在刘坪乡任吴村、莲花乡姜寨村、西川乡龙洼村、王窑乡硬湾村4村。县乡两级政府在对各村进行调查摸底、科学规划的基础上，通过组织召开村民大会，由村民投票自主挑选建立果园、绿化荒沟、家庭养殖、修筑道路、日光温室、修建学校、建设梯田、水窑、小水利工程、建设村址等10个项目。这些项目涉及全村村民，既充分尊重了村民的意愿，且适宜当地的…     

参与式农村(PRA)的应用——以广西木论国家级自然保护区GEF为例

参与发展理论是一种微观区域发展理论,它强调通过社区居民积极、主动参与实现利益共享。在实施全球环境基金(GEF)项目过程中,采用参与式农村评估(PRA)方法,对社区基础经济情况、种子资金项目、机构能力建设中的应用,获得了社区居民的支持与认可,提升了保护区工作人员与村民"能力建设"。     

中德合作四川造林项目运行体系研究

通过对传统林业项目与参与式发展林业项目实施过程的对比分析，介绍了参与式林业项目的实施运行程序、特点。参与式发展项目能够增强社会农民参与意识和决策水平，提高其自我发展的能力。     

参与式方法在土地利用规划中的作用

作论述了参与式土地利用规划包含的3个概念：规划、土地利用和参与式，认为，参与式方法是参与式土地利用规划的核心，参与式农村评估法是参与式土地利用规划的主要工具，参与式土地利用规划的实施不仅建立了自下而上的决策机制，促进了参与各方的能力建设，而且农民通过参与项目活动提高了他们的自身素质和自主能力，还充分调动了妇女参与项目的积极性。作用自己的亲身体会说明，运用好参与式农村评估法可以使农村调查得到事半功倍的效果。     

信息荟萃

甘肃省秦安县积极实施参与式扶贫 2002年以来，甘肃省秦安县委、县政府把整村推进作为新阶段扶贫开发工作的重要突破口，积极实施参与式扶贫项目，经过村民们的积极参与和社会的鼎力帮扶，项目实施进展顺利。参与式扶贫项目的重点在刘坪乡任吴村、莲花乡姜寨村、西川乡龙洼村、王窑乡硬湾村4村。县乡两级政府在对各村进行调查摸底、科学规划的基础上，通过组织召开村民大会，由村民投票自主挑选建立果园、绿化荒沟、家庭养殖、修筑道路、日光温室、修建学校、建设梯田、水窑、小水利工程、建设村址等10个项目。这些项目涉及全村村民，…     

浅析凤坑库区生态环境综合治理与参与式发展

农村的社会、经济、生态协调发展已成为当今社会关注的重要问题。本通过凤坑库区生态环境综合治理项目的开展，介绍了该项目开展参与式规划的过程，以及治理方案和措施，分析了参与式方法在环境治理中的应用，并进一步剖析了该项目在农村社会、经济、生态环境中的实施效应。     

社区参与普者黑村落环境综合治理调查

根据收集的国内外社区参与环境治理相关资料为研究基础,对普者黑某村落环境进行了实地调查。运用参与式调查方法,在村民的参与下进行了个体访谈、半结构访谈、村民代表大会、参与式观察等调查形式收集资料,从问题产生的角度出发提出了高效可行的解决方案。把村民参与的治理方案与专家设计的可研方案进行对比,得出了最佳的适合当地实际情况的村落环境综合治理方案。     

石泉县后柳镇林权改革的调查研究

现阶段,进一步解放和发展林业生产力,发展现代林业,增加农民收入,建设生态文明,全面推进集体林权制度改革是中央对农村改革发展提出的明确要求。在后柳镇林权改革过程中,如何引导农民搞林地经营,如何帮助农民从林改中获取收益,是问题的核心所在。通过调研,西北农林科技大学林学院调研服务队提出三条建议,一是深入群众,取计于民;二是科学规划,防治结合;三是科技兴林,服务惠民。     

德钦县燕门乡非木材林产品保护与利用情况调查

运用社会调查学、参与式农村调查评估(PRA)、林业快速评估(FRA)方法对澜沧江流域德钦县燕门乡4个村10个村民小组居民的非木材林产品的利用和保护情况作了调查,结论为社区群众利用非木材林产品种类有7大类上千种.依据各自生活条件和所处环境的不同,利用方式和特点各不相同,但存在原始性和过度性利用的特点.在非木材林产品的利用中虽有各级政府及职能部门的干预以及"村规民约"的管理模式,但仍存在许多问题难以实现有效的管理.针对存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议.     

Gendered business activities in family farm forestry: From round wood delivery to health service

Abstract

The development of non-wood forest products and services has been put forward as a means for business diversification and development of rural areas. However, the well-documented male dominance in traditional family farm forestry (FFF) is considered to restrain women's involvement in forestry activities, and thus hamper new enterprising businesses. Given the gender structure in traditional forestry, it is hypothesised that women are more likely to engage in less traditional activities than men. Through a cluster analysis of data from the Swedish Farmers Association's member survey, typical combinations of forest-related business activities were identified. The representation of women and men as operational managers within each activity was assessed. Results show that traditional forestry is the main task for both male and female FFF owners, however, women engage more often than men in service-oriented business activities. The main conclusion is that the prevailing pattern on the labour market, with women predominately within service and care professions, seems to be reproduced within FFF businesses. The results are further discussed in relation to owner types and possible impact on FFF restructuring and rural development.     

