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1.
Acacia mangium is a fast‐growing tree species. It is mainly planted in large monocultures for pulpwood in South‐East Asia. Root rot has become the most economically damaging disease of this species with high tree mortality rates observed during second and third rotations. Two main types of root rots have been found in A. mangium, viz. brown root‐rot and red‐root disease caused by Phellinus spp. and Ganoderma spp., respectively. To assess the future management options for root rot of A. mangium, we review past and current disease‐management strategies for root rot in different temperate and tropical industrial tree crops. The efficacies of a wide range of silvicultural, chemical and biological options are detailed, and their potential utilization in managing root rot of A. mangium is discussed. We conclude that the current gaps in knowledge regarding identification, biology and disease epidemiology of the root‐rot pathogens will need to be addressed so that effective management options can be developed. 相似文献
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3.
Possibility of improvement in fundamental properties of wood of acacia hybrids by artificial hybridization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nguyen Tu Kim Junji Matsumura Kazuyuki Oda Nguyen Viet Cuong 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(1):8-12
Growth, specific gravity, and wood fiber length of Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, artificial acacia hybrid clones, and combinations, which were planted in a trial forest in Bavi, Vietnam, in July 2001,
were examined. The radial variations from pith to bark were investigated to clarify the effect of genetic factors on these
traits. Superiority of hybrids over their parents ranged from 36.3% to 41.6% for diameter, from 20.0% to 25.3% for height,
from 6.9% to 20.7% for specific gravity, and from 6.1% to 12.8% for wood fiber length. The hybrid possessed heterosis in diameter,
height, specific gravity, and wood fiber length regardless of whether the female parent was A. mangium or A. auriculiformis. The profiles of wood fiber length and specific gravity in the radial direction were similar for all the trees investigated.
Wood fiber length was initially 0.5–0.6 mm near the pith and then increased slowly, finally reaching 1.0–1.2 mm near the bark.
The specific gravity of acacia increased from 0.49–0.58 near the pith to 0.63–0.74 near the bark. From a relative distance
of 30% from the pith, the specific gravity increased slightly and seemed to be stable. The relations among tree diameter,
specific gravity, and wood fiber length were fair and could be represented by positive linear regression formulas. Hybrids
for which A. auriculiformis was the female parent and A. mangium was the male parent had a faster growth rate and longer wood fibers than the inverse hybrids.
Part of this report was presented at the 6th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Kyoto, Japan, December 2005 相似文献
4.
Govind Pratap Rao Amar Bahadur Sukhen Chandra Das Hemavati Ranebennur Surabhi Mitra Manish Kumar Shailender Kumar 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(1)
Leaf yellowing symptoms were observed on Acacia mangium in the Sipahijala district of Tripura, India, during June 2017. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples (three of each) were collected from roadside trees of A. mangium for DNA extraction using the CTAB method. Amplicons of ~1.25 kb and ~480 bp were detected in all the symptomatic samples using the phytoplasma‐specific universal 16S rRNA and secA gene primers. Pair wise sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, virtual RFLP and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phytoplasma strain associated with A. mangium belonged to phytoplasma subgroup 16SrII‐C. This is the first report of an association between the 16SrII‐C subgroup and A. mangium leaf yellowing. 相似文献
5.
Increases in stand volume with some currently introduced provenances of Acacia mangium: Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Far North Queensland (FNQ), were projected based on their superiorities in 3-year height growth
in seedling seed orchards using the growth model developed for unthinned plantation for pulp and paper production in South
Sumatra, Indonesia. The height growth of these provenances was better than that of the local selections from Subanjeriji by
10%–15% at 3 years old and these percentage superiorities would be expected to remain at around 9%–14% until the 8-year rotation.
This amount of increase would result in a 7%–10% increase in basal area and hence it would produce a 17%–26% increase in stand
volume at rotation age when compared with the Subanjeriji seed source that was being widely used for the plantation establishment
of A. mangium in Indonesia.
