肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从我省某鸡场有一定性呼吸道症状及剖检肾肿的病鸡中分离到一株病毒，该病毒接种易感鸡可在２４－４８小时出现呼吸道症状，病鸡多数肾肿大、苍白，可致死部分鸡胚和产生侏儒胚，能在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒ＬａｓＯＴａ株的生长；但不能凝集鸡红细胞，电镜观察见直径约１３０ｎｍ的圆形颗粒病毒，初步鉴定分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从我省某鸡场有一过性呼吸道症状及剖检肾肿的病鸡中分离到一株病毒，该病毒接种易感鸡可在２４～４８小时出现呼吸道症状，病鸡多数肾肿大、苍白，可致死部分鸡胚和产生侏儒胚，能在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒ＬａＳｏｔａ株的生长，但不能凝集鸡红细胞．电镜观察见直径约１３０ｎｍ的圆形颗粒病毒。初步鉴定分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒AH4-08株的分离鉴定

利用SPF鸡胚盲传,从自然发病、临床上表现为呼吸道症状、肾肿大、呈"花斑肾"的病死雏肉鸡的肾脏中分离到1株病毒。该病毒易感雏鸡,呈一过性呼吸症状,病死鸡肾脏肿大、苍白、呈花斑样;盲传至第五代,鸡胚呈现死亡和侏儒胚;分离株经过胰蛋白酶处理后能够凝集鸡的红细胞;同时,可干扰鸡新城疫病毒LaSota株在鸡胚上的增殖;电镜观察,可见大小80～120 nm、多呈球形、有囊膜的病毒颗粒,其表面有呈松散、均匀排列的冠状突起。利用RT-PCR技术对分离株的N基因进行扩增,经序列测定和分析比较,证实分离株为肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,命名为AH4-08株。     

平顶山市分离到一株鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒

最近我们从平顶山市某养鸡场的发病鸡群中分离到１株病毒（ＰＳ株）。分离毒经鸡胚传代后可使鸡胚出现死亡、卷曲胚或侏儒胚;不能直接凝集１％鸡红细胞,经１％胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞;干扰试验表明分离毒有干扰ＮＤＬａＳｏｔａ株在鸡胚上生长的特性;中和试验表明分离毒与Ｍ４１株抗原性差异较大,而与Ｔ株抗原性基本一致,这与肾型ＩＢＶ一致;电镜观察到的病毒粒子具有典型的冠状结构;回归试验能使雏鸡死亡,出现肾脏肿大、肾小管和输尿管充满白色尿酢盐沉积等特征性病变。因此认为分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ。分离到的ＰＳ株是从外地购买…     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种，从北京郊区某鸡场出现呼吸道症状并有肾肿大、苍白的鸡群中分离到一株病毒，该病毒能导致鸡胚出现侏儒胚；病毒大小为８５～１０３ｎｍ，表面有特征性纤突，排列稀疏均匀，在鸡胚内能干扰鸡新城疫病毒增殖，对乙醚敏感，属有囊膜病毒；该病毒不耐热，５６℃１小时即被更活；用本病毒回归２５日龄雏鸡，可使试验鸡出现典型的花斑肾，上述各项鉴定证明，该分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ．此外，用本病毒制备的油乳剂灭活苗，基本上可抵抗该每株的攻击．     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒0801株的分离鉴定及S1基因序列分析

2008年1月,河北沧州某产蛋鸡场鸡群出现呼吸道症状,少数鸡只出现死亡,剖检发现鸡只肾脏肿大,呈“花斑肾”样,收集患病鸡只肾脏、气管等组织,进行病毒分离培养.经新城疫病毒干扰试验、血凝试验、动物回归试验、鸡胚交叉中和试验及分子生物学鉴定,证实分离到一株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,并命名为0801;鸡胚交叉中和试验结果表明,0...     

一株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的初步分离鉴定

从哈尔滨市某肉鸡养殖场疑似传染性支气管炎的病死鸡中分离到1株肾型IBV,并对其进行鸡胚矮小化、血凝性、电镜下特征、新城疫干扰试验、致病性等生物学鉴定和N基因的RT-PCR鉴定。结果表明,该病毒分离株在鸡胚上传至第四代(F)4开始出现死亡或侏儒胚;病毒不凝集鸡红细胞;透射电镜下可见多呈球形、直径约80～120nm的病毒粒子,具有冠状病毒的典型形态特点;该病毒可干扰新城疫LaSota株在鸡胚中的增殖;将分离毒第4代尿囊液接种于6日龄雏鸡,7d后开始出现死亡,死亡率高达67%(6/9),病死鸡剖解后可见肾脏明显肿大、苍白,具有传染性支气管炎的典型病变;分离毒第5代尿囊液经N基因特异性RT-PCR获得大小约438bp的目的片断。初步确定所分离病毒为肾型IBV。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种，从北京郊区甘鸡场出现呼吸道症状并有肾肿大，苍白的鸡群中分离到一株病毒，该病毒能导致鸡胚出现侏儒胚；病毒大小为８５－１０３ｎｍ，表面有特征性纤突，排列稀疏均匀，在鸡干鸡新城疫病毒增殖，对乙醚敏感，属有囊膜病毒，该病毒不耐热，５６℃１小时即被灭活；用本病毒回归２５日龄雏鸡，可使试验出现典型的花斑肾，上述各项鉴定证明，该分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ，此外，用本病毒制备的油乳剂灭油苗，基本上可抵抗该毒     

1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的鉴定

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)具有不同致病特性,将IBV XDC-2株接种9日龄SPF鸡胚培养,可引起鸡胚死亡和出现侏儒胚,病毒EID50达5×10-5.33/mL。将IBV XDC-2株接种18日龄SPF鸡,饲养观察14 d,病鸡临床症状表现为:精神沉郁,羽毛凌乱,双翅下垂,轻微腹泻,多数拉白色水样稀粪。病死鸡出现肾肿大、呈花斑状、大量尿酸盐沉积。鸡发病率为100%,死亡率为25%。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织制作组织切片,发现病理变化明显,主要为:肾小管扩张,上皮细胞呈玻璃样变性,部分管腔内可见坏死脱落之上皮细胞,于肾间质可见大量单核细胞浸润,肾间质有充血、出血现象;肺内动脉、毛细血管充血,淋巴细胞浸润。死亡鸡肺脏、肾组织接种鸡胚分离病毒,RT-PCR检测结果为阳性,表明该分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,具有很强的嗜肾性。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从北京地区某鸡场有呼吸道症状及剖检可见肾肿大呈花斑状 ,并有尿酸盐沉积的病鸡中分离到一株病毒 ,该病毒在盲传中可使鸡胚出血并产生侏儒胚。病毒液不凝集鸡的红细胞 ,但经胰酶处理后可产生凝集。该病毒能在鸡胚中干扰新城疫C -30株的繁殖 ,电镜观察可见直径约 10 0nm圆形病毒颗粒 ;表面有纤状突起 ,动物回归试验再现自然发病症状。通过以上试验初步确定分离株为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -