用过氧化物酶同工酶对中国葡萄属野生种分类和亲缘关系的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）对我国葡萄属１２个野生种和变种进行了过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶的研究。结果如下：绘制了葡萄属的基本酶谱，共分离出３５条酶带，用过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱可把供试材料分为三组。综合同工酶谱和聚类分析的结果，认为刺葡萄，秋葡萄、复叶葡萄、瘤枝葡萄和华东葡萄是葡萄属中较原始的类型，山葡萄、燕山葡萄、和麦黄葡萄是较进化的类型，种的分组与进化和地理分布有关。     

几种杂交蔬菜种子纯度鉴定指示同工酶的初步筛选

该文以萌发３天的幼芽或胚轴为材料，用等电聚焦电泳技术分析研究番茄、辣椒、西瓜、青瓜和苦瓜杂交种子的酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）和谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）同工酶，发现番茄种子的ＡＣＰ及ＡＤＨ同工酶、辣椒种子的ＡＣＰ及ＭＤＨ同工酶、西瓜种子的ＥＳＴ和ＡＣＰ同工酶、青瓜种子的ＡＣＰ同工酶以及苦瓜种子的ＡＣＰ和ＭＤＨ同工酶均有较强的品种特异性和稳定的酶谱，     

陆地棉功能叶不同生育时期酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的研究

对不同熟性棉花品种功能叶几种酶活性及脂质过氧化水平（以丙二醛含量表示）的研究结果表明，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性在吐絮前呈波动上升，吐絮盛期争剧下降；丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量吐絮前缓慢上升，吐絮后明显增加；过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性在结铃以前随叶片发育而上升，结铃后急剧下降；过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性始终呈上升趋势。进一步对ＰＯＤ同工酶进行电泳发现，其酶谱构成随生育进程而变化，早熟品种在开花期酶带条数最多     

苹果叶片过氧化物酶理化性质分析

以“青富１３”苹果叶片为试材，研究了苹果过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的理化性质。结果表明：苹果叶片ＰＯＤ同工酶可粗分为酸性酶和碱性酶两大类，酸性酶的最适ｐＨ在６．０左右，碱性酶的最适ｐＨ在９．０左右；在最适ｐＨ条件下，不同的缓冲液体系对ＰＯＤ活性有一定的影响；该酶系最适温度综合表现为２５℃左右，热稳定性试验表明苹果ＰＯＤ相当耐热，８０℃可维持活性２ｍｉｎ左右 ，５５℃可保持活性７２ｈ；底物试验证明，该酶系     

低温处理对豇豆幼苗生长和POD、COD、ATPase同工酶的影响

在０～１℃低温处理豇豆幼苗时幼苗生长明显受抑，检查根系和胚轴中的ＰＯＤ、ＣＯＤ、ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶，发现谱带减少。低温对豇豆幼苗生长的伤害与幼苗组织内三种酶同工酶的变化呈明显的相关性。上述三种酶同工酶可以作为一种生化指标用于检测植物幼苗的受寒害状况。     

低温处理对豇豆幼苗生长的POD,COD,ATPase同工酶的影响

在０－１℃低温处理豇豆幼苗时幼苗生长明显受抑，检查根系和胚轴中的ＰＯＤ、ＣＯＤ、ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶，发现谱带减少。低温对豇豆幼苗生长的伤害与幼苗组成内三种酶同工酶的变化呈明显的相关性。上述三种酶同工酶可以作为一咱生化指标用于检测植物幼苗的受寒状况。     

杏种质孢粉学的研究

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对２０个杏品种（种）花粉形态研究表明：应用临界点干燥技术干燥杏花粉，花粉粒大小在杏和西伯利亚杏种间差异不明显，品种间花粉大小差异较大。花粉粒外壁纹饰在种间和种内均有较大差异。通过聚类分析将供试２０个品种（种）分为９类。     

植物低温保护剂对喷药棉苗抗寒力及产量的影响

用ＰＬＴＰＡ（植物低温保护剂）处理棉花幼苗，促进ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性升高；ＭＤＡ含量降低；抗寒力鉴定结果表明，棉苗可抵抗－２℃～－５℃低温长达１２ｈ不受冻害。这种抗寒力可保持一个月。产量提高     

病害对不同抗枯类型棉花品种SOD和POD活性的影响

不同抗枯萎类型棉花品种（系），在病害胁迫时，叶片组分内ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性呈明显规律性变化。研究结果表明，抗病品种ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性弱，可溶性蛋白质含量高；不抗病的品种则表现趋势相反，膜脂过氧化水平、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性都较高，可溶性蛋白质含量较低，差异达极显著水平。同时发现ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性与田间发病指数呈明显的正相关。     