基于SD调查法和主成分分析的村庄整治需求评价——以杭州市双浦镇吴家村村庄整治规划为例

运用SD问卷调查法和主成分分析法,以杭州市吴家村为对象,调查和分析了村民对村庄环境整治的需求及其主要影响要素,构建了村民对村庄环境的认知模式,反映村民对村庄环境的现状认知及整治诉求,用于指导规划建设“村民认可”的新农村环境,使村庄规划中“村民参与行为”科学化、规范化。本方法已经运用在吴家村项目的实践过程中,体现出此方法的可靠性和结果的合理性,同时也发现村民视角需求模型的不足,为今后建立全面客观的村庄环境整治需求模型积累宝贵的经验。     

Forest Villagers in Northeastern Hill Forests of Bangladesh: Examining Their Livelihoods,Livelihood Strategies and Forest Conservation Linkages

Even though many forest villagers have been living on forest department land and serving the department in the northeastern hill forests region of Bangladesh since the early 1950s, their livelihood has not yet been fully explored. This paper examines the livelihoods of forest villagers (Khasia ethnic people) and their contribution to forest conservation, using data from the Sylhet forest division. The forest villagers are well-endowed with all the elements of a sustainable livelihoods framework, though human capital in terms of education is not satisfactory. Strong social capital, stable natural capital and a productive market-oriented agroforestry system facilitate the generation of financial and physical capital that make the livelihoods of Khasia people sustainable. At the same time, their reciprocal contributions in terms of forest protection and plantation development support forest conservation. However, some institutional issues such as insecure land tenure with regular agreement renewal problems need to be resolved for the sake of their livelihoods and forest conservation. Lessons learned from the study can be utilized in formulating future participatory forest management schemes in the country.     

An approach to achieve sustainable development goals through participatory land and forest conservation: a case study in South Kalimantan Province,Indonesia

The delivery of sustainable development goals (SDGs) through a participatory land and forest conservation initiative was evaluated in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The initiative focused on the rehabilitation of a 410 ha forest that was managed by local villagers. A forest rehabilitation and management initiative was developed through participatory action, establishing a well-managed rubber plantation that provided new livelihood opportunities. Poverty reduction was promoted, evidenced by a reduction in inequality amongst the local community. Between 2010 and 2018 the Gini coefficient of inequality declined from 34.6% to 31.3%, demonstrating a contribution to SDGs 1 (No Poverty) and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). In addition, forest rehabilitation resulted in improved carbon stock and biodiversity management contributing to SDG15 (Life on Land). This was attributed to successful forest rehabilitation and the reduced incidence of forest fires. Cooperation amongst local villagers categorized as living in poor households was improved, facilitated by capacity building. This focused on rubber plantation management, cooperative action, and firefighting activities. This capacity building contributed to the delivery of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Results from a socio-economic survey demonstrated that group activities and cooperation amongst stakeholders were essential to improve both livelihoods and forest management practices.     

现代乡村社区公共文化空间规划研究——以江苏句容市于家边村为例

乡村公共文化空间是乡村社区内部公共性的、村民可以自由进入并进行文化生活的空间,是乡村文化传承的载体和人际交往的场所,是乡村精神文明建设的主要实现途径。但目前我国乡村社区的公共文化空间普遍缺失,传统的公共空间逐渐衰落,满足现代文化需求的空间边缘化、被动化,严重制约了乡村社会文化的建设和发展。文中分析现代乡村文化需求的主要内容,提出乡村社区公共文化空间的类型,指出乡村公共文化空间的营造要充分发挥村民的主体作用,体现本土性、主动性、参与性、聚集性和平等性等特点,并以江苏省句容市于家边村为例探讨了在现代乡村规划中如何主动营造形式多样的乡村公共文化空间。     

Legal frameworks for and the practice of participatory natural resources management in South Africa

This study evaluated the role of rural communities in the conservation of natural resources in South Africa. South Africa has sufficient legal instruments that promote interactive participation of rural people in the management of natural resources. These national laws operate within the policy frameworks provided by the multilateral environmental conventions and protocols to which South Africa is signatory. However, these legal commitments to participatory management of natural resources are not matched by the practice on the ground by South African conservationists. Grassroots conservation officials who are responsible for administering participatory processes primarily focus their attention on the establishment of participatory natural resources management forums. However, these forums typically die out, as they fail to meet local people's expectations. Lack of capacity, experience and innovation underlie the absence of institutional culture for effective integration of rural people's needs into the management of protected natural resources. Strategic recommendations are provided to overcome these inadequacies identified in the implementation of participatory management of natural resources in South Africa.     

黑龙江省乡村林业发展现状及模式研究

在对林业重新定位和建设社会主义新农村的形势下,立足黑龙江省乡村林业的发展现状,遵循优化区域布局和实现经济、社会、生态效益协调发展的思想,提出了建立村民主导型的乡村林业发展模式。