产后子宫内膜炎患牛致病性真菌的研究

为探讨致病性真菌感染在奶牛子宫内膜炎中的作用,试验选用产后7～10d子宫内膜炎患牛,通过真菌分离培养和套式PCR反应检测子宫真菌感染情况,并确定致病性真菌种类.结果表明:子宫内膜炎患牛真菌检出率一年四季均不同,春季为10.6％、夏季为15.2％、秋季为21.1％、冬季为18.1％,分离到的致病性真菌经鉴定为念珠球菌.说...     

母牛产后真菌性子宫内膜炎的流行病学调查

奶牛子宫内膜炎是危害畜牧业生产发展的主要产科疾病,每年在世界范围内造成巨大的直接损失和间接损失。迄今为止,对其研究已经有近百年的历史,但由于其病原不明确、病理学机制尚未阐述清楚等多方面的原因,导致此疾病的防控及治疗仍然没有有效的方法。本研究对奶牛子宫内膜炎真菌病原临床检测进行研究,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析方法对吉林及黑龙江省奶牛子宫内的主要致病性真菌进行了流行病学调查。结果发现:一年四季真菌性子宫内膜炎均有发生,主要致病菌为念珠球菌属;在秋冬季节真菌性子宫内膜炎的发生比例最高;真菌性子宫内膜炎的平均空怀期更长。     

产后子宫内膜炎患牛子宫内膜肥大细胞的研究

本研究旨在探讨子宫内膜肥大细胞在牛子宫内膜炎中的作用.选用产后6～10 d健康及患急性化脓性子宫内膜炎的西门塔尔牛各10头,分别为对照组和试验组,通过ELISA法检测子宫内膜中SP、VIP、组胺浓度,透射电镜观察子宫内膜MC颗粒状态及荧先定量PCR法检测组胺受体H1和H2 mRNA表达情况.结果表明,试验组子宫内膜组织申组胺、SP、VIP含量分别为(80.305±4.002)μg/L、(1 258.06±128.88)ng/L、(615.73±70.50)ng/L,而对照组分别为(39.204±4.278)μg/L、(308.12±9.72)ng/L,(1 667.34±153.4)ng/L,试验组与对照组相比差异均极显著(P＜0.01);试验组子宫内膜固有层MC颗粒数量战少、分布和浓度不均、有空泡形成,对照组子宫内膜固有层MC颗粒较多、分布均匀;试验组中组胺受体H1 mRNA水平显著低于正常组(P＜0.05),组胺受体H2mRNA水平高于正常组,且差异板显著(P＜0.01).结果显示子宫内膜炎时,在神经肽和炎症刺激下使子宫内膜固有层MC脱颗粒大量释放组胺,同时子宫内膜组胺受体H1和H2 mRNA表达失衡,使子宫局部淤血和迟缓,导致子宫免疫力下降,利于病原微生物的繁殖,促进子宫内膜炎的发生发展.     

奶牛产后子宫内膜炎分类及研究进展

产后奶牛子宫经常受到细菌污染而导致炎症过程,严重的可造成奶牛不孕.然而以往对奶牛产后子宫炎性疾病的分类及描述缺乏统一的标准.本文通过回顾子宫复旧的细菌学进程及易感因素,为奶牛产后子宫炎性疾病提供一个清晰的分类,即产褥期子宫内膜炎、临床型子宫内膜炎、子宫积脓及隐性子宫内膜炎;同时总结其病理特征、诊断要点.     

产后奶牛子宫内膜炎的防治

奶牛产后子宫内膜炎，通常是子宫黏膜发生黏液或化脓性炎症，为产后或流产最常见的一种生殖器官疾病。     

牛子宫内膜炎的诊治

牛子宫内膜炎是在母牛分娩时或产后由于微生物感染所引起的,是奶牛不孕的常见原因之一.根据病程可分为急性和慢性两种,临床上以慢性较为多见,常由急性未及时或未彻底治疗转化而来.本文主要针对牛子宫内膜炎的病因和症状,提出治疗方法.     

牛子宫内膜炎的诊治

牛子宫内膜炎属于繁殖障碍性疾病,多发于母牛繁殖期,患牛会出现发情不正常、屡配不孕等现象,即怀孕也极易导致流产,给养殖场户造成损失,因此养殖人员要高度重视.1发病原因子宫内膜炎常见于产后母牛,其病原为链球菌、大肠杆菌以及葡萄球菌等.在分娩的过程中,如果母牛子宫遭受创伤,会导致细菌的入侵引发炎症.如果生产时所应用的器械...     

牛子宫内膜炎的防治

牛子宫内膜炎是养牛生产过程中的一种常见生殖系统疾病,主要由链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性棒状杆菌、致病性大肠埃希氏菌等感染所引起,病原可经生殖道侵入,也可通过菌血症途径内源性感染;根据临床发病缓急程度,本病分为急性型和慢性型2种,急性型表现全身症状和局部症状,慢性型则以局部症状为主;预防本病需重点做好配种和助产时的无菌操作,治疗时可对子宫进行冲洗,用广谱抗生素进行抗感染,慢性病例也可用中药进行治疗。     

中草药治疗牛子宫内膜炎

子宫内膜炎 (中兽医称带下症 )是母牛产后感染的一种常见疾病。若治疗不及时 ,则易导致周围组织发生炎症 ,并转为慢性经过 ,可使母牛屡配不孕 ,给养牛业带来严重经济损失。笔者采用中草药治疗该病 1 6例 ,治愈 1 4例 ,有效率为 87.5 % ,取得了满意效果。1　症状病畜拱背努责 ,从阴门流出多量粘性或化脓性恶臭分泌物 ,有的似豆腐渣样 ,子宫内膜损伤严重的 ,分泌物呈红色 ,气味难闻 ,性周期紊乱 ,多次输配不孕。2　治疗醋香附 40 g,醋元胡 40 g,盐故子 40 g,酒知母30 g,酒黄柏 30 g,芡实 40 g,黄芩 40 g,连翘 30 g,甘草 2 5 g。共为末 ,开水调…     

Escherichia coli pyometra induces transient glomerular and tubular dysfunction in dogs

Background: Pyometra in dogs has been associated with renal injury. Hypothesis: Examine pyometra‐related nephropathy by evaluating novel renal biomarkers. Animals: Twenty‐five dogs with Escherichia coli pyometra. Fourteen clinically healthy bitches of comparable age. Methods: Prospective study. Urinary biomarkers determined by immunoassays (uIgG, uCRP, uAlb, uRBP, uTXB₂) or colorimetric test (uNAG) with results normalized to urine creatinine concentration. Nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U‐test and Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test used to compare healthy dogs and dogs with pyometra, and dogs with pyometra at initial and follow‐up examination. Results: Urinary biomarkers (median, range) significantly increased in dogs with pyometra (uIgG/Cr: 169.7 mg/g, 4.8–1052.9; uCRP/Cr: 0.260 mg/g, 0.006–3.030; uAlb/Cr: 89.5 mg/g, 8.8–832.7; uRBP/Cr: 1.66 mg/g, 0.05–21.44; uNAG/Cr: 5.8 U/g, 1.6–27.7; uTXB₂/Cr: 15.3 μg/g, 3.2–139.6) compared with healthy bitches (uIgG/Cr: 3.4 mg/g, 0.6–8.9; uCRP/Cr: below detection limit; uAlb/Cr: 17.5 mg/g, 1.3–166.3; uRBP/Cr: 0.13 mg/g, 0.02–0.44; uNAG/Cr: 2.4 U/g, 1.4–7.4; uTXB₂/Cr: 2.4 μg/g, 1.2–4.7) (P < .001). Six months after ovariohysterectomy, urinary biomarkers in pyometra group (uIgG/Cr: 4.7 mg/g, 1.5–99.8; uCRP/Cr: below detection limit; uAlb/Cr: 13.9 mg/g, 2.1–471.2; uRBP/Cr: 0.05 mg/g, 0.02–0.32; uNAG/Cr: 1.6 U/g, 0.9–3.3; uTXB₂/Cr: 3.3 μg/g, 1.0–6.9) were significantly lower than before surgery (P < .01), and not significantly different to those of healthy dogs (P > .05). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Pyometra‐related renal dysfunction affects the nephron both at glomerular and proximal tubular level and is a transient process in most dogs with E. coli pyometra.     

Equine Breeding-Induced Endometritis: A Review

Although endometritis is a normal occurrence after breeding, persistent inflammation threatens the success of the pregnancy. Persistent endometritis has been cited as a leading reproductive health concern in the mare. A variety of factors contribute to susceptibility to persistent breeding induced endometritis, including age, endometrial quality, and reproductive history. Seminal plasma mediates the immune response to breeding, as it has protective properties for viable spermatozoa, while aiding in the recognition and targeting of dead spermatozoa by the mare's immune response. Although the adaptive immune response has been implicated in the response to breeding, the innate immune response along with mechanical clearance are the primary mechanisms suggested to act to clear endometritis. Mares susceptible to persistent breeding induced endometritis have an altered innate immune response after breeding compared to resistant mares. There are multiple tools and strategies utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of persistent endometritis. This review of the literature summarizes research investigating the causes, pathogenesis, and treatments of persistent breeding induced endometritis.     

溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床治疗试验

溶葡萄球菌酶是从Staphylococcus Simulans培养物中提取的一种肽链内切酶,在较低浓度下能迅速裂解葡萄球菌细胞壁而呈现较强的杀菌活性且不易产生耐药性。为探讨溶葡萄球菌酶在防治奶牛子宫内膜炎上的应用,本试验选择140头患子宫内膜炎的奶牛,通过子宫内灌注给药的方式,每次分别灌注400u、800u和1600u溶葡萄球菌酶,连续给药3次,并以1O％Y-霉素注射液为对照,进行临床治疗试验。结果显示,溶葡萄球菌酶高、中、低剂量的治愈率分别为90．0％、73．3％和36．7％,对照药物治愈率为70．0％;在繁殖性能方面,高、中剂量组的奶牛情期内受胎率和总受胎率等明显高于低剂量组。表明溶葡萄球菌酶是一种治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎效果良好的生物类药物。     

The Problem Mare: Management Philosophy,Diagnostic Procedures,and Therapeutic Options

Problem mares are a commonly encountered challenge in brood mare practice. The first step in management of a mare with a reproductive issue is to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Components of a systematic diagnostic evaluation are discussed. The optimal treatment strategy should be based on results of the diagnostic tests. Successful interactions with problem mares are usually contingent upon a committed and detail-oriented approach to diagnostics, therapeutics, and breeding management.     

Influence of Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Viability and Fertility of Equine Semen

Considering the efficiency of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) in the immunomodulation of breeding-induced endometritis and the possibility of using these drugs by intrauterine route instead of the parenteral application, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of SAIDs added to the semen extender on equine sperm viability and fertility. In experiment 1, 15 SAIDs were individually added to a skim milk-based extender and, based on the results of sperm motility, dexamethasone was the drug of choice for the subsequent trials. The effect of dexamethasone on the viability of fresh and 24-hour cooled semen was investigated in experiment 2. In experiment 3, fertility rate was measured in both post-breeding endometritis-resistant and susceptible mares. Although dexamethasone supplementation caused a premature decrease in sperm total and progressive motility and in sperm velocities (P < .05), no difference was observed for sperm membrane integrities and fertility (P > .05). Based on these results, we can conclude that dexamethasone can be added to equine semen at the time of insemination or before cooling, although its use was not able to increase fertility.     

产后奶牛子宫内膜炎神经肽（SP、VIP）对子宫免疫调节的研究

本试验研究了急性产后子宫内膜炎神经肽（SP、VIP）变化,以探讨子宫内膜炎神经肽对子宫局部免疫的影响。对10头产后急性化脓性子宫内膜炎患牛进行子宫内膜及血清SP、VIP含量的检测,并选择10头产）06-8d健康的奶牛为对照组。结果表明,产后急性子宫内膜炎患牛子宫内膜及血清中SP含量显著升高,试验组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）,而VIP含量显著降低,试验组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）。急性产后子宫内膜炎属于局部炎症,其发生与神经肽（SP、VIP）浓度密切相关,sP含量的升高和VIP含量的降低对机体的免疫起调节作用。     

Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immunomodulation Along With Oxytocin Administration After Mating as a Treatment Protocol for Persistent Endometritis in Mares

Endometritis is accepted as a major hindrance to achieve optimal reproductive efficiency in mares. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combined therapy of immunomodulator and ecbolic as an alternative stand-alone therapy for mares with persistent endometritis. On the basis of history, culture, endometrial cytology, and per rectal and/or ultrasonographic genital examinations, 76 subfertile mares were selected and assigned to three age groups and four treatment (G-1, 2, 3) and control (G-4) groups. At estrus, all the mares were bred once naturally. Thereafter, the mares of G-1 (n = 28) were aseptically treated at 6-hours after natural service with intrauterine infusion (in 50 mL normal saline solution) of 100 μg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, these mares received two injections of 20 IU of oxytocin (IV) at 12 and 24-hours after infusion. Mares in group G-2 (n = 11) were treated with LPS as mares of G-1, whereas mares in G-3 (n = 12) received oxytocin injections only. The mares of G-4 (n = 23) did not receive any treatment. Pregnancy rates at day 21 and foaling rates were higher (P < .001) in group G-1 than in G-4. In G-1, higher percentage of mares at ages 6–10 years conceived and foaled than mares aged ≥16 years. On re-swabbing of mares that remained nonpregnant, the majority of G-1 and G-2 mares demonstrated sterile cultures and negative cytology, whereas uterine inflammation persisted in mares of G-3 and G-4. In conclusion, the combined therapy was effective for the elimination of persistent endometritis and improved reproductive performance of subfertile mares.     

Occurrence of Intrauterine Purulent Concrements in a Maiden Mare—A Case Report

Pyometra is an uncommon condition in mares associated with various symptoms. Here, we report a case of a 13-year-old Icelandic barren maiden mare with recurrent vaginal discharge. Ultrasonographically, the mare displayed intrauterine spherical masses of inhomogenous texture, which were identified as purulent concrements in hysteroscopy. The purulent concrements were successfully removed via uterine lavage after endoscope-assisted comminution. Microbiologic examination of the concrements revealed growth of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas fulva, Citrobacter freundii, and Chryseobacterium species. Systemic antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and additional uterine lavages were performed for 10 days. A follow-up examination revealed absence of intrauterine masses but reoccurrence of pyometra due to an impatent cervical canal. The pyometra condition was resolved by insertion of a cervical stent for prevention of intrauterine fluid accumulation. In conclusion, uterine masses, which may severely impact fertility, are best diagnosed by hysteroscopy. Intrauterine purulent concrements should be considered as an atypical form of equine pyometra.