CMS水稻不同器官的膜脂过氧化水平

比较了ＣＭＳ水稻不育系珍汕９７Ａ及其同核异质保持系珍汕９７Ｂ的叶片、幼穗和花药中的膜脂过氧化、活性氧水平及活性氧清除酶活性。结果表明：与可育花药相比，不育花药中Ｈ２Ｏ２和Ｏ２＾－水平较高，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量也高，而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化酶（ＰＯＤ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡ－ＰＯＤ）活性则较低；幼穗中，不育系的Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＭＤＡ含量高于保持系，其它指标基本无差异；     

中国仁用杏栽培生理研究进展

仁用杏有很强的抗逆性,是我国非常有发展前途的特色经济林木,尤其适宜我国自然条件恶劣的“三北”地区发展。目前,与仁用杏栽培生产密切相关的生理机制研究虽然取得了一定的进展,但仍处于起步阶段,需进一步深入探讨。本文综述分析了我国仁用杏的花器官败育、营养元素利用、抗旱及抗寒生理等方面研究进展,以期为我国仁用杏生产和研究工作的顺利开展提供参考。     

不同天气条件下‘库车白杏’树干液流变化规律及其与环境因子的关系

为研究‘库车白杏’树干液流速率在不同月份典型天气条件下的变化特征及其与环境因素之间的关系,探讨不同的环境因子对树干液流速率变化的影响,以‘库车白杏’为试材,对其树干液流在3—8月的变化情况进行测定与分析。结果表明：‘库车白杏’树干液流速率在不同月份晴天天气条件下变化较为明显,而在阴雨天变化趋势比较平缓;对其树干液流速率产生影响的环境因子主要是太阳辐射以及空气温度,并且太阳总辐射和空气温度与液流速率均呈正相关。     

山杏RAPD反应体系条件的优化

以山杏新鲜叶片为材料,研究了山杏RAPD分析过程中的影响因素,包括Taq酶、Mg2+、dNTP、引物、模板DNA浓度、变性时间、循环次数等,建立了适合山杏RAPD反应的PCR体系,即20μL反应体系中含有Taq酶1.0U、Mg2+ 2.0mM,四种dNTP各0.1mM,引物0.5μM,模板DNA50ng。扩增程序为：94℃预变性4mins;94℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸1.5mins,10个循环;94℃变性30s,36℃退火40s,72℃延伸60s,30个循环;最后72℃延伸5min     

微地形对大西沟野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度的影响

摘 要：探究新疆霍城县大西沟野果林内的微地形对野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度等环境因子的影响。在封育的野果林内设置样地,观测地形和野杏幼苗生长季的气温、光照、空气湿度和土壤温湿度,分析各环境因子和地形因子的关系。结果表明：（1）坡向与气温、光照强度和土壤温度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),东南坡＞南坡＞东北坡,坡向与空气湿度、土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01);（2）坡位与气温、光照强度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与土壤含水量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),不同坡位的环境因子没有显著性差异(P＜0.05);（3）坡度与气温、光照强度以及土壤温度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),缓中坡＞陡坡＞中坡＞缓坡,缓坡与其他坡度均呈显著差异(P＜0.05);坡度与空气湿度以及土壤含水量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);（4）坡形与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),对气候因子和土壤温度都无显著影响。地形变化对野杏幼苗生境的气候和土壤温湿度有显著影响,东南坡、上坡位、缓中坡以及凸坡形和相应的气候与土壤温湿度,是适宜野杏幼苗生存的生境条件。     

Isozyme electrophoretic characterization of 29 related cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.)

Isozyme banding patterns (IBPs) were studied for cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) by means of horizontal starch‐gel electrophoresis (SGE). An array of continuous histidine‐citrate buffer systems at eight ranges of pH and four extraction buffers were tested. On the basis of this survey, the extraction buffer two (Eb‐2) and the buffer system E at pH 7.7 were found to be suitable for detection of lily isozymes. Using the SGE technique, IBP in catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), esterase (EST; EC 3.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (MAL; EC 1.1.1.40), peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7), phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 2.7.5.1), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD; EC 1.1.1.44) were assayed. In total 29 cultivars were tested in this study: nine were analysed for all eight enzyme systems, 16 cultivars for seven systems, three for six, and one for five enzyme systems. Some IBP were identified as section‐specific biochemical markers. Eight enzymes systems were analysed by constructing a dendogram using the unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The analysis indicated that the lily cultivars could be separated from other Lilium species, except for two L. x formonlogi cultivars:‘Hakuba’ and ‘Hakuko’ which could not be distinguished from each other by the isozyme patterns assayed here. This study shows that isozymes can provide useful biochemical markers for lily cultivar identification and to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among those cultivars.     