Received: July 24, 2002 / Accepted: December 3, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. Hardjono, the director of plantation establishment at PT Musi Hutan Persada for his permission to use
data of permanent plots for the growth modeling of A. mangium. The authors are grateful to the staff at PT Musi Hutan Persada, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology and Forest
Tree Improvement, Japan International Cooperation Agency for their implementations of the study. Our thanks are also due to
Dr. Yoshida, associate professor at Kyushu University, for his advice on developing the growth modeling work.
Correspondence to:S. Kurinobu 相似文献
6.
Genotypic Differences in Antioxidative Stress and Salt Tolerance of Three Poplars Under Salt Stress 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ruigang Wang Shaoliang Chen Haiyuan Ma Liyuan Liu He Li Haijiao Weng Zhiyong Hao Shuang Yang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(1):82-88
To evaluate genotypic difference in antioxidative ability and salt tolerance in poplars, the authors investigated the effects
of increasing content of soil NaCl on salt concentration in leaves, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities,
malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and membrane permeability (MP) in Populus euphratica Oliv., P. popularis “35–44,” and P. × euramericana cv. I-214 (hereafter abbreviated as P. cv. I-214). Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves of P. popularis increased markedly over the increase of the duration of exposure to salinity, and culminated after 28 days of salt stress.
SOD and POD activities declined correspondingly, followed by significant increases of MDA and MP, and leaf injury was finally
observed. Compared with P. popularis, leaf Na+ and Cl− in P. cv. I-214 exhibited a trend similar to P. popularis, but a lower salt-induced increase of MDA and permeability was observed and lighter leaf necrosis occurred. In contrast to
P. popularis and P. cv. I-214, SOD and POD activities in P. euphratica leaves increased rapidly at the beginning of salt stress with a light soil NaCl concentration of 58.5 mmol/L. Furthermore,
salt ion concentration, MDA content, and MP in P. euphratica leaves did not increase significantly during 28 days of increasing salt stress. Therefore, the increase in MP in P. popularis and P. cv. I-214 had a close relationship with a salt buildup in leaves under increasing salt stress. Salt-induced declines of SOD
and POD activities might accelerate lipid peroxide and consequently resulted in ion leakage. P. euphratica rapidly activated antioxidant enzymes after the onset of salt stress, which might reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen
species and the subsequent acceleration of lipid peroxide. P. euphratica leaves exhibited a higher capacity to exclude salt in a longer period of increasing salinity, thus limited salt-induced lipid
peroxide and MP, which contributed to membrane integrity maintenance and salt tolerance of P. euphratica.
Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(3) (in Chinese) 相似文献
7.
Le Dinh Kha Chris E. Harwood Nguyen Duc Kien Brian S. Baltunis Nguyen Dinh Hai Ha Huy Thinh 《New Forests》2012,43(1):13-29
Field trials testing a total of 27 clones of the interspecific hybrid Acacia mangium × A.
auriculiformis and seedling controls of the parental species were established at Ba Vi and Yen Thanh in the north of Vietnam and Long Thanh
in the south. At both Ba Vi and Yen Thanh there were significant (P < 0.001) differences in height and diameter at breast height (DBH) among 22 tested clones at 4 years. At Long Thanh, twelve
hybrid clones did not differ significantly in DBH at age 3 years, but did (P < 0.001) at age 5 years. At the two northern sites the acacia hybrid clones had significantly greater DBH than control seedlots
of the parental species. At Long Thanh, DBH of the hybrid clones and A. mangium was similar, with a genetically improved seedlot of A. mangium displaying the best DBH. Mean wood basic density at breast height of the acacia hybrid clones was 539 kg m−3 at Yen Thanh at age 8 years, and 473 kg m−3 at Long Thanh at age 5 years; density for A. mangium at Long Thanh was only slightly lower than the hybrid clones at 461 kg m−3. Linear regressions of Pilodyn penetration (PP) at breast height on wood basic density explained 60% of the variance in density
of treatments (clones and control seedlots) at Yen Thanh and 36% at Long Thanh. There were significant differences between
hybrid clones in PP at all three trial sites. Clonal DBH performance was not strongly correlated across the three trial sites;
Pearson correlations of clone mean DBH between pairs of sites ranged from −0.47 to 0.20. Clonal rankings for PP were more
stable, with Pearson correlations between pairs of sites ranging from r = 0.71 to 0.78. 相似文献
8.
