肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从我省某鸡场有一定性呼吸道症状及剖检肾肿的病鸡中分离到一株病毒，该病毒接种易感鸡可在２４－４８小时出现呼吸道症状，病鸡多数肾肿大、苍白，可致死部分鸡胚和产生侏儒胚，能在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒ＬａｓＯＴａ株的生长；但不能凝集鸡红细胞，电镜观察见直径约１３０ｎｍ的圆形颗粒病毒，初步鉴定分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从我省某鸡场有一过性呼吸道症状及剖检肾肿的病鸡中分离到一株病毒，该病毒接种易感鸡可在２４～４８小时出现呼吸道症状，病鸡多数肾肿大、苍白，可致死部分鸡胚和产生侏儒胚，能在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒ＬａＳｏｔａ株的生长，但不能凝集鸡红细胞．电镜观察见直径约１３０ｎｍ的圆形颗粒病毒。初步鉴定分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒AH4-08株的分离鉴定

利用SPF鸡胚盲传,从自然发病、临床上表现为呼吸道症状、肾肿大、呈"花斑肾"的病死雏肉鸡的肾脏中分离到1株病毒。该病毒易感雏鸡,呈一过性呼吸症状,病死鸡肾脏肿大、苍白、呈花斑样;盲传至第五代,鸡胚呈现死亡和侏儒胚;分离株经过胰蛋白酶处理后能够凝集鸡的红细胞;同时,可干扰鸡新城疫病毒LaSota株在鸡胚上的增殖;电镜观察,可见大小80～120 nm、多呈球形、有囊膜的病毒颗粒,其表面有呈松散、均匀排列的冠状突起。利用RT-PCR技术对分离株的N基因进行扩增,经序列测定和分析比较,证实分离株为肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,命名为AH4-08株。     

平顶山市分离到一株鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒

最近我们从平顶山市某养鸡场的发病鸡群中分离到１株病毒（ＰＳ株）。分离毒经鸡胚传代后可使鸡胚出现死亡、卷曲胚或侏儒胚;不能直接凝集１％鸡红细胞,经１％胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞;干扰试验表明分离毒有干扰ＮＤＬａＳｏｔａ株在鸡胚上生长的特性;中和试验表明分离毒与Ｍ４１株抗原性差异较大,而与Ｔ株抗原性基本一致,这与肾型ＩＢＶ一致;电镜观察到的病毒粒子具有典型的冠状结构;回归试验能使雏鸡死亡,出现肾脏肿大、肾小管和输尿管充满白色尿酢盐沉积等特征性病变。因此认为分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ。分离到的ＰＳ株是从外地购买…     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种，从北京郊区某鸡场出现呼吸道症状并有肾肿大、苍白的鸡群中分离到一株病毒，该病毒能导致鸡胚出现侏儒胚；病毒大小为８５～１０３ｎｍ，表面有特征性纤突，排列稀疏均匀，在鸡胚内能干扰鸡新城疫病毒增殖，对乙醚敏感，属有囊膜病毒；该病毒不耐热，５６℃１小时即被更活；用本病毒回归２５日龄雏鸡，可使试验鸡出现典型的花斑肾，上述各项鉴定证明，该分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ．此外，用本病毒制备的油乳剂灭活苗，基本上可抵抗该每株的攻击．     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒0801株的分离鉴定及S1基因序列分析

2008年1月,河北沧州某产蛋鸡场鸡群出现呼吸道症状,少数鸡只出现死亡,剖检发现鸡只肾脏肿大,呈“花斑肾”样,收集患病鸡只肾脏、气管等组织,进行病毒分离培养.经新城疫病毒干扰试验、血凝试验、动物回归试验、鸡胚交叉中和试验及分子生物学鉴定,证实分离到一株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,并命名为0801;鸡胚交叉中和试验结果表明,0...     

一株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的初步分离鉴定

从哈尔滨市某肉鸡养殖场疑似传染性支气管炎的病死鸡中分离到1株肾型IBV,并对其进行鸡胚矮小化、血凝性、电镜下特征、新城疫干扰试验、致病性等生物学鉴定和N基因的RT-PCR鉴定。结果表明,该病毒分离株在鸡胚上传至第四代(F)4开始出现死亡或侏儒胚;病毒不凝集鸡红细胞;透射电镜下可见多呈球形、直径约80～120nm的病毒粒子,具有冠状病毒的典型形态特点;该病毒可干扰新城疫LaSota株在鸡胚中的增殖;将分离毒第4代尿囊液接种于6日龄雏鸡,7d后开始出现死亡,死亡率高达67%(6/9),病死鸡剖解后可见肾脏明显肿大、苍白,具有传染性支气管炎的典型病变;分离毒第5代尿囊液经N基因特异性RT-PCR获得大小约438bp的目的片断。初步确定所分离病毒为肾型IBV。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种，从北京郊区甘鸡场出现呼吸道症状并有肾肿大，苍白的鸡群中分离到一株病毒，该病毒能导致鸡胚出现侏儒胚；病毒大小为８５－１０３ｎｍ，表面有特征性纤突，排列稀疏均匀，在鸡干鸡新城疫病毒增殖，对乙醚敏感，属有囊膜病毒，该病毒不耐热，５６℃１小时即被灭活；用本病毒回归２５日龄雏鸡，可使试验出现典型的花斑肾，上述各项鉴定证明，该分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ，此外，用本病毒制备的油乳剂灭油苗，基本上可抵抗该毒     

1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的鉴定

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)具有不同致病特性,将IBV XDC-2株接种9日龄SPF鸡胚培养,可引起鸡胚死亡和出现侏儒胚,病毒EID50达5×10-5.33/mL。将IBV XDC-2株接种18日龄SPF鸡,饲养观察14 d,病鸡临床症状表现为:精神沉郁,羽毛凌乱,双翅下垂,轻微腹泻,多数拉白色水样稀粪。病死鸡出现肾肿大、呈花斑状、大量尿酸盐沉积。鸡发病率为100%,死亡率为25%。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织制作组织切片,发现病理变化明显,主要为:肾小管扩张,上皮细胞呈玻璃样变性,部分管腔内可见坏死脱落之上皮细胞,于肾间质可见大量单核细胞浸润,肾间质有充血、出血现象;肺内动脉、毛细血管充血,淋巴细胞浸润。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织接种鸡胚分离病毒,RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,表明该分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,具有很强的嗜肾性。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从北京地区某鸡场有呼吸道症状及剖检可见肾肿大呈花斑状 ,并有尿酸盐沉积的病鸡中分离到一株病毒 ,该病毒在盲传中可使鸡胚出血并产生侏儒胚。病毒液不凝集鸡的红细胞 ,但经胰酶处理后可产生凝集。该病毒能在鸡胚中干扰新城疫C -30株的繁殖 ,电镜观察可见直径约 10 0nm圆形病毒颗粒 ;表面有纤状突起 ,动物回归试验再现自然发病症状。通过以上试验初步确定分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.