Introducing host‐plant resistance to anthracnose in Kyrgyz common bean through inoculation‐based and marker‐aided selection

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legume crops for human consumption. However, its grain yield can be reduced by up to 90% by the seedborne disease, anthracnose. Fungicide treatment is costly and time‐consuming. The introduction of host plant resistance against this disease appears, therefore, to be crucial for enhancing the productivity of this crop in Kyrgyzstan. The use of DNA‐based markers in backcrossing programmes may help speed up the breeding for resistance. In this study, we used a combination of inoculation tests and a DNA marker (SCAreoli marker) to track the transfer of host‐plant resistance (Co‐2 gene) from two donor cultivars, ‘Vaillant’ and ‘Flagrano’, to susceptible Kyrgyz cultivars ‘Ryabaya’, ‘Kytayanka’ and ‘Lopatka’, which are widely grown in the country. The segregating offspring were evaluated to test the reliability of the SCAreoli marker as selection aid for host‐plant resistance to anthracnose. Our study showed that a co‐dominant DNA marker can successfully be used in backcross breeding to distinguish segregating material in different market classes of common bean.     

匍匐翦股颖新品系酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶研究

通过垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳,分析了匍匐翦股颖(粤选1号、新品系2号、3号、4号)和原品种匍匐翦股颖Penncross的酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明：新品系的酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱具有原品种Penncross全部或大多数酶带,出现数量不等的Penncross所没有的新酶带,也出现酶带的减少,另外,新品系的POD同工酶活性明显比Penncross强。     

菜豆普通细菌性疫病抗性基因定位

菜豆普通细菌性疫病是世界上危害普通菜豆生产的最严重的病害之一。龙芸豆5号是我国黑龙江省的主栽品种,对菜豆普通细菌性疫病表现出良好的抗性。为定位来源于龙芸豆5号的抗性基因,本研究构建了包含785个单株的F2分离群体。基于该群体构建了一张包含206个SSR标记,总长度1648.42 c M,标记间平均遗传距离8.00 c M的遗传图谱。图谱包含12个连锁群,各连锁群平均长度137.37 c M,连锁群上标记数量3~35个。结合温室表型鉴定结果,采用QTL Ici Mapping v4.0软件的完备区间作图法进行QTL定位和效应估计。接种14 d后在Pv06染色体上检测到一个抗病QTL。该位点位于标记p6s249与p6s183之间,加性效应值为0.44,说明增效基因来源于龙芸豆5号,LOD值为5.93,表型贡献率为4.61%,该抗病QTL的效应值相对较低,将在培育稳定持久的抗菜豆普通细菌性疫病的品种中发挥作用。最后,对抗性基因紧密连锁的11对SSR引物与菜豆普通细菌性疫病抗性的关联分析表明,SSR标记p6s249与菜豆普通细菌性疫病抗性极显著关联(P0.001),该标记可用于抗病分子育种。     

Effect of Diclofop and Linuron on Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum), Control in Triticale (X Triticosecale), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Rye (Secale cereale)

Annual rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious and wide spread problem in cereal crops. A field experiment with a promising herbicide diclofop [(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 0.56, 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha, in comparison to commonly used linuron [ N' -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N -methoxy- N -methylurea] at 0.84, 1.12 and 1.41 kg ai/ha was conducted to control rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The herbicides were applied as soil-incorporated, preemergence and post-emergence. Results showed that diclofop is less phytotoxic than Linuron and the postemergence application of these herbicides was more phytotoxic on all cereal crops. Diclofop applied at 1.12 kg/ha, gave almost 100 percent rye grass control and produced 45 and 115 kg/ha higher grain yields in pre- and postemergence methods, respectively, as compared to the soil-incorporated method.     

An Extended Linkage Map of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Including Nine Putative Lethal Genes and the Restorer Gene X

An extended genetic map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is presented encompassing 177 segregating markers (2 morphological traits, 7 isozymes, and 168 RFLP markers) on 9 linkage groups. The linkage map comprises 1057.3 cM equivalent to an average genetic spacing of 6.0 cM/marker. The length of individual linkage groups varies between 80.7 (group VIII) and 167.4 cM (group VIII). The number of markers per linkage group ranges between 13 and 24. No indication of duplicate regions was found, confirming the true diploid nature of B. vulgaris. Twenty-six markers (15 %) deviated significantly (a = 0.01) from the expected segregation ratio. This distorted segregation was probably caused by linkage with lethal genes. Four such genes (designated Let Ib, Let 5b, Let 6b, Let 8) could be located at discrete positions due to their absolute linkage to skewed RFLP markers. The restorer gene X has been located terminally on linkage group ÜI, 9.6 cM distant from RFLP marker pKP1238.