在被当地群众称之为“烂头山”的水土严重流失地区,引入原产澳大利亚的耐旱相思后,成功地改变了荒山秃岭的面貌,初步控制了水土流失。经过3a连续试验和观测,在18个树种49个种源中,初步筛选出并行相思17024、17141号种源;大叶相思16355、16147、16484号种源;黄花相思15481、14968、14590号种源;薄荚相思16110、15478号种源;鞘尾相思17906、17050号种源;丝毛相思16643、15732号种源;厚荚相思91000号种源;大花相思14668号种源;巴氏相思17718、15480、16134号种源等9个树种19个种源,这些树种与种源适应性强,速生,生物量大,植后当年即可郁闭,枯枝落叶覆盖了林地,初步起到保持水土的作用。 相似文献
9.
Eka Mulya Alamsyah Liu Chang Nan Masaaki Yamada Kinji Taki Hiroaki Yoshida 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):40-46
To estimate the potential bonding performance of bonded wood products from tropical fast-growing tree species, a study on
the bondability of Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen, Pinus merkusii Jungh et. De. Vriese, and Acacia mangium Willd from Indonesia was conducted. Two-ply laminations were produced using polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVAc), urea formaldehyde
(UF), resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), and water-based polymer isocyanate (API) adhesives. In order to determine the bonding
performance, the block-shear test was applied according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard for structural glued laminated
timber under normal conditions and after accelerated-aging treatments. To support this study, the wettability of each wood
species was also investigated through contact-angle measurement. The results showed that the bonding performance of low-density
P. falcataria was better than that of medium-density P. merkusii and medium-density A. mangium, while the bonding performance of medium-density P. merkusii was better than that of medium-density A. mangium. Furthermore, compared with A. mangium, the small contact angle and good wettability in P. falcataria and P. merkusii result in better adhesion and more intimate contact between the wood surfaces and adhesive. 相似文献
10.
Tree Performance and Root-Zone Salt Accumulation in Three Dryland Australian Plantations 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Robert D. Archibald Richard J. Harper John E. D. Fox Richard P. Silberstein 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,66(3):191-204
Doubts exist about the effectiveness of establishing trees near saline discharge areas on farmland to manage dryland salinity.
These centre on low rates of water uptake from saline water tables, salt accumulation in tree root zones and the consequent
poor growth and survival of trees. Despite this, trees still survive in many plantations established adjacent to saline discharge
areas and land-holders often favour such locations, as they do not compete for arable land such as that occurs with plantings
in recharge areas. Tree performance and salt accumulation were assessed in three experimental plantations established adjacent
to saline discharge areas 20–25 years ago. These were all in the 400–600 mm rainfall zone of south-western Australia. Mean
soil salinity, within 1 m of the surface, ranged from 220 to 630 mS m−1, while permanent ground-waters occurred within 2–5 m of the surface and had electrical conductivities ranging from 175 to
4150 mS m−1. The study confirmed the low growth rates expected for trees established over shallow, saline water tables in a relatively
low rainfall environment, with estimated wood volumes in Eucalyptus cladocalyx, E. spathulata, E. sargentii, E. occidentalis and E. wandoo of between 0.5 and 1.5 m3 ha−1 yr−1. Values of up to 3 m3 ha−1 yr−1 were obtained on soils with low salinity (<200 mS m−1). The excellent survival (>70%) of several Eucalyptus species confirms that discharge plantations species can persist, despite increasing soil salinity. However, the long-term
sustainability of such plantings (50–100 years) without broader landscape treatment of the present hydrological imbalance
must be questioned. 相似文献
11.
25-years-old Cunninghamia lanceolata forests and 18-years-old Acacia mangium forests in Jianfengling of Hainan Province were surveyed to assess the structures and species diversity of naturally-regenerated plants. The results showed that there were 131 species in C. lanceolata forests, attributed to 100 genera and 51 families. The dominant species were Gironniera subaequalis, Schima superba, Pertusadina metcalfii and Polyspora hainanensis. There were 62 species in A. mangium forests, attributed to 59 genera and 33 families. The dominant species were Acronychia pedunculata, Tetradium glabrifolium, Machilus chinensis, Gironniera subaequalis and Toxicodendron succedaneum. The species richness, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index for naturally-regenerated plants in C. lanceolata forests were 76.67±11.02, 0.94±0.04 and 3.50±0.49,while those in A. mangium forests were 39.00±8.54, 0.91±0.04 and 3.05±0.27. The Sørensen species similarity for naturally-regenerated plants of the two forests was 0.50, with a increasing age structure. The mean density, height and dbh for adult trees of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly lower than A. mangium forests; while the mean density and height of small tress of naturally-regenerated components of C. lanceolata forests were significantly higher than A. mangium forests. The study indicated that the naturally-regenerated plant species increased, and the forest structures became complex with the regeneration of both C. lanceolata and A. mangium forests. These two pure plantations will become old-growth natural forests with the forest succession. 相似文献
12.
De A. Sá T. D. De Oliveira V. C. De Araújo A. C. Junior S. Brienza 《Agroforestry Systems》1999,47(1-3):289-303
The biomass production of both indigenous and introduced plant species in tropical fallow systems depends on the degree to which these species can acclimate to the light and water environments. Results for light spectral composition monitoring within the canopy of enriched fallows and for the leaf stomatal conductance of fast-growing leguminous trees and indigenous fallow species are presented. All measurements were made in a smallholder farm in Igarapé-Açu, northeastern Pará State, Brazil. Light spectral composition (330 to 1100 nm) was monitored at two heights (ground level and 1 m) in a six-year-old natural fallow, 1.5-year-old natural fallow, and 1.5-year-old fallows enriched with Acacia angustissima, Acacia mangium, Clitoria racemosa, Inga edulis, Sclerolobium paniculatum, and a mixture of these trees. Light-quality parameters including photosynthetically active radiation, phytochrome active radiation, and blue active radiation changed most drastically in the stands enriched with A. mangium. Stomatal conductance was higher for A. mangium than the other trees and four common indigenous fallow vegetation species (Phenakospermum guyannense, Davilla rugosa, Lacistema pubescens, and Myrcia bracteata). Results suggest that the enrichment of fallows with A. mangium may promote changes in light and water vapor exchange regimes, with potential effects on species diversity in fallows.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
采用盆栽的方法,对16种2年生幼苗盐(NaCl)胁迫40 d,并进行耐盐性研究。结果表明:随盐浓度的升高,各树种的脯氨酸、可溶性糖和甜菜碱含量均呈上升趋势,在400 mmol·L-1盐浓度下,沙枣和水蜡的脯氨酸含量比对照分别增加了662.0%和562.8%,而可溶性蛋白含量在各树种间差异较大;Na+和Cl-含量在不同部位(根、茎和叶)均随盐浓度增加而增加,鞑靼忍冬、药鼠李、风箱树和醉鱼草叶片中Na+含量增加了5 20倍。K+和Ca2+含量随树种不同表现各异。综合各树种盐害症状和渗透调节物质变化特性,认为柽柳、唐古特白刺、西伯利亚白刺、卫矛和沙柳具有高度耐盐性,水蜡、沙枣、糖朴、美国皂荚和药鼠李具有中高度耐盐性,杜梨、竹柳、鞑靼忍冬、醉鱼草、风箱树和美国白蜡具有中度耐盐性。脯氨酸、可溶性糖和矿质元素含量(尤其是Na+、K+和Cl-)的变化对植物耐盐能力的影响较普遍也较大。 相似文献
14.
Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha–1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha–1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha–1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha–1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha–1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha–1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha–1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg–1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people. 相似文献
15.
Distribution, host preference and pathogenicity of Japanese Armillaria species on conifers were investigated on the basis of field collections of 65 isolates. We identified seven Armillaria species from 19 conifer species including six major Japanese plantation conifers using mating tests and sequences of the translation elongation‐1 α gene. Armillaria mellea, Armillaria ostoyae, Armillaria cepistipes and Armillaria sinapina were frequently collected, whereas Armillaria nabsnona, Armillaria tabescens and a biological species Nagasawa’s E were rare. On the basis of host condition when the isolates were collected, A. mellea, A. ostoyae, A. cepistipes and A. tabescens are considered as moderate to aggressive pathogens of conifers in Japan. 相似文献
16.
The investigation of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to stressor action is one of the leading directions of current biological studies. To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and identify its ability to cope with the salinity effect in the saline and extremely cold region of Qinghai, China, a test was conducted with two-year-old seedlings subjected to 0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol·L–1 NaCl solutions for 30 d. The results show that with an increase in salinity, the biomass of H. rhamnoides seedlings clearly decreased. Leaf water potential (Ψw) and relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced under salinity, with severe water shortages appearing in leaves. At the same time, the total chlorophyll content declined markedly. When salinity increased and stress time prolonged, the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) significantly declined. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) declined at first and was then followed by an increase over the stress time. We conclude that H. rhamnoides grown in the extremely cold and saline region of Qinghai has a certain resistance to salt, which can be planted at appropriate salinity levels. 相似文献
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18.
Karen M. Barry Rie Mihara Noel W. Davies Tohru Mitsunaga Caroline L. Mohammed 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(6):615-621
The heartwood of Acacia mangium is vulnerable to heart rot and this is the first study to investigate the role of heartwood extractives in its susceptibility.
Acacia auriculiformis was compared with A. mangium because it is rarely associated with heart rot. The heartwood extracts of both species were dominated by three flavonoids
(2,3-trans-3,4′,7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone, teracacidin, and 4′,7,8,-trihydroxyflavanone), which were purified and identified by nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The latter compound has not been previously reported in A. mangium and evidence for melacacidin is also newly reported. The mass spectrometric (MS) behavior of these compounds is given, for
example teracacidin does not form molecular ions by either electrospray ionization or atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization.
The nature of Acacia tannins was compared to quebracho tannin (composed of profisetinidins) using oxidative cleavage to enable MS detection but
a negative reaction was obtained for both, which suggests the Acacia tannins may also be of the 5-deoxy proanthocyanidin type. The concentration of flavanones was less when A. mangium heartwood was decayed but the amount of proanthocyanidins was only slightly reduced and therefore these compounds may be
more resistant to degradation by heart rot fungi. We found that the total phenol content of A. auriculiformis was about fivefold that of A. mangium, and, while preliminary, this provides evidence for a role played by phenolic extractives in heart rot resistance of these
Acacia species. 相似文献
19.
Unproductive saline and waterlogged (WT) wastelands could be beneficially transformed into agroforestry systems using trees tolerant to these stresses. We studied the salinity and waterlogging tolerance of five Australian tree species (Acacia salicina, Casuarina glauca, Casuarina obesa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus occidentalis) during seedling stage and their relationships with root and leaf ion concentrations. 8-month old plants were exposed for 5 months to five irrigation water salinity treatments (EC values between 2 and 22 dS m?1) and two waterlogging treatments (drained or WT). The salinity tolerance of the five species was high, although decreased in WT conditions. Irrespective of salinity, the two Casuarina species were more tolerant and the other three species were less tolerant to WT than drained conditions. In all species, salinity and waterlogging increased leaf Cl? and Na+ and decreased leaf Ca2+, but not leaf K+. Root Cl? and Na+ increased with salinity but not with waterlogging. Salinity tolerance was negatively correlated with Cl? and Na+ leaf accumulation rates per unit increase in salinity. Waterlogging reduced the ability of the seedlings to exclude Cl? and Na+ from the leaves. The two most salt tolerant Casuarina species under both drained and WT conditions showed the highest leaf Cl? and Na+ exclusion and the highest root Cl? and Na+ accumulation, suggesting that sequestration of these toxic ions in their roots was a significant salt-tolerant mechanism. Revegetation of saline and WT wastelands with these tolerant Casuarina species could be profitably used for biomass, biofuel and renewable energy production. 相似文献
20.
Hitoshi Sakio 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(4):341-346
The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns. 相似文献